高考英语语法-代词.pptx

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1、1、人称代词的替代和转换、人称代词的替代和转换;2、物主代词的性；、物主代词的性；3、else 的用法；的用法；4、不定代词的用法比较、不定代词的用法比较;5、it 的用法；的用法；高考考点分析 一一. 人称代词人称代词 （你，我，他（你，我，他）人人 称称单单 数数复复 数数主主 格格 宾宾 格格 主主 格格宾宾 格格第一人第一人称称Imeweus第二人第二人称称youyouyouyou第三人第三人称称hesheithimherittheythem二二. 物主代词物主代词人人 称称单单 数数复复 数数形容词形容词性性名词性名词性 形容词性形容词性名词性名词性第一第一人称人称mymineour

2、ours第二第二人称人称youryoursyouryours第三第三人称人称hisheritshishers（无）（无）theirtheirs通通 称称ones三三.反身代词：反身代词： 表表反射反射或或强调强调单数单数复数复数第一人称第一人称myselfourselves第二人称第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称第三人称himselfthemselvesherselfitselfoneself1. 人称代词的指代问题人称代词的指代问题 ：It was _ who did it, but it was _ that we are talking about. A. he sh

3、e B. him her C. him she D. he her 人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或表语，宾格做宾语。 John waited a while but eventually he went home. I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. D2）在使用人称代词时，要注意其人称、数和格的一致。如： Jim and I saw the man passing by. Between you and me, he stole a lot of money from somewhere. He asked three o

4、f us, John, Joan and me, to have dinner with him. Meat and fish are more expensive than they used to be. 不定代词 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone， someone， everyone，no one， 及 whoever 和 person 在正 式场合使用时，可用 he, his, him 代替。 Nobody came, did he?2. 人称代词之主、宾格的替换人称代词之主、宾格的替换 Susan, go and join your sister cle

5、aning the yard. Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing. （03全国卷）全国卷）AhimBheCI Dme 在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在 not 后， 多用宾格。- I like English. - Me too.- Have more wine? - Not me.D- May I speak to John? - This is _ speaking.A.heB. hisC. himD. himself All but _ to the concert tomorrow. A. he and I am going B.

6、he and I are goingC. he and me are going D. his and me am going ABa. 在电话用语中常用主格。在电话用语中常用主格。 - I wish to speak to Mary. - This is she. b. 在介词在介词 but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。后，有时可用主格代替宾格。 3. 物主代词的性物主代词的性问题问题4：- Is this camera like Bills and Anns? - No, but its almost the same as _. A. her B. yours C. them

7、 D. theirB解析：解析：形容词性的物主代词修饰名词，不能独用; 名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的-s所有格结构。 另外 Would you mind my opening the window?4. 反身代词反身代词问题问题5： You will find as you read fiats books that you just cant keep some of these stones to _. You will want to share them with a friend. A. itself B. yourself C. himself D. themse

8、lves B反身代词通常作宾语、表语和同位语。反身代词通常作宾语、表语和同位语。a. 作宾语：有些动词需有反身代词 absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave, help, dress, keep, We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.Please help yourself to some fish.b. 作表语 I am not myself today.c. 作同位语 The thing itself is not important.d. by

9、 oneself= alone 独自 for oneself独立、为自己 be oneself 处于正常状态,显得自然 enjoy oneself seat oneself dress oneself in devote oneself to help oneself to come to oneself make oneself at homeA、some / any问题问题1 Theres_ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get_? A. little; someB. little;

10、any C. a little; someD. a little; any问题问题2 I asked him for some oil, but he hadnt _. A. any B. some C. no D. anythingAA 说明：说明： some “一些”，一般用于肯定句中。 1) 可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。 2) 当做“某一”解时，也可与单数名词连用(= a certain) You will be sorry for this some day. Some person has seen you break the rule.注意注意：some 用于其他句式中用于其他句

11、式中: a. 肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的， 或期望得到肯定回答时。 Would you like. 表委婉请求或建议 b. 在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：If you need some help，let me know.c. 当否定的是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。I havent heard from some of my old friends these years. any “一些”，多用于否定句和疑问句和条件句中。 当表示 “任何一个” 的意思时，any 可用于肯定句。 Here are three novels. You may read any

12、. 问题问题3： We havent enough books for ; some of you will have to share. Asomebody Banybody Ceverybody Dnobody 问题问题4：- One weeks time has been wasted.- I cant believe we did all that work for . A. something B. nothingC. everything D. anythingCBB、 one，that 和和 it Meeting my uncle after all these years wa

13、s an unforgettable moment, _ I will always treasure. thatoneitwhat The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. theyB. itC. oneD. which I prefer a flat in Inverness to _in Perth, because I want to live near my Moms. A. one B. that C. it D. this Cars do cau

14、se us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. AoneBonesCitDthose BBAB 说明：说明： one 表示泛指，that 和 it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而 it 与所指名词为同一个。I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one.The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.I cant find my hat. I don t know where I p

15、ut it.C、 another / other / the other / others / the othersYoung people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in _. A. the other B. some other C. others D. these others One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _. A. the other is white B. another white C. the other whiteD. a

16、nother is white No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _. A. others B. the otherC. eitherD. another CCB 说明：说明： one the other只有两个one another，some othersothers = other people / thingsthe others = the rest剩余的全部1) 泛指另一个用another, 泛指另外一些人，物用others=(other +复数名

17、词).2) 一定范围内两人(物)，一个用 one，另一个用 the other。3) 一定范围内三者，一个用 one，另一个用one (another)， 第三个可用the other，a third。4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。5) 除去已有的，表示“还有多少”，一般有三个结构： another + 数量 + 名词； 数量 + other + 名词； 数量 + more + 名词。 D、 anyone / any one；no one / none；nothing Playing tricks on others is _ we should nev

18、er do. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing We havent enough books for ; some of you will have to share. Asomebody Banybody Ceverybody Dnobody She doesnt know anyone here. She has got_to talk to. A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no oneBCD1. anyone 和和 any one anyone 仅指人,不与 of 连用；any o

19、ne 既可指人,也可指物。2. no one 和和 nonea) none 后跟 of 短语，既可指人又可指物，而 no one 只 单独使用，只指人。 b) none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而 no one 作 主语，谓语动词只能是单数。 None of you could lift it. - Did any one call me up just now?- No one.3. none 和和 nothing none 只指量，用how many/much提问； nothing 泛指，什么东西都不存在。用what提问。 - Are there any eggs in the f

20、ridge? - None. In fact, there is nothing in the fridge.E、every 和和each _ he goes out for some food. A. Every a few days B. Every few daysC. Each few daysD. Every several daysB说明：说明：1)every 强调全体的概念， each强调个体概念。 Every student in our school works hard. Each student may have one book.2)every 指三个以上的人或物(含三

21、个)，each指两个以 上的人或物 (含两个) 3) every 只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。 Every student has to take one. Each boy has to take one. Each of the boys has to take one.4) every不可以作状语，each可作状语。 We each have a glass to drink water with.5) every 表“每”，如 every two weeks等6) every/each 与与not 连用，表示部分否定连用，表示部分否定 Every man is

22、not honest. F、 both, either, neither, all, any, none I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _ of them came. A. neitherB. eitherC. noneD. both - Do you want tea or coffee? - _. I really dont mind. A. Both B. NoneC. EitherD. Neither - Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? - _ way as you

23、 please. AEachBEveryCAnyDEither 26. I had to buy _ these books because I didnt know which one was the best. A. both B. none C. neither D. allACCD 1）both ，either ， neither 。使用范围为两个人或物。Neither of the two boys is clever.注意注意 both，either 的用法区别：的用法区别： both与复数连用，either与单数连用。Both the boys are clever. Both

24、of the boys are clever. Either boy is clever. Either of the two boys is clever. There are flowers on both sides of the street.=? There are flowers on either side of the street. 2）all ，any ，none 。 使用范围为三者以上。 All the flowers are gone. I dont like any of the flowers. I like none of the flowers.注意注意：all

25、 与与 none 用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词数名词，用复数动词。All of the students are there. All (of) the milk is there.G、few, little, a few, a little, a bit Although hes wealthy，he spends _ on clothes. A. little B. fewC. a little D. a fewA1. (a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词 quite a few , quit

26、e a little a few / a little ;few / little如： He has a few friends.He has few friends. 2. a bit of + 不可数名词 not a little = much; not a bit = not at all There is only a bit of ink in the bottle. We are not a little tired because we have been working for almost twenty hours. Although he had walked a long

27、 way, he didnt feel tired a bit.考题点击：考题点击：1) - Did you go on many of the hunting trips? - No, _. A. not much B. little at all C. fewer D. very few2) - Are you feeling tired after the game? - _. In fact, I feel quite relaxed. A. Not a little B. Not a bit C. Not little D. Not bit3) Tom never goes out

28、to eat because he has _ money. A. fewB. littleC. a littleD. a few4) _ friends Betty had made there were all invited to her birthday party. A. Few of B. Few C. The few D. A fewDBBC H. no和和none no等于not any，作定语。 none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可。 There is no water in the bottle.-How much water is

29、 there in the bottle? - None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. - Victor certainly cares too much about himself.- Yes. Hes never interested in what _ is doing. A. no one else B. anyone else C. someone else D. nobody else else 常与不定代词连用，用来表示常与不定代词连用，用来表示“别的别的人或人或物物no one else = nobo

30、dy else，表示，表示“没别的人没别的人”，someone else 表示表示“别的某个人别的某个人”, anyone else 表示表示“别的任何人别的任何人”。 If this dictionary is not yours，_can it be? Awhat else Bwho else Cwhich elses Dwho elses 除了不定代词外，另一种可以与除了不定代词外，另一种可以与else连用的词就是疑问词。连用的词就是疑问词。else 结构的所有格是在结构的所有格是在else后加后加-s。 1. it作人称代词,代替前面提到的事物.2. it指代时间,季节,距离.3. i

31、t作形式宾语,常用在6123结构中.(think , find, make, believe, )4. it作形式主语. 当动名词,不定式,从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语.5. It is that.的强调句型.内容提要内容提要1代替上文中提到过的人或事物。例如：Who is the baby? Its my teachers sonWho is that gentleman?Its my friend, TomHe wants to see you 【典型例题典型例题】 The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work

32、 before they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which B B2用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季节等。 Its half an hours walk from here to our school Its nice and warm hereBut its two oclock now, and its time for us to go to school . .It is time ( about time ,high time ) that . Its high time that we left.It is the first

33、( second . ) time that . Its the first time that I have been praised.It is . since . Its three years since they got married.It is / was . when . It was 1949 when the PRC was founded.It is / was . before . It will be two years before we meet again.3. We think it important to learn a foreign language.

34、 it 作形式宾语的常用动词think, believe, make, find, consider, feel； 4. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. It 做形式主语，形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词，常见的形容词有： important, necessary, natural easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult ,dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，在中

35、的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the partyIt作形式主语时的几个常见句型作形式主语时的几个常见句型: . It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 表示逻辑主语特征的形容词，如：cruel , foolish ,good （好心的）, nice（有养的）, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to d

36、o sth. . It takes sb. . to do sth. “做要花某人” It took me ages to repair my computer. It is no good (use ) doing sth. no good , no use , no value, no importance Its no use crying over the spilt milk. It doesnt matter whether ( if ) . 不论（是否）没关系 It doesnt matter whether he is for my plan or not. It happen

37、s (seems, appears ) that. It happened that I had seen this problem in some book. It is said (reported, learned.) that . It is said that he has gone to New York to attend a medical meeting. . It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . It is a pity that we have lost the match with a close score. It is importan

38、t ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) that .（should） . It is suggested ( ordered . ) that .(should). It is up to sb. to do sth. 今天应由他做教室清洁。It is up to him to clean our classroom today. It is up to parents to teach their children manners. 5. It is + 被强调部分 + that .: It is not until + 被强调部分被强调部分 + t

39、hat . 5. It is + 被强调部分 + that .: It is not until + 被强调部分被强调部分 + that . 1.It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with face and an hour hand was made AthatBuntil CbeforeDwhen 2. _computers play such an important part in our daily life?AWhy it is thatBWhy is it thatCWhy was it that DWhy is it B BA A3. It was only when I reread his poems recently _I began to appreciate their beauty Auntil BthatCthenDso4. It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages_ attracted the audiences interest. A. so that B. that C. what D. in whichB BB B