新概念英语第二册(43页).doc

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1、-新概念英语第二册背诵大赛课文详解 为了“新东方杯”新概念背诵大赛的参赛者能更透彻地理解文章精华，武汉新东方新概念部的老师们特意为大家准备了新概念英语第二册指定背诵篇目的全面分析，深厚的文化背景和精彩绝伦的语句详解一定不会让你失望。 新概念英语第二册指定10篇参赛文章详解? Lesson 38 Everything except the weather Background knowledge 英国天气实在太古怪了。也许这一刻阳光普照，下一刻就有可能刮风下雨，也可能会下大雪；今天是夏天，明天有可能就变成冬天，也可能是春天。说变就变，刚才还是晴空万里，转眼间就乌云密布，当你还在犹豫出门是不是应该

2、带伞的时候，雨水已经开始亲吻大地了。有时候雨会断断续续下很久，因为常是小雨或中雨，淋一下不要紧。而雨大时风也太大，很容易就能把伞掀翻吹破，所以英国人不爱撑伞，都直接让雨淋着，偶尔看见有撑伞的，也只是上了年纪的老太太。他们和平时一样，迈着同样的步伐，怀着同样的心情，并没有因为天气而发生变化。 英国人见面寒暄以“今天天气”为开场白，和中国人以“吃了么”打招呼一样自然，表明了长期以来，英人对天气的关心程度不亚于国人对吃饭问题的关心。不过现在这种传统似渐渐消失，并非天气变好了，而是交通工具发达，暖气设施无处不在，防水外套花样也不少，人们出门带不带雨具，穿多穿少没多大关系。 New words and

3、expressions except prep. 除之外 比较：except 和 besides except prep. 除之外 (不包含该介词的宾语在内) All the students go to park, except John. 除了约翰以外，所有的学生都去公园了。（约翰没去） We go to school every day except Sunday. (星期日不上学) besides prep. 除之外还有（包含该介词的宾语在内） All the students go to park, besides John. 除了约翰以外，所有的学生都去公园了。（约翰也去了） We

4、 go to school every day besides Sunday. (星期日也要上学) 比较：except, except for 和apart from except 不可放在句首，放在句首用 Except for, 或者是Apart from . Except for (Apart from) some spelling mistakes, his composition is excellent. Mediterranean n.地中海（= the Mediterranean Sea, 位于欧, 亚, 非三大洲之间）,地中海沿岸的居民 adj.地中海的, 地中海民族的 com

5、plain v. 抱怨, 悲叹, 控诉 They complained that the price of books had increased. complain of 诉说 The patient complained of headache. complain about/at sth. 抱怨 They always complain about the weather. complaint n. 诉苦, 抱怨, 牢骚, 委屈, 疾病 I have no complaints to make. continually adv. 不断地, 频繁地 比较：continually 和 con

6、tinuously continually 时断时续，在一段时间内多次发生 It rained continually. (雨下会停会，总的来说，一直在下) continuously 没有间断，连续不断的 It rained continuously. (雨一直下，从不停顿) bitterly adv. 苦苦地, 悲痛的, 厉害的 cry bitterly 痛哭 The students complain bitterly about their living conditions. 学生们对其住宿条件十分不满。 bitter adj. 苦的, 痛苦的, 怀恨的 bitter tears 辛酸

7、泪，血泪；bear bitter hardships 含辛茹苦 If he failed, it could be a bitter disappointment to his parents. 如果他失败，那将会使他的父母失望。 n. 苦味 taste the sweets and bitters of life 备尝人生的甘苦 sunshine n. 阳光 构词形式：n. + n. The land will start dry with some sunshine. 阳光使地面开始变干。 sunrise n. 日出 We got up at sunrise. 我们在日出时起床。 suns

8、et n. 日落, 晚年 the sunset of life 晚年 The builders stop work at sunset. 施工人员在日落时停止了工作。 We sat on the beach and watched the sunset. 我们坐在海滩上看日落。 Notes on the Text 1. My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. 1) 主句谓语动词 had lived 为过去完成时，表示live 这个动

9、作发生在过去之过去；before 引导的从句中的谓语动词 returned 是一般过去时。 The thieves had already gone before Mr. Smith came downstairs. 在史密斯先生下楼前，小偷已经跑了。 2) my old friend 和 Harrison 为同位语。 I have just received a letter form my brother, Tim. (Lesson 4) He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small

10、town in the center of Australia. (Lesson 4) 2. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. 1) 这句话是以 and 连接的并列句，句中的两个谓语动词（had dreamed & had planned）均为过去完成时。 2) dream of 梦见；幻想，向往 I little dreamed of it. 我做梦都没有想到。 I always dream of returning home. 我经常想到回家乡

11、的情景。 3) plan to do 计划做 We plan to spend our holiday in Europe. 我们打算去欧洲度假。 4) settle down 定居, 平静下来, 专心于 settle (oneself) down to work 3. He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there. 1) no soonerthan 一就：no sooner 引导的部分用过去完成时；than 引导的部分用一般过去时。如果把No sooner 放到句首，它引导的部分要主谓倒装。 I

12、 had no sooner left the house, than it began to rain. 我一出门就下雨了。 We had no sooner hung the picture on the wall, than it fell down. = No sooner had we hung the picture on the wall, than it fell down. 我刚把照片挂到墙上，它就掉了下来。 4. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was

13、 still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. 1) “almost immediately he began to complain about the weather”是整句话的主句，for 在句子中是连词，表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句 “for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold”，在这个从句中 “it rained continually and it was

14、often bitterly cold”是主句，“even though it was still summer”为让步状语从句，句中 “even though” 意思是“即使，虽然”。 2) even though = even if “即使，虽然” I will not finish the work, even if (though) I dont sleep tonight. 即使（就算）晚上不睡觉，我也完成不了工作。 5. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. 1) as if/though 引导方式状语从句，译为“

15、好像”。 He speaks English as if (though) he were an Englishman. 他说英语就好像他是英国人一样。 He raised his hand as if (though) to take off his hat. 他举起手好像要摘下他的帽子。 6. In the end, it was more than he could bear. 1) in the end 最后，终归 In the end we won the battle. 我们最终赢得了战役。 2) more than 超过的范围 He is more than pleased. 他

16、十二分高兴。 7. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. 1) hardlywhen 一就：hardly 引导的部分用过去完成时；when 引导的部分用一般过去时。如果把Hardly 放到句首，它引导的部分要主谓倒装。比较no soonerthan. I had hardly left the house, when it began to rain. We had hardly hung the picture on the wall, when it fell d

17、own. = Hardly had we hung the picture on the wall, when it fell down. Lesson 54 Sticky fingers New words and expressions sticky adj. 粘的, 粘性的；天气温热的（让人感到身上粘乎乎的） The glue makes my fingers sticky. The dog-days (大热天，三伏天) makes us feel sticky. 天狼星在英文里叫“the Dog Star”。在每年的7月到9月之间，天狼星在太阳升起之前出现在天际，停留几分钟至太阳升起一

18、会儿就消失了。天狼星虽然在天际停留的时间很短，但它比任何其他天体都明亮（比太阳都亮得多），所以以前的人认为是因为它的出现才使天气更加炎热，所以人们用“the dog-days”来表示“大热天，三伏天”。 stick n. 棍, 棒, 手杖 gather sticks to make a fire 拾柴生火 v. 粘住, 粘贴 stick a stamp on a letter 在信封上贴邮票 stick to 坚持 stick to ones work / promise / belief / decision / principles 坚持工作 / 信守诺言 / 坚定信仰 / 坚守决定 /

19、坚持原则 stick to the original 忠于原文 finger n. 手指 the little finger 小拇指；the ring finger 无名指； the middle finger 中指；the index finger 食指；thumb 大拇指 His fingers are all thumbs. 他笨手笨脚的。 keep ones fingers crossed 祈求成功（由于耶稣的十字架被视为辟邪的象征，所以“交叉手指”被用来祈求幸运和辟邪） I keep my fingers crossed that you may achieve what you d

20、ream of. pie n. 馅饼, 喜鹊, 爱说话的人 an apple-pie 苹果派 have a finger in the pie 染指，参与某事 pie in the sky 不能保证实现的承诺 She can talk for the whole day, just like a pie. 她整天说话，像只喜鹊。 mix v. 使混和, 混淆, 混合 You cant mix oil with water. 你不能把油和水混合起来。 mix up 调好，拌好 be mixed up in /with a quarrel 参与争吵 up 表示“彻底，完全” eat up 吃光；d

21、rink up 喝光 mixture n. 混合, 混合物, 混合剂 People are a mixture of good and evil. 人有好坏。 pastry n. 面粉糕饼, 馅饼皮 paste n. 糊, 面团, 黏土团 toothpaste 牙膏 Mix the powder with enough water to make a smooth paste. 在面粉里加入适量的水才能揉出好面。 vt. 用浆糊粘, 张贴 paste the poster on the wall 把海报贴在墙上 annoying adj. 恼人的, 讨厌的 The annoying thing

22、 is that he is usually right. 每次都是他对，真令人讨厌。 annoyed adj. （人）感到生气，讨厌的 She is annoyed with him for forgetting to phone. 他没给她电话让她感到生气。 receiver n. 听筒，接受者, 接收器, 收信机 pick up the receiver 拿起听筒 （反）hung up the receiver 放下（挂上）听筒 dismay v. 使沮丧, 使惊慌 be dismayed at the news听到消息惊慌起来 n. 沮丧, 惊慌 be struck with dism

23、ay at the news 听到消息惊慌起来 They stared at each other in dismay. 他们沮丧地互相看着。 to ones dismay 使人沮丧的是 To my dismay, I failed my final examination. recognize v. 认可, 承认, 公认, 赏识 She recognized her old classmate as soon as she saw him. recognition n. 承认；认可 persuade v. 说服, 劝说, (使)相信, 劝某人做(不做)某事 persuade sb.to do

24、 sth. 说服某人做某事 I have persuaded him to do this. persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事 We tried to persuade him into doing this, but he would not listen to us. persuade sb. out of doing sth. 劝说某人不做某事 We have persuaded him out of these odd ideas. 我们已经劝说让他放弃这些古怪的念头。 persuade sb. of 使信服，使同意 persuade sb. t

25、hat 使某人相信 mess n. 混乱, 脏乱 I made a mess of my exam. 我考试考得一团糟。 My room is in a mess. 我的房间乱七八糟。 I am in a mess. 我感到困惑。 v. 弄乱 mess up 弄乱 She felt he had messed up her whole life. 她觉得他毁了她的生活。 doorknob n. 门把手doorbell 构词形式为 n.+n. doorbell 门铃, doorman 守卫，看门人 moonwalk 月球行走，honeymoon 蜜月，nickname 绰号 sign n. 标记

26、, 符号, 记号, 征兆, 迹象, 征候 A dark cloud is a sign of rain. 乌云是下雨的迹象。 They showed every sign of being willing to study English. 他们表露出愿意学习英语的迹象。 v. 签名(于), 署名(于), 签署 sign a treaty 在条约上签字 register n. 记录, 登记簿, 登记, 注册, 寄存器 vt. 记录, 登记, 注册, 提示, 把.挂号 register a birth 登记出生； register trade-marks with the office 向机关注

27、册商标 vi. 登记, 注册, 挂号 register at a hotel 在旅馆登记 You forgot to sign the check! 你忘记签支票了。 Notes on the Text 1. After breakfast, I sent the children to school and then I went to the shops. 1) after breakfast 是时间状语，and 连接并列句。 2) go to the shops = go shopping 购物 2. The children were at school, my husband was

28、 at work and the house was quiet. 1) 这句话含三个简单句，用 and 连接，and 要放在后两个简单句之间；前两个简单句之间打逗号。 She entered the classroom, found a seat and sat down. He got up, cleaned his teeth and washed his face (before he went to work). 2) be at school 在上学；be at work 在上班 3. So I decided to make some meat pies. 1) decide 决

29、定，下决心 I have decided to study English well. 同义表达还有 make up ones mind I have made up my mind to study English well. 4. In a short time I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry. 1) in a short time 是时间状语 (= in a short while)，后面是and 连接的并列句。 2) be busy doing 忙于

30、做某事 I am busy finishing my homework. 5. At exactly that moment, the telephone rang. 1) at this / that moment 正在这 / 那时 John is listening to the radio at this moment. 约翰这时正在听收音机。 At that moment, we heard a knock on the door. 正在那时，我们听到敲门声。 2) exactly 恰恰，正 （用以加强语气） Thats exactly what I want. 这正是我想要的。 He

31、 gave exactly the reply they wanted to hear. 他的答复正是他们想听到的。 6. Nothing could have been more annoying. 没有什么能比这更令人讨厌的了。 1) 这个句型值得套用： Nothing could have been more interesting / amusing / moving / embarrassing. 没有什么能比这更有趣/好笑/令人感动/令人尴尬的了。 Nothing could have been better. 再没有更好的了。 7. It took me ten minutes

32、to persuade her to ring back later. 1）句子中it 为先行主语，实际主语是to persuade 这个不定式短语。 It is very important to memorize this article. 背诵这篇课文很重要。 2）It took / takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花多少时间做某事。 It took me three days to finish the model. 8. There was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone, and on the door

33、knobs. 1）三个on 的介词短语并列，后两个之间用 and 连接。 There are people everywhere, in the hall, out the hall and even on the ground outside the hall. 到处都是人。大厅里，大厅外，甚至是厅外的广场上都是。 9. I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead. 1) no sooner than 一就 （参考Lesson 38） 2) be eno

34、ugh to do 足以 It is enough (for us) to eat. 这足够我们吃了。 The water in the swimming pool is warm enough (for you) to swim. 泳池的水足够热，可以游泳了。 3) the dead 定冠词(the) + 形容词，用来表示一类人 the rich 富人；the poor 穷人；the good 好人；the evil 坏人 The rich should help the poor. 富人要帮助穷人。 The good should punish the evil. 好人要惩罚坏人。 Les

35、son 75 背景知识： 可能大家都知道S.O.S.是一种求救信号，并由此联想到了历史上最大的悲剧性海难泰坦尼克沉船事件，在为那些屈死的灵魂深感惋惜的同时，也在心里埋怨当时没有能够及时发出海难求救信号，其他船只和海上救援组织没有及时施救。很多人都以为S.O.S.是由一些单字的首字母缩写而成，如Save Our Souls（拯救我们的生命！），Save Our Ship（拯救我们的船只！），Stop Other Signals（停止发送任何其他信号！），Sure Of Sinking（船就要沉了！）等。但是，真是这样的吗？ 其实，S.O.S.只不过是国际莫尔斯电码救难信号，并非任何单字的缩写。鉴

36、于当时海难事件频繁发生，往往由于不能及时发出求救信号和最快组织施救，结果造成很大的人员伤亡和财产损失，国际无线电报公约组织于1908年正式将它确定为国际通用海难求救信号。这三个字母组合没有任何实际意义，只是因为它的电码 .-.（三个圆点，三个破折号，然后再加三个圆点）在电报中是发报方最容易发出，并且接报方最容易辨识的电码。在此之前，国际公海海难求救信号为C.Q.D.。这三个字母也没有任何实际意义，尽管很多人认为它是Come Quickly, Danger.（快来，危险！）的首字母缩写。虽然年国际无线电报公约组织已经明确规定应用S.O.S.作为海难求救信号，但C.Q.D.仍然有人使用。泰坦尼克海

37、难发生初期，其他船只和救助组织之所以没有能够及时组织施救，主要是因为他们不明白船上发报员开始发出的过时的C.Q.D.求救信号。直到整个船只都快没入大海才发出了S.O.S.求救信号，但到了此时谁还能有如此的回天之力，拯救那些无辜的即将永远葬身海底的灵魂呢？ 让我们在记住S.O.S.的同时，一并记住以下这几个单词吧：SEND（送出），DOCTOR（医生），HELP（帮助），INJURY（受伤），TRAPPED（被困），LOST（迷失），WATER（水）。 课文注释： 1. light: 我们最为熟悉的词义是“轻的，不重的”，例如：The basket is very light; I can ea

38、sily pick it up.（篮子很轻，我可以很容易地拿起来。）在这里，light则表示“轻型的，轻载的”，比方说：a light truck.（轻型卡车），light tanks（轻型坦克）。 2. passenger plane: 客机，处此以外，我们还需掌握其他一些常见的表示“飞机”的单词： aircraft指“能够在空中飞行的机器或装置”，也就是我们常说的“飞行器，航行器”，是各种各样的飞机或者飞船的总称。而airplane或者aeroplane 英式 则是对各类飞机的总称，也就是说aircraft = airplane + airship（飞船）。此外，glider指“滑翔机”，

39、jet plane指“喷气式飞机”，push-button plane指“无人驾驶飞机”，而helicopter则表示“直升飞机”。 3. passenger（乘客），air hostess（空姐），pilot（飞行员） 4. flew off course: 飞机偏离航道。course在前几个单元里曾经出现过的意思有“课程，科目”，如：I took part in a short-term course. （我参加了一个短期培训班。）；或者表示“一道菜”，如：The main course is served after the starter.（主菜要在开胃菜之后上。）；或者表示“过程，经

40、过，进展”，in/ during the course of（在期间），如：They quarreled in the course of discussion.（他们在讨论的时候争吵起来了。） 5. some time ago表示“不久前”= before long；而sometime则表示“在过去或将来某个不确定的时间”，如：Lets get together sometime.（让我们日后再相聚。） 6. only表示“唯一的”，一般来说后面接单数可数名词，如：He is the only child at home.（他是个独生子女。）这里the only passengers则表明飞

41、机上有且仅有三名乘客，而a young woman and her baby daughters在此处作主语的同位语。 7. in the middle of winter表示“正值隆冬季节”；同样的，我们有in the early winter（恰逢初冬），或者in the late winter。 8. 英语中有以下三组形似的单词，希望能引起大家的注意： lie?lied?lied?lying说谎 lie?lay?lain?lying 平躺，卧；位于，处于（某一位置） lay?laid?laid?laying放置，铺设；下蛋，产(卵) lie作为一个规则动词，表示“说谎”，例如：Darli

42、ng, Im sorry I lied to you.（亲爱的，我很抱歉向你撒了谎。）而lie作为一个不规则动词，则表示“躺；位于”，例如：The little boy was lying in the shade of the tree.（那个小男孩正躺在树荫下。）或者The factory lies to the west of town.（工厂在小镇的西边。）而lay作为一个规则动词，其动词原形恰好与lie的过去式相同，它表示“放；下蛋”，如：Will you please lay the table for dinner? (请你摆好餐具准备吃饭好吗?)或者The hen laid t

43、hree eggs.（母鸡下了三个蛋。） 9. thick除了表示“厚的，粗的”，如：ice 5 centimeters thick（5厘米厚的冰），还可以表示“浓稠的，茂密的”， 如：thick soup（浓汤），thick mist（浓雾），thick forest（茂密的森林） 10. When it grew dark: 当夜幕降临时，这里的grow是一个系动词，后面直接跟形容词作表语，表示“变的”，与be动词相比，更加强调由一种状态变化到另一种状态的过程，类似的系动词还有turn，fall，become，get，如：Her face turned red at the sight o

44、f her boyfriend.（她一看见她的男朋友就脸红。）It is getting colder and colder.（天气渐渐变冷了。） 11. covering them with all the clothes she could find: 把所有能找到的衣服都盖在了孩子身上，这里的动词-ing作状语，表示一种伴随性的状态。 12. kept as near as she could to the children: 尽可能的靠近孩子，as as 是英语中一个常见的结构，例如：as cold as ice（冷若冰霜），as clear as day（一清二楚的），as dark

45、 as night（漆黑）等。 13. wonder表示“觉得奇怪，惊奇”，常与at或者that连用，如：I wonder that each man speaks a different language in England.（我感到十分惊奇的是，在英国每个人都说着一种语言。） 或者I wonder at his rudeness.（我对他的粗鲁感到奇怪。）wonder还可以用作一个名词，表示“奇观，壮举，奇才”，例如：the Seven Wonders of the World（世界七大奇观） l、背景知识：世界七大奇观： 公元前2世纪，西顿城的一位旅行家把他在旅途中所见到的最好、最奇丽的文物古迹，经过对比排列，选出了七个，编排出了第一个“世界七大奇迹”的名单(据说“七”是以天上北斗七星之义)：埃及的金字塔、巴比伦的空中花园、奥林匹亚的宙斯神庙、爱菲萨斯的第安娜神庙、哈力卡那斯陵墓、爱琴海的罗得斯铜像和亚历山大港大灯塔。由于当时中国尚未与外国有多少交往，堪称当时世界奇迹的长城，未能列入。到了公元15世纪前后，这七大奇迹中除金字塔之外，几乎已经不存在了，于是又有一些旅行家重新编制了一个世界七大奇迹的名单。他们是：罗马大斗兽场、亚历山大里亚地下陵墓、中国万里长城、英国巨石建设围圈、中国南京琉璃塔、比萨斜塔、索非亚大教堂。把