新视界大学英语第2册第6单元课文翻译及练习答案(5页).doc

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1、-新视界大学英语综合教程第六单元课文翻译及练习答案 Active Reading “懦夫”是赢家，“硬汉”是输家“如果你第一次没有成功，那就再试一次吧，”喜剧演员W C菲尔德斯说，“如果还是没有成功，那就放弃吧。傻瓜一样地不肯放弃是毫无意义的。 ”嗯，是的，在某种程度上是这样的，但是我们都知道放弃有个正确时机和错误时机的问题。根据新的研究，知道什么时候放弃不可能实现的目标的人，即所谓的“懦夫”，其身心要比不惜任何代价而坚持下去的“硬汉”健康。自从制宪元勋们来到美国，我们的孩子们就一直被灌输在面对生活中的困难时坚持不懈的价值。这种永不言败的精神在一句19世纪的名言中得到了最佳体现：“如果你第一次

2、没有成功，那就再试一次吧。”可要试多少次再放弃才比较合适呢？有很多研究都是关于这个问题的，尤其是关于决心与健康之间可能存在关系的问题。一方面，从长远来看，坚持和自律似乎增加了你成功的几率，同时，个人的成功与身体的健康也似乎密切相关。想想你所知道的成功人士，回顾一下他们的一生。他们总是很清楚自己的人生方向吗？既然现在已经成功了，他们就幸福、健康吗？有些人也许是的。然而，如果成功是很不确定的，那又该怎么办呢？例如，一个普通运动员想成为奥运会金牌获得者。太过于坚持有可能会对你的健康产生负面影响吗？通过一系列的心理学实验，科学家格雷戈里米勒和卡斯滕罗奇提出了一种区分“硬汉”和“懦夫”这两类人的方法。研

3、究表明， “懦夫”通常比“硬汉”健康。米勒和罗奇针对皮肤病、睡眠不好和头疼等相对轻微的疾病做了研究，发现“懦夫”患病的几率比“硬汉”低。此外，“硬汉”长时间处于压力之下，体内一种蛋白质的含量处于更高水平，这可能意味着他们患有严重的疾病，包括糖尿病和心脏病这些致命的疾病。科学家们也注意到，“硬汉”和“懦夫”的区别还在于在放弃某些重要的东西后他们是否愿意追求新的目标。他们发现，那些迅速重返生活的人有着更强的目标性，而且很少去想过去了的事情。设定新目标让他们免受失败情绪的影响，这对那些难以承认失败的“硬汉”们尤为重要。那么，为什么“硬汉”们最后会说“够了，够了”呢？实际上，他们似乎是经历了轻度的消沉

4、才恢复了体力。一些人会经历一段消极期，在此期间他们什么事都不做。但是从积极的方面来看，他们被迫停下来，重新评估自己的生活。渐渐地，他们对世界的态度变得更实际。从人类进化论的角度来说，科学家们认为，消沉在告诉我们要放慢节奏，审时度势，谨慎小心。抑郁实际上能让我们大多数人放弃不切实际的争夺奥运会金牌的念头，从而有助于保护人类。给自己设定目标肯定是很重要的。对于年轻人来说，这是他们在世上确立个人特质的一部分。但是随着年龄的增长，当我们发现要么实现不了这些目标，要么被别的更重要的目标吸引了，我们就会调整期望或者放弃这些目标。我们因为更想照料新组建的家庭而放弃了辉煌的职业计划。我们因为要生存而选择停止了

5、学业。结果，我们在生活中发现了更可行的目标，它们比之前的更适合我们的现状。所以，当我们从梦想中走出的同时，我们也长大了。也许我们应该重写那句名言。“如果你第一次没成功，那就再试一次吧。即使你又失败了，你也不会总失败的。听从身心的指引。那是你作为一个人可以找到成功的地方，那是人类赖以生存的地方。”Dealing with Unfamiliar Words Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.1. comic 2. feasible 3. assess 4. desirable5. persist

6、 6. sequence 7. readily Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. 1. exhibit 2. glorious 3. category 4. depression5. differ 6. indicate 7. cultivate Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in the box.1. findings 2. Previous 3. determination 4. dist

7、inguished 5. linked6. specifically 7. considerable 8. liable 9. consequentlyLanguage in Use Now form adjectives with -able to describe the people and things, and check your answers with the dictionary.1. acceptable 2. dependable 3. desirable4. comparable 5. breakable 6. predictable Now complete the

8、sentences using wh- clauses.1. how 2. how 3. where 4. what 5. when 6. why Now rewrite the sentences using have a hard / difficult / easy time doing something.1. We had a hard / difficult time carrying out this research.We didnt have an easy time carrying out this research.2. You will have an easy ti

9、me relaxing in this university.You wont have a hard / difficult time relaxing in this university.3. Quitters have a hard / difficult time staying in the same job. Quitters dont have an easy time staying in the same job.4. I am having a hard / difficult time getting used to my new PC. I am not having

10、 an easy time getting used to my new PC.5. She had a hard / difficult time accepting that she could never be an Olympic athlete. She didnt have an easy time accepting that she could never be an Olympic athlete. 6. He had an easy time finding a new job. He didnt have a hard /difficult time finding a

11、new job. Now rewrite the sentences using Theres no point (in) doing something.1. Theres no point (in) writing too much on this topic. 2. There was no point (in) speaking to your friends about this problem because they wouldnt understand. 3. Theres no point (in) keeping on applying for this job as yo

12、u wont get it.4. Theres no point (in) getting angry about this, since it wont do you any good. 5. Theres no point (in) trying to phone because the lines down. 6. Theres no point (in) worrying; youll only make things worse. Now complete the sentences.1. I have found a copy2. you are all here3. my mar

13、ks have begun to improve4. the examinations are over5. the big project has been finished6. you have lots of money Translate the sentences into Chinese.1. 根据新的研究，知道什么时候放弃不可能实现的目标的人，即所谓的“懦夫”，其身心要比不惜任何代价而坚持下去的“硬汉”健康。2. 一方面，从长远来看，坚持和自律似乎增加了你成功的几率，同时，个人的成功与身体的健康也似乎密切相关。3. 从人类进化论的角度来说，科学家们认为，消沉在告诉我们要放慢节奏，

14、审时度势，谨慎小心。4. 但是随着年龄的增长，当我们发现要么实现不了这些目标，要么被别的更重要的目标吸引了，我们就会调整期望或者放弃这些目标。5. 结果，我们在生活中发现了更可行的目标，它们比之前的更适合我们的现状。 Translate the sentences into English.1. Theres no point in arguing with him anymore; he will not change it once he has made a decision.2. Those who set themselves goals are more likely to suc

15、ceed in the long term.3. Considerable research indicated that too much pressure has a negative effect on both mental and physical health. 4. In the face of increasing pressure of big cities, more and more people are moving to small towns.5. Now that you have set goals for yourself, move on towards y

16、our goals whatever difficulty you may encounter. Further Reading心理对生理的影响安慰剂效应 迈克尔是当地医院的常客，他经常半夜里来到医院，抱怨自己头疼得厉害，要求打一针，这种药以前对他很有用。一天晚上，值班医生给他打的不是那种药，而是一针生理盐水盐水而已，竟然起作用了。医生对他说明了，以为这样能使他相信他的问题是心理上的。但迈克尔却说：“我下次可以用这种新药吗？它真的很有效！”迈克尔的这种现象被称为安慰剂效应，即某种虚假的东西在这个病例中是生理盐水因为某个人相信它，就似乎成真的了。在这个案例中，安慰剂效应从两个方面起了作用。第一，

17、医生用它来证明精神力量对迈克尔身体的作用；第二，尽管医生作了解释，即使药的效果是想象出来的，迈克尔还是很相信它，连生理上的痛苦也渐渐消除了。然而，安慰剂效应只是一种更广泛的、被称为身心效应现象的一部分。身心效应是指信念和恐惧对生理健康的影响，它被描述成希望的一种特殊形式。几个世纪以来，内科医生和大多数公众都意识到良好的情绪的重要性，我们都在有意或无意中了解到我们的思想、感情和行为是怎么来让我们感觉更良好，同时也了解到怎样通过某些策略来对抗疲惫和压力，如调整呼吸，让自己放松。然而，安慰剂效应仍然是身心效应中最神秘的地方之一。事实上，它有各种各样的用处。具体来说，白色糖片的安慰剂效应比绿色糖片差，

18、当然糖片没有什么治疗伤病的特性。胶囊比片剂的效果好。一天一片不如一天三片效果好。贵的片剂疗效比便宜的好。打一针要比片剂或胶囊更能给人留下强烈印象，因此疗效要比安慰剂药片好。外科安慰手术是安慰治疗中的上策，其实外科医生只在病人身上开了刀，其他什么也没有做。病人的反应让我们注意到安慰剂效应远不止身心健康这一范畴，还包括品牌效应或文化联想这些方面。一项实验表明，当病人拿到阿斯匹林药片，一个装在贴有品牌标签的瓶子里，一个装在没有贴标签的瓶子里，如果病人认得那个牌子，药的疗效会更好，即使两瓶药的有效成分完全一样。治疗焦虑症的药片通常都是绿色的，因为绿色和平静、平和有关；止痛药则常常以红色和橙色的盒子包装

19、。安慰剂效应超越了药物的化学疗效：它在形式上和文化方面所起的治疗意义更为重要。此外，既然安慰剂实际上是虚假的东西，它造成了一个道德上的两难境地：医生应该欺骗他们的病人吗？欺骗的话当然会破坏我们对于药物的信念，并且会挑战医生的行为准则。至少迈克尔的医生在治疗后向他坦白了。但她一开始该不该这么做呢？对身心效应最新的认识让医生和病人知道，他们之间的关系经历了一个变化。这种关系不再仅仅局限于人体对化学药物的反应，而是变成了医生与病人互动的人际关系。医生是照顾和帮助我们的人。正是这种关系能向我们解释病因，告诉我们怎么才能康复。我们得到了希望、支持，感受到人与人之间的温暖，治疗的意义变得比化学作用更重要了

20、，这可能会促成真正的反应：我们的脉搏率下降了，我们放松下来，压力也降低了。一旦医生开始利用安慰剂效应，而且病人对此有了反应，整个社会就会更清楚地意识到身心效应的广泛程度。在这样一个社会中，普通人也就会更清楚地认识到情感的健康问题，以及情感健康对于生理健康的影响。当所有这一切都成了大家的共识，整个社会也会变得更加健康。 Check the true statements.The true Statements are 1, 3, 4, 6 and 8. Choose the best answer to the questios.1. c 2. a 3. a 4. d 5. a 6. dDeal

21、ng with unfamiliar words Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1. inferior to 2. severe 3. conduct 4. fake medicines5. intensify 6. highlighted 7. fatigue 8. tackle 9. fade Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the wo

22、rds in the box.1. genuine 2. phenomenon 3. interact 4. anxiety 5. convincing6. mysterious 7. undermine 8. deceive 9. undergoGuided Writing Complete the sentences with the words and expressions in the box. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.1. as well as / in addition to2. In addition / Whats

23、 more / Furthermore 3. as well as Complete the paragraph with the words and expressions in the box. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.1. As well as / In addition to 2. But they 3. as well 4. Whats more Write a passage about A Traditional Way of Relaxing.Tai chi is a traditional form of mart

24、ial arts, which involves slow and controlled movements of the arms and legs while remaining on one spot. It dates back at least 1,000 years, to the time of the Song dynasty. You can practise tai chi in lots of places. In addition to public parks and other open spaces, you can also see people doing t

25、heir exercise on their balconies. There are many health benefits. As well as strengthening the muscles and improving the blood flow, tai chi also improves ones sense of balance. Furthermore, it helps the process of recovery after a stroke or heart attack. Whats more, it can counteract stress and mak

26、e people feel calm and relaxed. It is an ideal form of exercise. Extra writingDirections:Youre allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. Ive done it hundreds of t

27、ime.“ Youd write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.1. 坚强的意志是成功的重要保证；2. 意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命；3. 学生也是这样，不刻苦学习，终究不会成为有用之才。注：本题为2011年12月四级考试真题 There is an old saying: where there is a will, there is a way. It tells us that a strong will is the most essential quality that anyone who wants to achie

28、ve success. It can contribute a lot to ones success.Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong WillAlthough “All roads lead to Rome”, none of them is completely smooth. Our life is filled with obstacles which may make us feel so hopeless that we may choose to give up. At the crucial moment, strong will helps

29、 a lot. As a matter of fact, the ability to work through difficult situation and unfortunate events with strong will can make one stronger and more capable. In other words, if we want to realize lifes goal, we must keep forging ahead with strong consciousness.From what has been discussed above, we can see that the establishment of tough determination is of great importance to everyone. With a strong will, including our knowledge, we will be able to deal with any situation in our life. Whatever we do, as long as we stick to and do not give up easily, we will realize the goal at last. -第 5 页-