形容词副词地用法(16页).doc
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1、-形容词副词地用法-第 16 页形容词一、形容词的一般用法:形容词是指用来修饰、说明名词或不定代词,表示人或物的性质、特征和状态。一般放在它所修饰的名词前作定语,也可独立作表语或宾语补足语等。1.作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。Its a cold and windy day.2.作表语,放在系动词的后面。(look,feel,smell,sound.)He looks happy today.3.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。Would you like something hot to drink?4.表示
2、长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。How long is the river? Its about two hundred metres long.5.只能作表语的形容词:afraid;alone;asleep;awake;alive;well健康的;ill;frightenedThe man is ill.(正)The ill man is my uncle.(误)6.只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的My elder brother is in Beijing.(正)My brother is
3、elder. (误)7.貌似副词的形容词:lonely;friendly;lively;lovely二、形容词常用句型1.“Its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。=Sb +be +adj+to do sth注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good,kind,nice,polite ,clever ,foolish ,lazy ,careful,careless,right(正确的),wrong等。Its very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)2.“Its+a
4、dj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。=To do sth is adj for sb .注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important,necessary,difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting,impossible等。Its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)3.表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad,pleased,sa
5、d,thankful等常接不定式。Im very sad to hear the bad news.4.表示能力和意志的形容词,如ready(乐意的,有准备的),able(有能力的),sure(一定),certain(一定)等常接不定式。Lei Feng is always ready to help others.He is sure to get to school on time.注意:a.有些形容词只能作表语。如:alone, afraid, asleep等。如:That old man feelsalonebecause his children are out. Imafraidh
6、e cant come.b.形容词与不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等连用时,要放在这些词后面。如:There issomethingwrong with my DVD machine. Itsnothingserious.c.某些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或事物,其作用相当于一个名词。如:the young(年轻人),the poor(穷人), the rich(富人)d.如果有两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时,其前后排列顺序一般如下:限定词(a/the, this/some/her)+数量词(先序数词后基数词)+观点+大小+形
7、状+新旧+颜色+产地+材料+名词。如:a big old German computer 副词一、 副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为:方式副词:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly程度副词:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite地点副词:here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home时间副词:today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still频度副词:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never否定副词:no,not,neither,
8、nor疑问副词:where,how,why其他:also,too,only二、副词的基本用法:副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,有时也能修饰名词,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作、频度等,在句中主要用作状语。i.副词修饰动词,告诉我们动作是怎样进行的,什么时候进行或者在什么地方发生的,一般位于动词之后。如:They went to the parkearlyyesterday. We must studyhard.ii.副词修饰形容词或副词,则告诉我们这些形容词或副词的程度如何,一般位于这些词前。如:Michael Jordan jumpsveryhigh.Dai Yuqiang
9、 singsquitewell.注意:a副词表示频度修饰动词时,位于连系动词和助动词之后,行为动词之前。如:Mr. Wangusuallycomes to school on foot. The boy isoftenill.b. already和yet的区别:already用于陈述句,一般用于句中,但不能和时间状语放在一起,译为“已经”;yet用来谈某事在预料之中,用于疑问句时译为“已经”,但用在否定句中则译为“尚未,还没有”,一般都放于句末。如:The train hasalreadyarrived. I havealreadyread the book.Have you found yo
10、ur bookyet? I have not finished my homeworkyet.c. ever用于疑问句或带if的肯定句中或含hardly等否定意义的肯定句中,表示“曾经”一般要放在动词前面;它不用于现在完成时的简略回答,而要用Yes, I have或No, never表示。如:The old man hardlyevergoes out. (hardly ever可译为:几乎从不)“Have youeverbeen to the new library?” “No, never”.3形容词与副词的相互转变:形容词是用来修饰名词,副词是用来修饰动词,形容词或其它副词,它们在具体应
11、用中可以互相转化,规律如下:a.在形容词词尾直接加-ly,构成副词。如:usual-usually, bad-badly等。注:不是所有以-ly结尾的单词都是副词,某些名词后加-ly可以转化为形容词。如:sisterly, brotherly, friendly, comradely, lovely等。b.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词,变y为i,再加-ly,如:heavy-heavily, happy-happily等,并且要注意这些单词的变化:polite-politely, true-truly, terrible-terribly等。形容词的比较级和最高级的构成绝大多数形容词有三种形式,
12、原级,比较级和最高级。用以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。形容词的原级:形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。如: poor、tall、great、glad、bad等。形容词的比较级和最高级:形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。分为规则变化和不规则变化两类。规则变化如下:1、单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er和-est构成。如:great (原级)- greater (比较级)- greatest (最高级)2、以-e结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-r和-st构成。如:wide (原级) -wider (比较级)- widest
13、 (最高级)3、少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-er和-est构成。如:clever(原级) - cleverer (比较级)- cleverest (最高级)4、以-y结尾,但-y前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y去掉,加上-ier和-est构成.如:happy (原级) - happier (比较级)- happiest (最高级)5、以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est。如:big (原级) - bigger (比较级) - biggest (最高级)6
14、、某些双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more和most加在形容词前面来构成。如:careful (原级) - more careful (比较级)- most careful (比较级)beautiful (原级) - more beautiful (比较级)- most beautiful (比较级)difficult (原级)-more difficult (最高级)- mostdifficult (最高级)注:形容词前若加上less和least则表示“较不”和“最不”。如:important重要less important较不重要least important最不重要常用的不规
15、则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:原级 比较级 最高级Good /well (健康的,身体好的) better bestMany/much more mostBad/badly/ill worse worstlittle less leastfar farther/further farthest/furthest形容词、副词比较级的重难点一、as + adj. / adv. + as或not so (as ) + adj. / adv. + as句型。该句型常用来描述两个比较对象在程度上的相似或不同之处(即平时说的等级比较和不等级比较)。如:The building is as high as
16、 that tower.这座大楼和那座塔一样高。My computer is not so(as) expensive as yours.我的电脑不如你的贵重。二、as many / few +可数名词复数+ as或 as much / little +不可数名词+ as 结构。前者描述数目上的接近;后者描述量的相近。如:You may borrow as many books as you can.你能借多少书就借多少。Drink as much water as you can, the doctor said to him.医生对他说:你要尽可能地多喝些水。三、主语+比较级+ than
17、any other +可数名词单数或主语+比较级+ than the other可数名词复数的结构表示:主语所描述的事物比其它(任何一个)都.。用比较级形式表示最高级含义。如:Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class.李明是他们班中最聪明的学生。四、诸如not , never之类的否定词与形容词或副词的比较级连用,表示最高级含义。意为再没有比.更.。如:It is not a better id
18、ea.这是一个再好不过的办法。I have never heard such an interesting story.我从来没有听过比这更有趣的故事。五、no +比较级+ than .结构表示对两个比较对象都进行否定(可以用neither . nor .结构来改写)。如:This computer is no better than yours.这台电脑并不比你的好。(相当于Neither this computer nor yours is good.)Im no more foolish than you.我们俩都不傻。(相当于Neither I nor you are foolish.
19、)六、not more +比较级+ than .结构表示在程度上前者不如后者。如:This book is not more interesting than that one.这本书不如那本书有趣。(相当于The book is less interesting than that one.)The girl is not more selfish than her mother.这女孩不像她母亲那样自私。七、比较级+ than +形容词,意为与其.倒不如.。如:He was much luckier than clever.与其说他聪明,倒不如说他运气好。Jack is much hard
20、er than clever.与其说杰克聪明,倒不如说他努力。八、would rather . than, prefer . to ., prefer to do . rather than . ,这三个句型表示宁愿.而不.;喜欢.胜过. ;宁愿做.而不愿做.含义。虽无比较级形式,但表示比较级含义。如:She would rather die than give in.她宁死不屈。I prefer playing basketball to going to the cinema.我宁愿打篮球也不愿去看电影。He preferred to go out rather than stay hom
21、e.他宁愿出去也不愿呆在家里。九、The +比较级.,the +比较级. ,该结构意为越.,越.。如:The harder you work at English, the greater progress you will make.在英语学习上你越用功,取得的进步就越大。The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them.问题越难,他回答出来的可能性就越小。1).副词是用来修饰形容词、其他副词,一般放在被修饰词之前.He plays the piano very well .2).
22、副词是用来修饰动词,常放在动词之后.He got up quickly3).enough 修饰adj /adv 时,放在其后.He is old enough to go to school .三、常见副词用法辨析already用于肯定句句中,表示“已经”;yet用于否定句句末,表示“还”,用于疑问句句末,表示“已经”He had_left when I called.Have you found your ruler_?very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级;much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级;修饰动词要用very much.John is _ honest.This garden is_ b
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