情态动词基本用法.ppt

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1、GrammarModel verbs表示说话人的情绪，态度表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气等。或语气等。情态动词的语法特征情态动词的语法特征1)接动词原形：接动词原形：Mv+doThe girl can The girl can dancing dancing very well.very well.2) Mv无人称无人称, 数的变化数的变化The girl cans The girl cans dance dance very well.very well.3)谓语部分谓语部分=Mv+do The girl can very well.The girl can very well.MvMv 情态

2、动词的个数（情态动词的个数（1515） （4组）组） can / could, may / might, shall / should, will / would （4对）对） have to, had better, ought to, used to （3个）个） must, need, dare 能力能力 The girl The girl cancan dance very well. dance very well. No one No one couldcould finish it. finish it. 可能性可能性 Can Can the news be true? the

3、news be true? Who Who can it be?can it be? It cant be my mother. It cant be my mother. 许可许可 Can Can I sit here? I sit here? 1.can /could：2.may 和和might ：许可（正式）许可（正式）: : MayMay I come in ? I come in ? You You maymay go now. go now.可能性可能性 I I maymay be wrong. be wrong. The guestThe guest maymay arrive

4、this afternoon.arrive this afternoon.祝愿祝愿 MayMay you succeed! you succeed! MayMay you have a good journey! you have a good journey! 3.shall：构成将来时构成将来时 I I shall shall go to clean graves next Monday.go to clean graves next Monday.求意见求意见（1 1，3 3人称）人称）疑问疑问句句 Shall Shall we go by train, Mom?we go by tra

5、in, Mom? Shall Shall he sit here?he sit here?允诺、警告、命令或威胁等允诺、警告、命令或威胁等（2 2，3 3人称）人称）陈述陈述句句 YouYou shall shall be punished if you break the rule.be punished if you break the rule.条约，规定条约，规定 VisitorsVisitors shallshall notnot pickpick flowers.flowers. 4.should 应该应该 You You should should keep your promi

6、se.keep your promise. 推测推测 Its 10 pm. She Its 10 pm. She shouldshould be at home be at home now.now. “竟然竟然” Im so Im so angry.Heangry.He shouldshould refuse my refuse my invitation. invitation. 5.must 必须必须 We must learn by heart. We must learn by heart.推测推测 YouYou mustmust bebe the new teacher. the

7、new teacher. （现在）（现在） He He must be eating. must be eating. （进行）（进行） There is nobody here. TheyThere is nobody here. They must have all must have all gonegone home. home. （过去）（过去） “偏偏偏偏” MustMust you make such a big noiseyou make such a big noise? ?6.will构成将来时构成将来时I I willwill call at your house tom

8、orrow. call at your house tomorrow.意愿意愿Come whenever you Come whenever you willwill. .I I will will never do that again.never do that again.请求，建议请求，建议(2(2人称）人称）WillWill you type this, please? you type this, please?自然规律自然规律FishFish will will die without water.die without water.7.would构成将来时构成将来时I I to

9、ld him Itold him I would would call at his house the next day.call at his house the next day.意愿意愿I told him that I I told him that I would would never do that again.never do that again.请求，建议请求，建议( (更客气）更客气）WouldWould you type this, please?you type this, please?“过去常常过去常常”She She would would get up ea

10、rly at six every morning lastget up early at six every morning lastyear.year. 与完成时have done的连用 近义词辨析 一些提问的答语 固定搭配当中的情态动词MvMv的其他要点的其他要点与完成时have done的连用 may/might have + done sth can /could have + done sth should/ought to have done sth need have done sth would like to have done sthI would like to have

11、 read the article, but I was very busy then. Philip Philip may /might have been hurt may /might have been hurt in the car accident. in the car accident. -Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. -Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. -She -She must have gone must have

12、gone by bus.by bus.I saw our teacher in the office just nowI saw our teacher in the office just now You You cant have seen cant have seen herher，she is still abroadshe is still abroadKate is already two hours lateKate is already two hours lateWhat can have What can have happened happened to herto he

13、r？ 对过去情况的推测或估计 对过去所发生的事情的遗憾或责备“本却没”We We should have studied should have studied last nightlast night，but we went but we went to the concert insteadto the concert insteadI dressed very warmly for the trip, but I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I I needntneednt have donehave done so. The weathe

14、r was hot. so. The weather was hot. Did you scold him for his mistakeDid you scold him for his mistake？ Yes Yes，but but Id better not have doneId better not have done it it 与完成时have done的连用 近义词辨析 一些提问的答语 固定搭配当中的情态动词MvMv的其他要点的其他要点辨析辨析1.can 1.can 与与 be able tobe able to 时态时态can : can : can /couldcan /

15、couldbe able to : be able to : am, is, are ;was , were am, is, are ;was , were able toable to 含义含义be able to=succeed in doing be able to=succeed in doing sthsth. .Can Can you understand English?you understand English?Two years later, he Two years later, he was able to was able to speak very speak ve

16、ry good English.good English.辨析辨析2.must 2.must 与与have tohave to 主客观主客观I I dont like to stay here any longer, I dont like to stay here any longer, I must must leave leave now.now.Its too late, I Its too late, I have to have to leave now.leave now. 时态时态have/has/had tohave/has/had to 否定否定mustnt mustnt

17、禁止禁止 dont have to dont have to 不必不必辨析辨析3. would 3. would 与与 usedused toto 存在与否He used to like fish. (现在不了)He would like fish.（现在是不是这样，不知道） 动作or状态would表过去发生的习惯动作She would get up early at six every day .used to 过去的动作或状态We used to be good friends. There _ be a temple here. （used to 现在没有,状态）“过去常常过去常常” 与

18、完成时have done的连用 近义词辨析 一些提问的答语 固定搭配当中的情态动词MvMv的其他要点的其他要点一些提问的答语 - Could I borrow your pen? - Yes, you can. - No, Im afraid not. -May I watch TV tonight? - Yes, you may. - No, you may not. No, you mustnt. No, youd better not. -Must /Need I finish my homework now? - Yes, you must. - No, you neednt 与完成时

19、have done的连用 近义词辨析 一些提问的答语 固定搭配当中的情态动词MvMv的其他要点的其他要点 may/might as well=had bettermay/might as well=had better may well (may well (理所当然，完全有理由）理所当然，完全有理由） cant help doingcant help doing cant help but do(cant help but do(不得不，只好）不得不，只好） cant withoutcant without只能只能Eg: You may as well stay at home tonigh

20、t She may well be proud of her son. I cant help but tell her the truth. I cant live without you固定搭配当中的情态动词固定搭配当中的情态动词1. I think Ill give Bob a ring later in the week. You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages. A. will B. may C. have to D. shouldD 练习坊练习坊I. Choose the correct answer.2. John, l

21、ook at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour? A. Must B. Can C. May D. ShouldA 3. There _ any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt be B. shant have C. shouldnt be D. neednt haveC 4. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingl

22、y called the World Wide Wait because it _ be very slow. A. Should B. must C. will D. can5. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. canD C 6. Someone is knocking at the door. _ it be Venis? No, it _ be her; she left for New York this morning. A. Can; mu

23、stnt B. Might; cant C. May; doesnt D. Can; cantD 7. Mike promised his doctor he _ not drink, and he has never drunk ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. wouldD 8. Is there a movie on in the cinema tonight? There _ be. I will phone the cinema and find it out. A. might B. should C. can D. mustA

24、9. When I was studying at Beijing University, I _ take a walk along the lake every evening. A. will B. would C. could D. shallB10. Mr Brown, many students want to see you. _ they wait here or outside? A. Shall B. Will C. Can D. WouldA can; couldWhen I was young I _ climb any tree in the forest.Learn

25、ing a language _ be a real challenge.couldcanII. 选用正确的情态动词填空。选用正确的情态动词填空。may; mightI asked if I _ go home half an hour earlier today.There _ not be enough money to pay for the repairs.mightmay / mightwill; wouldWhen he got older, he _ never do his homework.Nancy _ keep talking unless you tell her to

26、 shut up.wouldwillshall; shouldBy now, they _ already be in Dubai.I _ be replaced by someone from the New York office.shouldshallmust; cantYou _ have stayed up. You look so tired.You _ be 45! I thought you were about 25 years old.mustcantHarvest and Thanksgiving festivals canbe very happy events. (P

27、2)考点考点 情态动词情态动词can的用法。的用法。考例考例1 It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometimes. (福建福建 2008)A. must B. can C. should D. would考点点拨考点点拨 考例回顾考例回顾选选B。can表示表示“可能可能”，意为，意为“有时有时天气可能会相当冷天气可能会相当冷”。must必须、必须、肯定；肯定；should应该；应该；would表示过去表示过去常常。常常。考例考例2 You _ be hungry already you h

28、ad lunch only two hours ago! (浙江浙江 2008)A.wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt选选B。此题考查情态动词表推测。此题考查情态动词表推测。cant意意为为“不可能不可能”；mustnt意为意为“禁止、一禁止、一定不定不要要”；wouldnt常表示对现在或将来情常表示对现在或将来情况况的虚拟；的虚拟；neednt意为意为“没有必要没有必要”。在肯定句中，在肯定句中，may的可能性比的可能性比can 高，高，may表示现实的可能性，表示现实的可能性，can表示理论表示理论上的可能性。如：上的可能性。如： The road ma

29、y be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。这条路可能不通了。 The road can be blocked. 这条路可能会是不通的。这条路可能会是不通的。 2) could的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. could 是是can的过去式的过去式, 表示与过去表示与过去 有关的能力和推测有关的能力和推测: e.g. We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor. B. could可以代替可以代替can表示请求表示请求, 但语但语气较气较can客气、委婉客气、委婉: e.g. Could you lend me your dictio

30、nary? Could I use your bike? 3) can和和could接动词的完成形式，表接动词的完成形式，表示可能已经做某事。示可能已经做某事。can用在否定和疑用在否定和疑问句中问句中, 表示不相信、怀疑等态度。表示不相信、怀疑等态度。 e.g. They cant have gone out because the light is still on.特殊特殊以以could或或would提问时，不能再以提问时，不能再以could或或would作答，而应该用作答，而应该用can或或will。如：如：Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes, of

31、course you can.might 的用法有的用法有: 多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。如允许。如: She said that he might take her bike. 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。 除了在间接引语中以外，除了在间接引语中以外，might 一般一般不表示过去的可能或者许可。如要表示不表示过去的可能或者许可。如要表示过去的可能可以用过去的可能可以用could, 表示过去的许表示过去的许可可以用可可以用was (were) allowed to 或者或者had permission to 。 表示现在的可能，其可能性要比表示现在的可能，其可能性要比may 小。如：小。如： She might go home tomorrow. 说不定他明天会回家。说不定他明天会回家。 表示现在的许可表示现在的许可, 语气比语气比may较委婉较委婉, 一般用于疑问句一般用于疑问句(包括间接疑问句包括间接疑问句), 不可不可用于肯定句或者否定句。用于肯定句或者否定句。 如如: Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你说句话吗？我可以和你说句话吗？