初二下unit10GrammarFocus.ppt

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1、Unit 10Grammar Focus Read the following sentences.How long have you had that bike over there?Ive had it for three years.How long has his son owned the train and railway set?Hes owned it since his famous birthday.Have you ever played football?Yes, I did when I was little, but I havent played for a wh

2、ile now. 现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始、一直持续到现在，多与刻开始、一直持续到现在，多与“since +点点时间时间”或或“for +段时间段时间”连用。连用。for表示表示“经经过过(一段时间一段时间)”，而，而since表示表示“自从自从(以以来来)”。 常见结构如下：常见结构如下：现在完成时现在完成时- since 和和 for 的用法的用法for +表示一段时间的状语表示一段时间的状语 一段时间一段时间+ agosince + 表示过去的某一时间点表示过去的某一时间点 从句从句来看几个例句吧：来看几个例句吧：He has liv

3、ed here for 16 years. 他住在这里有十六年了。他住在这里有十六年了。He has lived here since 16 years ago. 他从十六年前起就住在这里了。他从十六年前起就住在这里了。He has lived here since 1991. 他从他从1991年起就住在这里了。年起就住在这里了。He has lived here since he was born. 他从出生起就住在这里。他从出生起就住在这里。在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用们常用how longHow long have you playe

4、d basketball?How long have you been collecting shells?- How long has Mary been a teacher?- Since two years ago. 介词介词 for 短语表示一个时间段，指某个动短语表示一个时间段，指某个动作或情况到现在为止已持续了多久；作或情况到现在为止已持续了多久；since 作作为介词，接一个时间名词；作为连词，引导为介词，接一个时间名词；作为连词，引导一个时间状语从句一个时间状语从句(从句动词一般是短暂性动从句动词一般是短暂性动词词)。since 表示表示“自自以来以来”，指某个动作，指某个动作

5、或情况从过去某一点时间一直持续到现在，或情况从过去某一点时间一直持续到现在，因此，与因此，与 for 或或 since 引出的时间状语连用的引出的时间状语连用的句子句子(或主语或主语)谓语动词必须是谓语动词必须是延续性延续性的。的。 英语中有些动词的意义不能延续，表示的是英语中有些动词的意义不能延续，表示的是一瞬间就结束的动作，这些动词被称为一瞬间就结束的动作，这些动词被称为非延续非延续性性动词或动词或短暂性短暂性动词，常见的如动词，常见的如 come, leave, go, lose, see, begin, start, arrive, become, die, buy, borrow,

6、close, join, reach, fall, get up 等。等。这类动词可以用于完成时态，但在肯定句中不这类动词可以用于完成时态，但在肯定句中不能与表示动作延续的时间状语能与表示动作延续的时间状语 for 或或 since 短短语连用。如：语连用。如： 正正: He has come back. 他已回来。他已回来。 误误: He has come back for three days. 若要表示若要表示“他回来已三天了他回来已三天了”这样的意思，这样的意思，可以将动词改为可以将动词改为延续性动词延续性动词，或改变时间状语，或改变时间状语，或改用别的句型等，如译为：或改用别的句型等

7、，如译为： He has been back for three days. (改变谓语改变谓语动词动词) He has been back since three days ago. (改变改变谓语动词谓语动词) He came back three days ago. (改变时间状改变时间状语及动词时态语及动词时态) Its three days since he came back. (改变句改变句型型) come, go, begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive, reach, borrow, lend, get to kno

8、w等这些短暂性动词如果要谈论一个动等这些短暂性动词如果要谈论一个动作发生在过去某个时间点，我们可以使用作发生在过去某个时间点，我们可以使用ago或一般过去时。如：或一般过去时。如：Kitty has left Beijing for two days.Kitty left Beijing two days ago.Kitty has been away from Beijing for two days.Kitty has bought her purse since last year.Kitty bought her purse a year ago.Kitty has had her p

9、urse for a year. 在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词短暂性动词转化为相同意义的转化为相同意义的延续性动词延续性动词或状态动词。或状态动词。 初中英语中常见的有：初中英语中常见的有： 短暂性动词短暂性动词延续性动词延续性动词go, leave, movearrive, come, reachjoin, becomebuy, get (得到得到)be away (off), be out of be here , be in +某地某地be in, be a (an) + n.havefall ill (asleep)finish, endb

10、egin , startbegin to learn (work, read, rain)go outget upborrowget to knowdielosebe ill (asleep)be overbe onlearn, work , read, rainbe outbe upkeepknow be deadbe lost短暂性动词短暂性动词延续性动词延续性动词 非延续性非延续性动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中不能与不能与for 或或 since引出的短语引出的短语(或句子或句子)连用，连用，但在否定句中是可以的，因为一个但在否定句中是可以的，因为一个非延续性非

11、延续性动词动词一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态总是可一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态总是可以延续的。如：以延续的。如： I havent seen him for a long time. 我很久没见到他了。我很久没见到他了。 He hasnt come here for some time. 他有段时间没来了。他有段时间没来了。 I havent heard from her since she left. 自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信。自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信。 Rewrite the sentences using for or since.1. Jim is in Japan.

12、 He arrived there three days ago.2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009. Jim has been in Japan for three days.They have not eaten for ten hours.I have had a camera since 2009.4. I know Ann. I first met her three years ago.5. Linda is ill. S

13、he became ill on Monday. I have known Anna for three years.Linda has been ill since Monday.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.1. I _ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _(go) next month before the weather gets too cold.2. They _ (never own) any pets, but th

14、ey _ (always want) to have a dog.have never beengohave never ownedhave always wanted3. We _ (have) a piano since last November. We _ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.4. Cathy and Amy _ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They _ (miss) their hometown a lot an

15、d hope to visit the place next year.have hadhave not been/havent beenboughtmiss5. This museum _ (be) here for over 20 years. It _ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.has beenisFill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.1. Do you have a(n) _? How long have you

16、 had it?2. Do you own a(n) _? How long have you owned it?ThingsHow longTonyfavorite bookbasketballfor two yearssince he was 10 years oldStudent 1Student 2【2012黔西南黔西南】He _ his hometown for twenty years. He really misses it!A. has been away from B. left C. has left D. is away from【解析解析】A 考查动词的时态。从考查动词

17、的时态。从“for+一段时间一段时间”时时间状语可知用现在完成时，因此，只能选间状语可知用现在完成时，因此，只能选择择A或或C选项；而选项；而leave是瞬间性动词，不能是瞬间性动词，不能持续一段时间，所以要将持续一段时间，所以要将leave变成变成be away from，故选，故选A答案。答案。 真题链接真题链接( ) 1. Excuse me, where is Mr. Browns office?Sorry, I dont know. I _ here for only a few days. (2011河南省河南省) A. work B. worked C. have worked

18、D. will workC( ) 2. My grandmother _ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. (2011天津天津) Asees B. can see C. will see D. has seenD( ) 3. I _ many new friends since I came here. ( 2011贵州毕节贵州毕节) A. make B. made C. will make D. have madeD( ) 4. My aunt is a writer. She _ more than ten books sin

19、ce 1980. (2011北京北京) A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will writeC( ) 5. I _ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai. (2012北京北京) A. didnt hear from B. dont hear from C. wont hear from D. havent heard fromD( ) 6. Not only Jam but also his parents _ a few interesting places since they came to China. (2

20、012 湖北黄石湖北黄石) A. will visit B. has visited C. have visited D. visited C( ) 7. Look at these stamps. I _ them for five years. Wow, they are wonderful. (2013 湖南衡湖南衡阳阳) A. kept B. have kept C. have boughtB( ) 8. He _ for ten years. (2013四川雅四川雅安安) A. has been married B. married C. got married D. has mar

21、riedA( ) 9. My sister has learnt English _. (2013四川雅安四川雅安) A. for twelve years ago B. since she was four C. twelve years ago D. at the age of fourB( ) 10. She _ the book _ two days ago. (2013黑龙江绥化黑龙江绥化) A. has borrowed; since B. has kept; since C. kept; forBPractice 用括号内词的正确形式填空。用括号内词的正确形式填空。1. The

22、old man _(live) here since 1992.2. _ you _(visit) our factory yet?3. I _ (not see) you for a long time. You _(change) a lot.4. Im afraid I _(keep) you waiting for a long time.5. He _(know) the city since he was very young.has livedHavevisitedhavent seenhave changedhave kepthas known 选用选用 for和和 since

23、填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.forsincefor4. Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5. His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.sinceforsince 用用for或或

24、since完成下列句子。完成下列句子。1. Jill is in Ireland now. She arrived there three days ago. She has been there for three days.2. Jack is here. He arrived here on Tuesday.He has _. 3. I know Sue. I first met Sue two years ago. Ive _ _.been here since Tuesdayknown Sue since two years ago. / for two years4. I have

25、 a camera. I bought it in 1989. _.5. Dave plays the piano. He started when he was seven years old._.I have had the camera since 1989Dave has played the piano since he was seven years old1. They have been here since 2000. (对划对划线部分提问线部分提问) _ have they been here? 2. The old man _ last year. He _ for a year. (die) （动词填空）（动词填空） 3. This factory opened twenty years ago. (同义句转换同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years. How long diedhas been dead has been open 按要求完成句子。按要求完成句子。