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1、高三英语高三英语定语从句定语从句第一轮第一轮复习说课稿复习说课稿赵迪赵迪对教材的分析对教材的分析定语从句是高考中一个非常重要的考定语从句是高考中一个非常重要的考点,高考试卷中几乎每个大题都能见点,高考试卷中几乎每个大题都能见到它的身影。掌握好定语从句不仅可到它的身影。掌握好定语从句不仅可以在单选、完形填空,阅读理解中得以在单选、完形填空,阅读理解中得到高的分数,而且对于书面表达的完到高的分数,而且对于书面表达的完成也有非常重要的作用,定语从句的成也有非常重要的作用,定语从句的使用会让阅卷的老师眼前一亮,作文使用会让阅卷的老师眼前一亮,作文档次就提高了。所以定语从句是高三档次就提高了。所以定语从
2、句是高三复习中的重中之重。复习中的重中之重。对学生的分析对学生的分析由于我校学生英语基础较薄弱,词汇量严由于我校学生英语基础较薄弱,词汇量严重不足,不少学生连初中最简单的语法都重不足,不少学生连初中最简单的语法都不懂,所以这节课设计比较简单,让绝大不懂,所以这节课设计比较简单,让绝大多数学生掌握定语从句的最基本的用法和多数学生掌握定语从句的最基本的用法和把握高考的方向。把握高考的方向。教学目标教学目标 知识目标:知识目标: 1. 使学生充分明确什么是定语,什么是从句,以及由此构成的定语从句的概念及性质。 2. 掌握定语从句中先行词,关系词的分析与确定,以及在定语从句中的使用。 能力目标:能力目
3、标: 1. 通过这堂课的讲解练习,学生能够清楚的掌握定语从句的用法。 2.对于易混知识点能够做到各个击破,不会再混淆各个知识点之间的运用。关系代词和关系副词的用法 如何选择连接词 教学过程设计教学过程设计1.定义定义:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句2.先行词先行词: 被修饰的名词被修饰的名词,代词或整句话代词或整句话关系代词、关系副词关系代词、关系副词:3.引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词关系代词:关系代词:关系副词:关系副词: when, where, whywho, whom, whose, which, that as定语从句的概念定语从句的概念There
4、was an earthquake which happenedin Tangshan in 1976.关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以:关系代词在从句中可以:指人指人指物指物subject (主语主语)object (宾语宾语)attribute(定语)(定语)whomwhowhichthatwhose何时可以省略?何时可以省略?做宾语时可以省略做宾语时可以省略考点一:定语从句的基本用法考点一:定语从句的基本用法1关系词的作用(1)关系词的作用有三个:关系词的作用有三个:连接作用连接作用:关系代词引导从句,把它和主句连接:关系代词引导从句,把它和主句连接起来;起来;替代作用替
5、代作用:关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行:关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词;词;成分作用成分作用:关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、:关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语成分。关系副词在从句中充当状语表语、定语成分。关系副词在从句中充当状语试比较下面的句子试比较下面的句子:Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao?你还记得我们一起在青岛度过的日子吗?你还记得我们一起在青岛度过的日子吗?Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holida
6、ys in Qingdao?你还记得我们在青岛过暑假的日子吗?你还记得我们在青岛过暑假的日子吗?易混关系代词辨析易混关系代词辨析(1)关系代词关系代词that和和which先行词是物时,关系代词先行词是物时,关系代词that,which一般可以通用,一般可以通用,但也有区别。但也有区别。1)只能用只能用that的情况的情况先行词为指物的不定代词先行词为指物的不定代词(all, nothing, the one, much等等)或被不定代词修饰时,如:或被不定代词修饰时,如:You can take any seat that is free.Tell us all that you know.
7、先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时,如:先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时,如:That is the first composition that Ive written in English.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时,先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时,如:如:This is the best way that has been used against pollution.当人和物同为先行词时,如:当人和物同为先行词时,如:Everyone wants to see the spaceship and the spaceman that made the flight
8、around the earth.关系代词在从句中作表语时,如:关系代词在从句中作表语时,如:He is no longer the man (that) he used to be.先行词被先行词被the only,the very修饰时,如:修饰时,如:That is the very pen (that) I am looking for.2)只能用只能用which的情况的情况关系代词前有介词时,如:关系代词前有介词时,如:Here is the book about which I told you yesterday.非限制性定语从句中,如:非限制性定语从句中,如:The weath
9、er turned out to be very good, which was better than we could expect.who和和that先行词是人时,关系代词可用先行词是人时,关系代词可用 who(m),that引导定语引导定语从句,但下列情况一般用从句,但下列情况一般用who,而不用,而不用that。先行词是先行词是one,ones,anyone或或anybody,those时,时,如:如:Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个的关系词一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个的关系词是是t
10、hat时,如:时,如:The student that won the first prize is the monitor who speaks English best in our class.who和和that先行词是人时,关系代词可用先行词是人时,关系代词可用 who(m),that引导定语引导定语从句,但下列情况一般用从句,但下列情况一般用who,而不用,而不用that。先行词是先行词是one,ones,anyone或或anybody,those时,时,如:如:Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中
11、一个的关系词一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个的关系词是是that时,如:时,如:The student that won the first prize is the monitor who speaks English best in our class.whose既可指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。既可指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。如:如:George Orwell,whose real name was Eric Arthur,wrote many political novels.(the real name of whom)The librarian refused to ac
12、cept the book,whose cover was gone when it was returned.(the cover of which)3关系代词的省略关系代词的省略作宾语的关系代词可以省略,但前面不能作宾语的关系代词可以省略,但前面不能有介词。如:有介词。如:This is the man ( who/whom/that) we have talked about.This is the man about whom we have talked .Practice 1. I know the reason _ he came late. 2. Do you know the
13、 woman, _son went to college last year? 3. The house _ color is red is Johns. 4. This is the best film _ Ive ever seen. 5. Thats the town _ he worked in 1987. 6. I have 2 brothers, _ are both soldiers. 7. Next week, _ youll spend in your hometown ,is coming. 8. Ive tried 2 pairs of shoes, neither of
14、 _ fits me well.4.关系副词的用法关系副词的用法1当先行词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词。当先行词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词。其中其中when表示时间的介词表示时间的介词(如:如:in,at,during等等)which;where表示地点的介词表示地点的介词(如:如:in,at,on,under等等)which;whyforwhich。如:。如:I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. (whenon which)Can you tell me the office where he works?
15、 (wherein which)Do you know the reason why he is absent? (whyfor which)高考对关系副词高考对关系副词where的考查的考查高考试题中对于高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂,从先的考查趋于复杂,从先行词由行词由“明显的地点明显的地点”转为转为“地点的模糊地点的模糊化化”。如先行词为。如先行词为case,conditon,situation,point和和stage等时,定等时,定语从句中缺状语,用语从句中缺状语,用where引导定语从句引导定语从句The accident had reached to a point wh
16、ere both their parents are to be called in.事情发展到如此程度,不得不请双方家长来事情发展到如此程度,不得不请双方家长来一趟了。一趟了。practice The shop _ I bought the book is big. The shop _ I bought the book in is big. The shop _ is located nearby my house is big. The reason _ he was late is unkown. The reason _ he told me for his absence is
17、not true.考点二考点二:“介词介词which/whom”中介词的选择中介词的选择关系代词前面的介词使用是根据与名词前面的动词关系代词前面的介词使用是根据与名词前面的动词搭配关系和介词的搭配关系及句子结构上的需要而搭配关系和介词的搭配关系及句子结构上的需要而定的。如:定的。如:Well never forget the day on which we went camping. The woman to whom we spoke is from the USA. This is the person(whom)you are looking for.考点三考点三: 限制性和非限制性定语
18、从句限制性定语从句起修饰限制的作用,是主句不可缺少的一部分,与先行词无逗号隔开,翻泽成中文常译成前置定语。如:Those who want to go sign their names on the paper.那些想去的人把他们的名字签在纸上。非限制性的定语从句对先行词起补充说明非限制性的定语从句对先行词起补充说明的作用,省去不影响句子意思,常用逗号隔的作用,省去不影响句子意思,常用逗号隔开,翻译成中文时,常译成并列分句。开,翻译成中文时,常译成并列分句。如:如:This note was left by John, who was here a moment ago.这便条是约翰留的,他刚
19、才还在这儿。这便条是约翰留的,他刚才还在这儿。关系代词关系代词as和和which引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句在非限制性定语从句中,在非限制性定语从句中,as既可指人又可指物既可指人又可指物,引导的引导的从句子可位于句中、句首、句末,从句子可位于句中、句首、句末,指整个句子,而指整个句子,而which不仅可指整个句子还可以指单个名词不仅可指整个句子还可以指单个名词。as有有正如,而正如,而 which 没有这个意思没有这个意思:The meeting,which was held in the park,was a success.The meeting was a succes
20、s,as was expected.注意:注意:why和和that不能引导非限制性定语从句不能引导非限制性定语从句。 在非限制性定语从句中,关系词都不能省略。在非限制性定语从句中,关系词都不能省略。3注意way后接定语从句的情况(1)当先行词是当先行词是way意为意为“方式、方法方式、方法”时,在定语时,在定语从句作状语,引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形从句作状语,引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式。如:式。如:使我感到惊奇的不是他说了什么,而是他说话的方式。使我感到惊奇的不是他说了什么,而是他说话的方式。考点四:考点四:定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致关系词在定语从句中作主语时,从句
21、的谓关系词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。如:语动词要与先行词保持一致。如:I,who am your friend,will leave for Beijing tomorrow.在非限制性定语从句中,在非限制性定语从句中,which和和as指代一个指代一个句子时,从句谓语动词用单数。句子时,从句谓语动词用单数。如:如:Mary is often late for class,which makes our teacher very unhappy.当先行词被当先行词被the only/the very修饰修饰时,从句谓语动词用单数,若仅有时,从句谓语动词用单数,若仅
22、有one of修饰时则从句的谓语动词用复修饰时则从句的谓语动词用复数形式。如:数形式。如:He is one of the students who want to be a doctor in the future.He is the only one of the students who wants to be a doctor in the future.Lets practice(巩固练习)巩固练习) 1. ( ) These are the people and places I wrote about in my last novel. A. which B. who C. th
23、at D. what 2. ( ) I will never forget the days I spent in Beijing. A. which B. what C. when D. where 3. ( ) I will never forget the days I studied in Beijing. A. why B. for which C. that D. because 4. ( )This is the most beautiful park I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. whom D. where 5.( ) This is the second book I received today. A. Which B. that C. whom D. what 6.( ) This is all I can do for you. A. that B. what C. which D. who
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