专升本1-5单元复习资料(31页).doc

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1、-专升本1-5单元复习资料-第 30 页阅读理解译文（自主学习用书7篇）P19 Friends of Friends （BADBC）P21 Organizing Yourself（AACBC）P56 Valentines Day （BBACA）P92 American Style Friendship （ACCDB）P94 When Friendship Hurts（ABACB）P132 Cell Phone Users Tie up Traffic（CABDC）P170 The First Four Minutes（ABCBD）Friends of Friends 朋友的朋友Back in

2、1967, social psychologist Stanley Milgram had an idea.时间追溯到1967年，社会心理学家斯坦利米尔格伦有了这样一个想法。Everybody knows at least a few other people, 每个人至少都认识几个人。he reasoned, and those people know another people. 于是，他推论道，其他人也认识另外一些人。Therefore, just going through the people you know, you should be able to contact any

3、person on earth.因此，通过你所认识的人，你就能够联系上地球上的任何人。Milgram conducted experiments by sending letters to random acquaintances, asking them to pass the letter on through their friends to an unknown person. 斯坦利米尔格伦做过一个实验，通过写信随机给他所认识的人，要求他们通过他们自己的朋友而把信件传递出去给陌生人。His experiments, confirmed later with e-mail tests,

4、 showed that were all connected by no more than six degrees of separation.他的这个实验后来经电子邮件检测并被证实：仅仅通过“六度分离理论”所有的人都是相联系的。That is, you can reach any person in the world through a chain of six people. 也就是说，经过六层人际关系纽带你可以联系任何人。It might be comforting to know that your friends friends friends friends friend k

5、nows Bill Gates or Jennifer Lopez通过你朋友的朋友的朋友的朋友, 你可以认识比尔盖茨或詹尼佛洛佩慈这样的名人。but its not really that useful. 但事实上并不那样有用。Tracing the chain is time-consuming and inconvenient.梳理这条纽带既费时，又麻烦。But thats changing now, thanks to the development of online databases.但是由于有了网上在线数据库，现在情况变了。 While many people use their

6、 PCs to keep track of their contacts and address books， new services like Friendster and Spoke combine these address books together. 许多人用自己的家用电脑保存了自己的联系人和通信录象交友对话与通讯录相结合的新的服务。This way youre not only in touch with your own-friends, but with their friends and their friends friends.这样你不但能够和你的朋友联系，你还可以与

7、朋友的朋友的朋友联系。 Looking for someone who works in marketing at Sony Music in Tokyo？你想找东京索尼 音乐部门搞销售的某个人吗？Going to Paris for the weekend and looking for someone to have dinner with? 到巴黎度周末并找某个人共进晚餐吗？Just check the Friendster files theres sure to be a friend of a friend of a friend in there.就在交友文档中寻找，你肯定会找到

8、你朋友的朋友的朋友。So whats the catch? 找什么呢？ If you want to use Friendster or similar services, 如果你想使用“交友” 或类似的服务， you need to build a profile including your real name, where you work, your job, where you went to school and who your friends are. 你得先建立一个简单的文档，其中包括你的真实姓名，工作单位，你曾就读过的学校，你的朋友是谁。 This lack of anon

9、ymity might seem likely to scare users off, 这种非匿名文件可能会把一些使用者吓跑。but apparently people are hungry for contact with real people: 但是很明显，许多人都渴望与真名真姓的人联系。in less than nine months, Friendster has already signed up over four million users.在短短不到九个月的时间里，“交友”上就会有四百多万用户签名加入。(310 words)1） The experiments conduct

10、ed by Stanley Milgram are intended to_.斯坦利米尔格伦所进行的这个试验的目的在于_.A)show the lawof six degrees of separationB) test his reasoningC) reach any person in the worldD) ask his friends to pass the letter on2) The first sentence in the fifth paragraph can be replaced by“_” 第五段第一句可以用以下哪句话来替代？A) So whats the pro

11、blem?B) So what gets your attention?C) So whats the discovery?D) So what can you take?3) The passage mainly discusses_. 这篇文章主要讨论的是_.A) the theory of six degrees of separationB) he results caused by Stanley Milgrams experimentsC) the way to trace a chain of six peopleD) online services like Friendste

12、r4) According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? 根据文章的叙述，下列哪个选项是正确的？A) E-mail tests by Stanley Milgram revealed that we are able to reach any person.B) Through a chain of six people, you can know Bill Gates.C) Online databases enable people to keep track of their address book

13、s.D) The lack of anonymity drives people to contact real people.5）The passage most probably is_. 这篇文章的体裁最有可能是_.A) an official documentB) a research reportC) a news reportD) an advertisementOrganize Yourself 安排自己的时间Many new students find it hard to do all the studying that has to be done; 许多新生觉得他们很难于

14、对付他们必须学的所有的课程。they find themselves putting off required reading,他们对于必须的阅读课程束手无策。 jumping from one subject to another and rarely being quite certain what they are trying to do during a particular study session.常常一会儿从一个题目跳到另一个题目，一会儿读这里一会儿又读那里。在某个学习阶段到底读什么很少有个准。 The best way to overcome these difficult

15、ies and to start studying efficiently is to plan your time and organize your work.要克服这个难点，达到有效学习最好的办法是：计划好你的时间，安排好你要学的课程。When to study（什么时候学习）Let us assume that you have 15 hours per week of classes (lectures and tutorials)假设你每周你的上课时间15个课时。（讲座，辅导在内） and that you decide to allow yourself a 40-hour wo

16、rking week (a reasonable figure, leaving you 70 waking hours for other activities). 你每周40小时学习（每周除了睡觉外你还有70小时从事其他的活动，所以这个数字是合理的）。You now have to decide how to allocate and occupy the remaining 25 hours of private study time.现在你搞定如何分配和利用你剩下的25小时的自学的时间。 Naturally the decisions you make will vary from w

17、eek to week according to what essays have to be written and what reading has to be done. 自然的，根据要写某篇论文、要读某些东西，这个安排，每周会有不同。Many people find it helpful to draw up each week a seven-day timetable showing the occasions on which they will be working independently and the particular subjects that they will

18、 be studying on each occasion.列出一个每周的时间表并表示出本周内要独立做的事情，每周将学的某些学科的每个时间段，许多人感到这是非常有用的。 By checking such a plan at times during the week, you can see what work you have done and what you still have to do; the whole enterprise then becomes manageable. 在一周里随时对照时间表，你会发现你已经做了什么，你仍然得做什么；这样整个进程就可以掌控了。Where t

19、o study 在什么地方学习There are a number of places where you can study college library, public library, lodgings, home, vacant classrooms, on a bus or train and each has several obvious advantages and disadvantages.有许多可供学习的地方 学校的图书馆，公共图书馆，宿舍，家里，空教室，公共汽车，火车上，- 当然，每个地方都有明显的优势和劣势。The college library is least

20、busy in the evenings, on Wednesday afternoons, and all day Friday and Sunday.学校图书馆在晚上，星期三下午，星期五和星期天全天最安静When you are deciding where to study, keep the following suggestions in mind: 你在选定学习地点时，请记住下面的建议：* Always try to study in the same places. After a while the familiar surroundings will help you to

21、switch into the right frame of mind as soon as you sit down.尽量坚持在同一个地方学习，因为很快你所熟悉环境有利于你一坐下就能进入良好的心态。* Find somewhere with as few distractions as possible. 要找一个尽量不会使你分心的地方。* Make sure that your study place has good light and is warm (but not too warm）and well-ventilated.务必要有一光线好，暖和（但不要太暖和）且通风的地方。(341

22、 words)1） We know from the first paragraph that_.我们可以从第一自然段中得知_.A) it is often really difficult for new students to study efficiently.B) new students are willing to plan their time and organize their work.C) new students are sure how to arrange their time.D) new students are allowed to put off one r

23、equired subject.2) New students might have_ . 新生将会有_.A) 15 hours per week of classes. B) 25 hours of working time.C) 70 hours for entertainment.D) 40 hours per week of classes.2） Why does the author say the whole enterprise becomes more manageable”？为什么作者说“这样整个进程就可以掌控了”？A) Because new students have e

24、nough time to arrange their activities.B) Because fewer courses are required for new students.C) Because new students know what they need to do if they draw up a seven-day timetable each week.D) Because new students have done all the assignments required by the school.4) Which time is least suitable

25、 for students studying in the college library? 以下哪个时间段最不适宜在大学图书馆学习？_ .A) Tuesday evenings.B) Monday mornings.C) Sunday evenings.D) Wednesday afternoons.5) Concerning where to study, which of the following is NOT mentioned? 根据上文中提到的“在什么地方学习”，下列哪一个建议是作者没有提到的？A) A place that is warm.B) A place students

26、 are familiar with.C) A place with background music.D) A well-lighted place.Valentines Day情人节February 14th is a complicated but interesting holiday. 二月十四日是个复杂而又有趣的日子。First of all, Valentines Day is not a holiday from work . 首先，情人节是一个不放假的节日。 No one gets a day off. 在这天谁也不休假。On Valentines Day people us

27、ually send romantic cards to someone they love or want to be loved by.在情人节，人们通常都要向他们所爱的某个人，或向要从其得到爱的某个人送上非常浪漫的贺卡。 The cards are called valentines.这贺卡被称为“情人节贺卡” They are very colorful, often decorated with hearts, flowers or birds, and have humorous or loving words printed inside. 情人节贺卡非常漂亮，四边常常都饰有心形

28、、花，以及小鸟图案，里面印有幽默、温馨示爱的话语。The basic message is always Be My Valentine, Be My Sweet Heart or Lover.这些话语基本上是“做我的情人”“我的甜心” “爱人”等。 A valentine may be anonymous (匿名的) and is sometimes signed, Guess who.送卡人可能是匿名的。有时署名是“猜猜我是谁” The person receiving it has to guess who sent it.收到贺卡的人就会去猜“这是谁送的呀？” This can lea

29、d to interesting speculation (揣测). 这样就会引起很多有趣的猜测。And thats half the fun of valentines.情人节有一半的趣味就在于此。The loving message might be carried by a heart-shaped box of chocolate candies, 情人节贺卡也许会装在有巧克力糖的心形盒子里。or by a bunch of flowers tied with red ribbon.或者放在一束花里，这花得用红色的缎带捆着。But in whatever form, the messa

30、ge is the same Will you be my valentine? 而无论用哪种方式。它们所表达的信息只有一个“愿做我的情人吗？”One of the symbols of St. Valentines Day is the Roman god of Love; called Cupid.情人节的象征之一是罗马爱神丘比特。 Cupid is often pictured on the card, as a winged infant not wearing any clothes, ready to shoot his arrow into a heart.丘比特常常被画在情人节

31、贺卡上。 在贺卡上他被画成一个裸体的小婴儿，长有一对翅膀。He would shoot an arrow of love into a persons heart to make the person fall in love immediately, 时时把爱情之箭射向一个人的心上使他、她即刻坠入爱河 maybe with the first person to come along. 若是俩人来，兴许射中的是第一个。Sometimes one arrow would go through two hearts, holding them together.有时一箭射穿两颗心，这样就成全这俩

32、为一对。 On February 14th not only do we have pictures of the non-Christian Cupid, the Roman god of Love but we also have pictures of the Christian St. Valentine. 在二月十四日这天，我们不仅要有非基督的丘比特罗马爱神的画，我们还要有圣瓦仑丁的画。It is from the Christians that we get the stories about Valentines Day that most people have come to

33、 believe. 我们是从基督教传说中得到了许多有关情人节的故事。并且现在大多数人都相信这些故事。One story is about a Christian man whose name sounded something like Valentine.其中一个故事是关于一位基督神父，他的名字的发音有点象“Valentine” 瓦仑丁. He lived around 250 A.D. 他生活在公元250年。At that time the Roman Emperor Claudius refused to allow any Roman soldiers to get married f

34、or any reason whatsoever.那时罗马国王克劳迪乌斯无论怎样都不准该国的士兵结婚。Christian couples came to Valentine to be married so Valentine would marry them in a Christian way. 基督情侣们就到瓦仑丁那里举行婚礼。所以他就按照基督教的仪式为人们举办婚礼。He was discovered and put in prison by the Emperor. 后来他的行为被发现了，因而被投进了监狱。One tradition says that he wrote notes t

35、o his friends by marking on leaves and then throwing them out the window of his prison. 一种传统的说法是：他将文字写在树叶上从牢房的窗户扔出去传给他的朋友。The leaves were shaped like a heart.而树叶的形状就象一颗心。(379 words) 1) Judging from the context, what happens on February 14th? _ .从文章中我们可以判断出，2月14日这天通常会有什么事情发生？_ .A) People get a day of

36、f.B) People usually send romantic cards. C) People make new friends by sending cards. D) People visit their relatives.2) According to the text, what is half the fun of Valentines Day? _ . 根据文章的叙述，情人节的一半乐趣就在于？_ .A) Receiving the Valentines card.B) Guessing who sends the Valentines card to you.C) Havi

37、ng a wonderful dinner.D) Spending time with your lover.3）What do the loving messages have in common? _ .那些示爱的信息的共同点在于表达_ .A) Love.B) Friendship.C) Congratulations.D) Greetings.4）What does Cupid look like? _ .爱神丘比特是什么样子的？_ .A) Cupid is a handsome man with brown eyesB) Cupid is a female angel.C) Cupid

38、 is an infant with a pair of wings, not wearing anything.D) Cupid is the symbols of St. Valentines Day, the Roman god of Love.5）What do we know from the fourth paragraph? _ .从第四自然段中我们可以得知_ .A) The story about the origin of Valentines Day.B) The way couples celebrate Valentines Day.C) The reason why

39、people use a heart-shaped box of chocolate candies.D) The way people show their love to othersAmerican Style Friendship (美国式的友谊)Steve and Yaser first met in their chemistry class at an American university. 史迪文和依莎尔最初是在美国一所大学的化学课上认识的。 Yaser was an international student from Jordan. 依莎尔是来自约旦的一名留学生。He w

40、as excited to get to know an American. 首次结识一位美国人，他激动不已。He wanted to learn more about American culture. 他想了解更多的美国文化。Yaser hoped that he and Steve would become good friends.依莎尔很希望成为史迪文的好朋友。At first，Steve seemed very friendly.开始史迪文显得很友好。He always greeted Yaser warmly before class. 上课前他总是热情地与依莎尔打招呼。Some

41、times he offered to study with Yaser.有时他主动与依莎尔一块儿学习。He even invited Yaser to eat lunch with him.他甚至还邀请依莎尔一块儿吃午饭。 But after the semester was over, Steve seemed more distant.但是在本学期结束时，史迪文与依莎尔就保持一定的距离了。The two former classmates didnt see each other very much at school. 这两个原来的同班同学在学校里再也没有见过面了。One day Ya

42、ser decided to call Steve一天，依莎尔决定打电话给史迪文。Steve didnt seem very interested in talking to him在电话里史迪文好象没多大兴趣与他交谈。Yaser was hurt by Steves change of attitude史迪文这种态度上的变化使依莎尔受到了伤害。“Steve said we were friends,” Yaser complained， and I thought friends were friends forever.” “史迪文说过我们是朋友。” 依莎尔抱怨道“我原以为朋友就是永远的朋

43、友。” Yaser is a little confused. 依莎尔有点困惑不解。He is an outsider to American culture.对于美国文化他毕竟是门外汉。He doesnt understand the way Americans view friendship他不懂美国人看待友谊的思维方式。Americans use the word friend in a very general way. 美国人对“朋友”这个词用得很随便。They may call both casual acquaintances and close companions “frie

44、nds”。他们既可以对于随意新结识的人也可以把亲密的伙伴称为“朋友”。Americans have school friends, work friends，sports friends and neighborhood friends. 美国人有学校的朋友， 工作上的朋友，运动场上的朋友，邻里的朋友。These friendships are based on common interests. 这些朋友间的友谊都是建立在共同的兴趣爱好基础上的。When the shared activity ends, the friendship may fade.他们共同进行的活动结束了，这种友谊也就

45、随之消失了。 Now Steve and Yaser are no longer classmates. Their friendship has changed.现在依莎尔和史迪文不再是同班同学了，因此他们的友谊就变了。In some cultures friendship means a strong life-long bond between two people.在一些文化里，友谊就意味着两个人之间终生的纽带。In these cultures friendships develop slowly, since they are built to last.在这些文化中，友谊建立和发

46、展都很缓慢。因此，这样的友谊很持久。 American society is one of rapid change. 美国社会是个变化迅速的社会。Studies show that one out of five American families moves every year. 研究表明，每年每五个家庭中就有一个家庭搬迁。American friendships develop quickly, and they may change just as quickly.美国式的友谊发展得快，同样地，它们的变化也快。People from the United States may at

47、first seem friendly. 开始美国人看起来很友好。Americans often chat easily with strangers. 通常情况下，美国人很容易与陌生人交谈。They exchange information about their families, hobbies and work. 与他们交谈有关家庭，爱好和工作。They may smile warmly and say, 他们会很热情地微笑和谈话 Have a nice day. 希望你今过得得愉快。or See you later. 或者“回见。” Schoolmates may say, Lets get together sometime. 同班同学会说“让我们时不时地聚会一下” But American friendliness is not always an offer of true friendship. 但美国式的友谊并不会意味着真正的友谊。After an experience like Yasers, outsiders may consider Americans to