If和+whether的用法(5页).doc
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1、-If和+whether的用法-第 5 页 If和 whetherif不能替换whether的5种情况 1.正式文体中,句中有or not 时 2.引起主语,表语,同位语从句时 3.作介词宾语时 4.放不定式前,与不定式组成词组时 5.作discuss等词的宾语时 以上是if和whether表示是否之意的区别,此外,if还有加入的意思,引起条件状语从句;而whether另有不管无论之意,引起让步状语从句whether与if作“是否”讲,在用法上有相同之处,也有不同之处。 一、相同之处。 1.whether和if都能引导宾语从句,常置于see,ask,learn,tell,wonder,doub
2、t,find out等动词之后。 如:He asked me whether/is I could help him. I want to know whether/if he lives there. 2.whether和if都可用it作形式主语从句中。如: its uncertain whether/if hell come this evening. 3.在be uncertain/doubtful之后,常用whether引导宾语从句,有时也可以用if,如: We are uncertain whether/if Mary will come. 二、不同之处。 1.whether可置于句
3、首引导主语从句,而if不能。如: _the 2000 Olympic Games will be in Beijing is not known yet. A.whether B.If C.Whether D.That 答案是C。 2.whether可用在介词之后,引导宾语从句,而If则不能。如: Success depends on whether we make evough effort. 3.whether可引导表语从句,if则不能。如: The puestion is whether it is not worthdoing. 4.在名词之后引导同位语从句时,用whether而不用i
4、f。如: The puestion whether the students answered correctly should be decided by the teacher. 5.whether后可接不定式,而if不能。如: Please tell us whether to go or stay here. 6.在有些动词(如discuss)之后,只能用whether,而不用if引导宾语从句。如: We discussed whether we should close the shop. 7.在引导否定概念in宾语从句时,只能用if,而不用whether.如:he asked me
5、 if I hadnt finished my work.whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,表示“是否”,在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。如: I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you. Ask him whether / if he can come. 但在有些情况下,whether和if的用法有一定区别。 1. whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用,而if一般不能。如: 正: Let me know whether you can come or not. 误: Let me know if
6、 you can come or not. 2. 当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导,而不能用if。如: 正: Whether it is true or not, I cant tell. 误: If it is true or not, I cant tell. 3. whether可以引导带to的不定式,if则不能。如: 正: I dont know whether to accept or refuse. 误: I dont know if to accept or refuse. 4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语,但if不能。如: 正: I
7、worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 误: I worry about if I hurt her feelings. 5. whether可以引导从句,作主语、表语或同位语,而if不能。如: 正: It was uncertain whether he would come. 误: It was uncertain if he would come. 正: His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet. 误: His first question was if Tom had arrived
8、yet. 正: We must consider the question whether we will take these measures. 误: We must consider the question if we will take these measures.1、 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。如: 例8 I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 2、 在whether or not 的固定搭配中。如: 例9 I want to know whether its good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。
9、3 、在介词后,只能用whether。如: 例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。 4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether 。如: Whether this is true or not, I really dont know. 这是否真的,我真的不知道。(例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。此例为主语从句,有误,感谢指出) 5、用if会引起
10、歧义时,只用whether。如: 例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ? 这句话有两种意思whether和if的用法区别 1)whether和if常用来引导宾语从句,这时两者的含义区别很小,一般可通用。例如: I dont know whether/if they will come to help us. 我不知道他们是否来帮助我们。 I am not sure whether/if Ill have time to go with you. 我很难说我们是否有时间跟你们一起去。 上面两句无区别。但是,当whether与or not连成一
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