不定代词用法总结(4页).doc

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1、-不定代词用法总结-第 3 页不定代词用法总结1) some, any, no的用法 a. some和any通常用于表示不定数或不定量，修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。some表示“几个；一些；部分”，多用于肯定句；而any表示“一些；什么；任何；”，对用于否定句或疑问句中。如： * He asked me some questions. (他问了我几个问题。) * Some of the bread has been eaten. (面包已吃了一些。) * Are there any stamps in this post office? (这个邮局里有邮票吗？) * I didnt have

2、 any cigarettes, so I went out to buy some. (我没有香烟了，所以出去买了一些。)b. 刚才我们说some一般用于肯定句而any一般用于否定句和疑问句。但有时也有例外。这要根据句子意思来看。 * I could not answer some of his questions. (我不能回答他的某些问题。) (some用在否定句中表示“一些；部分”。如果说成：I could not answer any of his questions.意思就变了，它表示“我不能回答他的任何问题。”) * Will you get me some apples on

3、your way back? (你回来的路上能给我带一些苹果吗？) (some用在疑问句中大多表示“请求” 或“建议”)* Let me know if you hear any news. (如果你有任何消息请告诉我。) (any用在条件从句中表示“任何”) * “What would you like to drink?” “Any will do.” (“你想喝什么？”“哪种都行。”) (any在这里表示“任何”) c. no在句子中作定语，表示否定，意思是“没有；不是”，它可以修饰可数名词的单数和复数形式或不可数名词。 * There are no letters for you to

4、day. (今天没有你的信。) * I have no money at the moment. Could you lend me some? (我现在没有钱。你能借我一些吗？)2) 复合不定代词的用法 a. 不定代词some, any, no与-one, -body, -thing可以组成九个复合代词。它们是： someoneanyoneno one somebodyanybodynobody somethinganythingnothing 这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质，可以作主语、宾语等。b. 因为some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句或疑问句，no表示完全否定，因此由some

5、, any, no与-one, -body组成的复合代词的用法也一样。 c. 第二部分为-one和-body的复合代词只用于表示人，它们的形式是单数形式，但有时可以用they或them指代。 * There is someone in your office. Can you hear them talking? (你办公室里有人。你听见他们说话了吗？) d. 第二部分为-thing的复合代词只能用于指物。如： * There was something wrong with the car so he had to stopped it. * He looked at me and didn

6、t say anything. * Nothing can be done to save her life. e. 这些复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰，形容词必须后置。如： * Somebody important has arrived, Im sure. (important修饰somebody) 3) one和none的用法 不定代词one指代可数名词的单数，即指人，也指物。它的复数形式是ones。在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语等。* He is not the one who is easily cheated. (one指人) * Ive made some cakes. Wou

7、ld you like one of them? (one指物) * I prefer red roses to white ones. (ones指物) * Are they the ones who moved here a few days ago? (ones指人) 4) all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both a. every只有形容词的性质，在句中作定语。常用于修饰单数的可数名词。表示“每个；各个”，还可以表示“一切”。 * After the strong wind every flower in the g

8、arden was gone. every还可以和-one, -thing, -body构成复合不定代词，即：everyone, everything, everybody。其中，everyone和everybody用于指人，意思一样，都是“每人；大家”，形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。everything用于指物，意思是“每件事；一切”，形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。如： * One cant have everything. * Everything goes well with me.* The town is so small that everybo

9、dy knows everybody else. 注意：在使用everyone时要注意和every one相区别。everyone是一个不定代词而every on是一个词组，前者只能指人而后者既可以指人也可以指物。请注意下列例句： * Everyone will be here except Patrick. (everyone 指人) * Every one of the children will get a gift. (every one也指人) *We played several matches against the visitors, but unluckily lost ev

10、ery one. (every one指物)b. each的意思是“每个；各自的”，可以指人，也可以指物。如： * I leave home at 7 a.m. each day. * Each of them has received a letter. (每一个人都知道应该做什么/他的工作。) (在这两个句子中用every和each都可以) 由于each和every的意思相近，都表示“每一个”，因此要特别注意它们的区别。each所描述的对象至少是两个数目中的每一个，而every所描述的对象至少是三个数目中的每一个；every着重强调整体的含义而each着重强调个别；every只能作形容词放

11、于名词前而each可以作形容词、代词和副词。如：*You can see a lot of new shops on each side of the street. (因为街道只有两边因此不能用every) *Each has too coats. (each是代词不能换用every)c. other可以指人也可以指物，表示“另外的人或事物”，其后可以接单数或复数的名词；此外，other也有复数形式，是others。如： * He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor. *Some children like mi

12、lk chocolate, other children prefer plain chocolate. *We should not think only of ourselves, we should think of others first. d. another的意思是“另一个；再一个；又一个”，通常只能修饰单数的名词或代词，泛指“不定数目中的另一个”。 * Would you like to try another kind of drink? * I dont like this hat; please show me another. 注意：other和another都有“另外

13、的”意思，要注意它们的区别。首先一般来说，两者中的“另一个”是the other，不定数目中的“另一个”是another。如： * She has a book in one hand and a pen in the other. (这里表示两只手中的另一个因此用the other) * This cup is broken. Get me another, please. 其次，other的后面可以接单数或复数的名词而another的后面只能接单数名词。如： * He has other brothers. * I am not very well today. Tell them I w

14、ill go and see them another day. 第三，other有复数形式，泛指别人时通常不加冠词；而表示其他的人时常要加定冠词；而another没有复数形式。 * Some went to the Peoples Park, others visited the zoo. * Could you tell the others that Ill be late? 5) many, much, few, little, a few, a little, a lot of, lots of 这些词都可以用来表示数量，但它们的用法也应当注意。 a. many和much 这两个词都

15、表示“许多；大量”，它们的比较级和最高级是more和most。它们的不同在于：many只能指代或修饰可数名词的复数，much一般只能指代或修饰不可数名词。如： * “Do you any books on English grammar?” “Yes, but not many.” (这里的many指代上文的books) * Much time will be saved if you plan your work very well. (time是不可数名词，因此用much) b. (a) few和 (a) little a few和a little是一对用作表示数量的不定代词的固定词组，它

16、们具有名词和形容词的性质，它们的意思是“少数；少量”，都表示肯定的意思。它们的不同点是：a few指代或修饰可数名词的复数，a little指代或修饰不可数名词。如： * Only a few of the children in this village can read. (因为children是可数名词的复数因此用a few) * There was a little rain just now and the air is fresh now. (rain是不可数名词因此要用a little) few和little表示否定，意思是“几乎一点没有”，相当于not many或not muc

17、h。和a few和a little一样，few指代或修饰可数名词的复数而little指代或修饰不可数名词指代或修饰不可数名词。如： * Few visitors enjoyed the trip to London. (few修饰的是可数名词visitors) * There is little to be done about it. (关于这件事没有什么可做的了。) (little指代索要做的事情) c. a lot of和lots of 这两个词组的意思都是“大量的；许多的”，后面既修饰能可数名词复数也能修饰不可数名词，可以代替many和much使用。如： few的比较级和最高级是：fe

18、wer，fewest；little的比较级和最高级是：less，least。 (许多人站在那里观看篮球比赛。) a lot可以于动词之后作状语。如： * Thanks a lot. (非常感谢。) * “Do you have any English books?” “Sorry, I dont, but there are a lot in the school library.” (“你有什么英语书吗？”“对不起，我没有。但是学校图书馆里有很多。”) *Smoking a lot is bad for your health. (抽太多的烟对健康有害。)练习：1I bought _flow

19、ers on my way home. 2. _ of them have left for England.3I asked her for _paper, but she didnt have _. 4._of the boys has a book.5. Im busy and I have _homework to do. 6._ student has an English-Chinese dictionary in our class.7. She cant dance_. 8. Tom didnt finish homwork. . _did his sister. 9_of m

20、y parents are teachers. 10. _of the students in Class 3 have gone out.11. I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red , the _ are blue. 12. There is _ in the room. 13._ of the students is afraid of difficulties .14. She held a pen in one hand and his notebook in the _.15. Im new here, so I have _friends 16. We must be quick. We have _time left.17-A latest English newspaper, please! -Only one copy left. Would you liketo have_?18.The bag made in Shanghai is better than the _ made in Guangzhou.