中考英语知识点归纳(23页).doc
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1、-中考英语知识点归纳-第 23 页新课标中考英语知识点归类短语、词组归纳 由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理: 一、动词+介词 1look at看,look like 看上去像, look after 照料 2listen to听 3welcome to欢迎到 4say hello to 向问好 5speak to对说话 此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。如:This is my new bike. Please look it after.()This is my new bike. Please look after it.(
2、) 二、动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类: A动词(vt.)+副词 1put on 穿上 2take off脱下 3write down记下 此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。试比较:First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. ()First listen to the answer, then write down it.()First listen to the answer, then write it dow
3、n.() B动词(vi)+副词。 1come on赶快 2get up起床 3go home回家 4come in进来 5sit down坐下 6stand up起立 此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。 三、其它类动词词组1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games介词短语聚焦 “介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Uni
4、tsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。 1in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着。如:in English,in the hat 2in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在排/队/班级/年级”等。 3in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。 4in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。5in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。如:There are some
5、in the tree. There are many apples on the trees. 6in the wall表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;on the wall表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。如:Therere four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall. 7at work(在工作)/at school(上学)/at home(在家)应注意此类短语中无the。8at + 时刻表示钟点。如:at six, at half , past ten. 9like this/that表示方式,意为“像这/那样”。1
6、0of短语表示所属关系。如:a picture of a classroom, a map of China. 11behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所。如:beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree. 12from与to多表示方向,前者意为“从”,后者意为“到”。如:from one to ten, (go) to school/ bed/ work. 另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the mi
7、ddle, in the sky, on ones bike等。重点句型大回放1I think意为“我认为”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I dont think,如:I think hes Mr Zhinag. (L17)I dont think you are right. 2give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把给”,动词give之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用give it/ them to sb. 如:His parents give him a nice purse./His parents
8、give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.(L57)3take sb./ sth. to意为“把(送)带到”,后常接地点,也可接人。如:Please take the new books to the classroom.4One, the other/One isand one is意为“一个是;另一个是”,必须是两者中。如:One is red and one is grey.(L50)或 One is red, the other is grey.5Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,人后应用不带to的动词不定式,其否定式为D
9、ont let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Lets 与Let us的含义不完全相同,前者包括听者在内,后者不包括听者在内,如:Lets go for a walk./Let us try once more, please.6help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换。如:Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me help you with it.7What about?/How about?意为“怎么样
10、?”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词,其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。如:What/How playing chess? 8Its time to do/ Its time for sth. 意为“该做的时间了”,其中to后须接原形动词,for后可接名词或V-ing形式。如:Its time to have supper. =Its time for supper.9like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”,如:Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house. (
11、L 43)前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作,试比较:Tom likes swimming, but doesnt like to swim this afternoon. 10ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式,如:Ask your friends to guess what is in it. (L44)11show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”,该句型的用法同前面第2点。如:Show your friend your family ph
12、oto.(L36)/Show your family photo to your friend. 12introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”;introduce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍”。如:Introduce your family to her. 重点短语快速复习 1.kinds of 各种各样的 2. eitheror或者或者,不是就是 3. neithernor既不也不4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶5. take a seat 就坐6. home cooking 家常做法7. be famou
13、s for 因而著名8. on ones way to在途中9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院10. at the end of在的尽头,在的末尾11. wait for 等待12. in time 及时13. make ones way to往(艰难地)走去14. just then 正在那时15. first of all 首先,第一16. go wrong 走错路17. be/get lost 迷路18. make a noise 吵闹,喧哗19. get on 上车20. get off 下车21. stand in line 站队22. waiting ro
14、om 候诊室,候车室23. at the head of在的前头24. laugh at 嘲笑25. throw about 乱丢,抛散26. in fact 实际上27. at midnight 在半夜28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架30. take ones temperature 给某人体温31. have/get a pain in某处疼痛32. have a headache 头痛33. as soon as 一就34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事35. stop
15、from doing sth. 阻止干某事36. fall asleep 入睡37. again and again再三地,反复地38. wake up 醒来,叫醒39. instead of 代替40. look over 检查41. take exercise运动42. had better(not) do sth. 最好(不要)干某事43. at the weekend 在周末44. on time 按时45. out of从向外46. all by oneself 独立,单独47. lots of=a lot of 许多48. no longer/more=notany longer/
16、more 不再49. get back 回来,取回50. sooner or later迟早51. run away 逃跑52. eat up 吃光,吃完53. run after 追赶54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物55. take(good) care of=look after(well)(好好)照顾,照料56. think of 考虑到,想起57. keep a diary 坚持写日记58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下59. harder and harder 越来越厉害60. turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气等)61.
17、 turn off 关重温重点句型1So + be助动词情牵动词主语前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用到这种倒装结构,表示“另一人(物)也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用“Neither/ Nor + be助动词情态动词+主语”这种倒装结构。例如:He likes playing basketball, and so do I. 他喜欢打篮球,我也喜欢。Kate cant speak Chinese, and I neither/ nor can Jim凯特不会说汉语。吉姆也不会。注意:“So+主语+be助动词情态动词”这一句型常用于表示赞同,进一步肯定对方的看法
18、,表示“的确如此。”“是呀。”例如:一Basketball is very popular game in America篮球在美国是一项很受欢迎的运动。一So it is的确如此。2Turn rightleft at the firstsecondcrossing.这一指路的句型意为“在第一二个十字路口向右左拐。”相当于Take the first secondturning on therightleft. 例如:一Can you tell me the way to the nearest post office?你能告诉我去最近的邮局的路吗?一Walk along this road,
19、and turn left at the third crossing. 沿着这条路走,在第三个路口向左拐。3It takes sbsome time to do sth此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的主语。例如:It took me half an hour to finish the hard work完成这项艰巨的工作花了我半个小时。4thinkfind + it + adj. + to do sth.此句型中的it是形式宾语,不可用其它代词替代,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的宾语。例如:I foun
20、d it important to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很重要。5Whats wrong with?此句型相当于Whats the matter/ trouble with?后跟某物作宾语时,意为“某物出什么毛病了?”后跟某人作宾语时,意为“某人怎么了?”例如:Whats wrong with your bike?你的自行车出什么毛病了?一Its broken它坏了。Whats wrong with you?你怎么了?一I have a pain in my head我头痛。6tooto在sothat复合句中,that后的句子是否定句时,常与简单句tooto(
21、太而不能)进行句型转换。例如:He is so young to go to school(改为简单句)He is too young to go to school在sothat复合句中,that后的句子是肯定句时,常与简单句enough to进行句型转换。例如:This maths problem was so easy that we could work it out. (改为简单句)This maths problem was easy enough for us to work out. 7Sorry to hear that.全句应为Im sorry to hear that.
22、意为“听到此事我很难过(遗憾)。”常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。例如:My mother is ill, so I have to look after her at home. 我母亲病了,因此我必须在家照看她。Sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过。 重点句型、词组大盘点1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她过去是一位汉语老师。用法 used to + 动词原形,表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态,含有现在不再如此之意。搭配 used to do的否定式可以是usednt to do或didnt use to do. 比较 use
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