中考英语《书面表达》解题策略（含答案解析）(7页).doc

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1、-中考英语书面表达解题策略（含答案解析）-第 6 页书面表达 书面表达主要考查学生用文字表达思想感情，进行交流的能力。其题型多样，题材广泛。近年来常采用话题作文的形式，包括提示作文和应用两大类。考查形式多种多样，根据题型可分为: 1.提示作文(提示作文又称材料作文，包括中英文提示、关键词提示、要点提示等，有时给出一个标题，有时无标题，只规定一定的词数，让学生自行发挥);， 2.话题作文(话题作文，就是用一段提示语，限定写作范围、启发思考的一种命题形式。它一般由材料、提示语、话题、要求组成); 3.图表作文(图表作文一般是在表格中给出一定的内容和情景，要求写一篇60一80词的短文); 4.看图作

2、文(看图作文要求学生根据图画，合理联想，将其内容正确表达出来。写作时要注意图画中的时间、地点、人物、事件、环境等)。根据体裁形式可分为: 记叙文，应用文，说明文，议论文等。 一、记叙文 【文体特征】 记叙文是以叙述和描写为主要表达方式，以写人、记小、状物、绘景为主要内容的文体。它又分为写人类记叙文和叙事类记叙文。写人类记叙文: 通过刻画人物性格，塑造人物形象，反映生活，表现主题。叙事类记叙文: 通过叙述事件的起因、经过和结果表现主题。 在记叙文中，记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词现率最高，且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去时态，这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键所在。英语写作的优美之处就

3、在于这些动词时态的变化。因此，多用动词，特别是动态强的行为动词是英语记叙文的又一个明显的语言特点。 【写作指导】 叙事类记叙文主要是叙述过去发生的事，因此叙事类记叙文以一般过去时为主，各种时态为辅，合理使用丰富多彩的动词时态是英语叙事类记叙文的首要语言特征。写人类记叙文如果是对人的性格、外貌等叙述常用一般现在时，如果通过事件来刻画人物的性格，那么就要用过去时。写好记叙文要注意以下几点: 1.头绪分明，脉络清楚 写好记叙文，首先要头绪分明，脉络清楚，明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析，弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程，然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都要围绕五个“W”和一个“H”

4、来展开，分别是why, what, when, where, who及how。 2.突出中心，详略得当 在文章的框架确定后，对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍，应该从表现文章主题的需要出发，分清主次，定好详略。详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节，略写粗述那些非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而会使情节罗列化，使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题，也需要一定的技巧。 3.用活语言，准确生动 记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动，又要表现力强，这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动，其可读性才强。【写作模板】1.写人记叙文 (所

5、写人的名字)is a_ (身份).He/She is_ (数字) years old. He/ She is from_ (地点)，and he/she is(性格和外貌). He/ She has many hobbies and interests. He/ She is good at _ (擅长)_ (科目、运动等，如果是动词，动词要用ing形式).He/She is kind and friendly. He/ She always helps others in need. Everyone likes to make friends with him/her. 【中考真题】(河南

6、中考) 每个人都是独一无二的，都有与众不同之处，人们喜欢你一定会有很多原因。请以“What makes me a good friend?”为题写一篇英语短文。 要求: 1. 语言表达准确，短文连贯通顺; 2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3. 80词左右 What makes me a good friend？【满分作文】I am a boy easy to get along with. I never get angry easily. Thats the most important reason that makes me so popular. I am always rea

7、dy to help others. Whenever my friends meet with troubles, I will give them a hand without even a moments thought.Besides, Im quite humorous. I can always tell some jokes or funny stories to make my friends laugh. They say time spent with me is full of fun.lm honest. I never tell lies. So Im a frien

8、d worth trusting.【范文点评】本文是一篇写人的记叙文，文章主要讲述“我”的一些优点。本文结构严谨，句子流畅，意思表达清楚。 【写作模板】2.写事记叙文 The_ (事件)happened_ (时间和地点), and I still remember the_ (事件). At that time, I was_ (动词+ ing:做的事情). It was a sunny day and things were awfully_ (形容词) before it happened. Then_ (事件)drew my attention. I saw_ (详细说明事件), and

9、 to my_ (表达感受的名词)，_ (当事人) was _ (正在进行的动作). It did not last very long, but it impressed me so deeply that I would_ (自己的感受). Whenever I look back on what happened that day, I think it is right to_ (理应采取的措施或态度一). Whats more, it is important for us to_ (理应采取的措施或态度二). 【中考真题】(黄冈中考)你准备参加学校“英语角“开展的“用英语讲故事活动

10、，你选取了“曹冲称象”这个大家熟悉的故事。请你根据上图内容用英语写一篇80词以上的小短文。注意: 标题、开头和结尾已在答题纸上给出，不计字数。How Cao Chong Had the Elephant Weighted Cao Cao was very glad to have received an elephant as a present._ Can Chong said to his father with kind of pride.【满分作文】How Can Chong Had the Elephant WeighedCao Cao was very glad to have r

11、eceived an elephant as a present. tic wanted to know how heavy the elephant was, but there was no scale (砰) big enough to weigh such a huge creature. One day，Cao Chong said to his father, Ive found a way to weigh the elephant.”Can Chong asked a man to lead the elephant onto a boat. When the boat sto

12、pped sinking, the man draw a line along on the boat side. After the elephant was led away, Cao Chong had some men put stones into the boat until the water reached the line. Cao Chong asked the men to weigh each stone from the boat and put down the number. Add up all the numbers and we will know the

13、weight of the elephant. Cao Chong said to his father with kind of pride.【范文点评】本文是一篇叙事的记叙文，以流畅的语言讲述了一大家所熟知的故事，时态以一般过去时为主，符合叙事性记叙文的特征。【写作模板】3.夹叙夹议记叙文The_ (事件) happened_(地点和时间). I saw_(详细描述事件), and to my_ (表达感受的名词) , the(事情)has become _ (形容词). I am _ (心理感受类的形容词)that_ (事情的后续进展). I think that_ (自己的观点). I

14、f I/we do that, _ (名词)will be better and better.【中考真题】(矜西南州中考)有一种节约叫光盘，有一种公益叫光盘！所谓光盘，就是吃光你盘子中的食物，拒绝浪费，珍惜粮食！针对这项行动，并根据以下提示，请你以“No Wasting On Food，为题写一篇短文，号召大家参与这项活动。要点提示:Reason :1. a waste of food, money2. pollute the environmentSuggestion1. eat up all your food /clear your plate2. leftovers(剩饭菜)3.or

15、der less or smaller dishes注意：1. 短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；2. 语句流畅，书写规范；3. 词数80-100词；4文中不能出现真实人名、地名等信息。5. 开头已给出，不计人总词数。No Wasting On FoodRecently, many restaurants around our country have joined the “Clearing Your Plate ” campaign(活动) against wasting food by offering smaller dishes._-_.【满分作文】No Wasting on F

16、oodRecently, many restaurants in our country have joined Clearing Your Plate campaign(活动) against wasting food by offering smaller dishes.Many people around us also pay more attention to saving food in their daily life. A number of people have realized the importance of saving food. I believe it is

17、meaningful for us to take an active part in this activity. It is a waste of food and money if we order too much food but eat too little. And its not easy for farmers to produce the food for us. There are still too many poor people in the poor area in China, they dont have enough food to eat. Meanwhi

18、le, the environment will be polluted by the wasted food. Also, eating too much is bad for our health. We should take action to support the campaign.What should we do in our daily life to waste less food? First, we should eat up all the food in our dishes and plates. Second, we may order less or smaller dishes in the restaurant. Third, we can take the leftovers home and enjoy them later. In a word, l think it is our duty to refuse the waste of food 【范文点评】本文开始主要讲述更多人加人光盘行动，并列举了节约粗食的好处，最后讲述了我们该如何道免浪费。本文解释充分，层次分明，语句流杨，有很强的说服力。 二、应用文