dryseptember干燥的九月.ppt

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1、Dry September,- By William Faulkner,William Faulkner (1897-1962),The Southern Renaissance,The Southern Renaissance is featured in its unique feeling of guilt, failure and poverty as well. Southern Myths Southern Myths a. Chevalier heritage(骑士精神的传承) b. Agrarian virtue（土地的价值） c. Plantation aristocracy

2、 （种植园主） d. Lost cause （注定要失败的势力） e. White supremacy （白人至上） f. Purity of womanhood （女人的纯洁）,William Faulkner (1897-1962),-One of the greatest writer in 20th century -initiator of Southern Renaissance -one of the most influential modernist novel writers in the West,An American novelist and poet whose w

3、orks feature his native state of Mississippi regarded as one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century awarded the 1949 Nobel Prize for Literature.,Simultaneously(同时地） original and assimilative； regarded as one of the leading American writers in the literary history of the United Stat

4、es； a representative of the writers using stream of consciousness,（William Faulkner 18971962）,Works are famous for multiple（多重的） narrations and time shifts within narrative. Works are known to be very challenging and difficult.,William Faulkner (1897-1962),William Faulkner was born on September 25,

5、1897 and began to write poetry as a teenager. During World War I, he joined the Canadian Royal Flying Corps but never fought; the day he graduated from the Flying Corps, the Armistice(休战） was signed. The only war injury he received was the result of getting drunk and partying too hard on Armistice D

6、ay, wherein he injured his leg.,Faulkner in Hollywood,In the university of Virginia campus,William Faulkner: Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech - I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work - a lifes work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all fo

7、r profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before.-我感觉，这个奖不是授予我这个人，而是授予我的工作，它是对我呕心沥血、毕生从事的人类精神探索的工作的肯定。我的这项工作不为名，更不图利，而是要从人类精神的原始素材里创造出前所未有的东西。,(1) 19241929: training as a writer (习作阶段）The Marble Faun 大理石雕像 Soldiers Pay 士兵的报酬 Mosquitoes蚊群 ,literary

8、 career: (three stages),(2) 19291936: most productive and prolific period （鼎盛时期）Sartoris 萨托里斯 The Sound and the Fury 喧哗与骚动 As I Lay Dying 在我弥留之际 Light in August 八月之光Absalom, Absalom 押沙龙，押沙龙！,(3) 1940end: won recognition in America （巩固和确认）Go Down, Moses 去吧，摩西 ,Faulkners most celebrated novels,The Sou

9、nd and the Fury (1929) 喧哗与骚动,书名的典故出自莎士比亚悲剧麦克白第5幕第5场麦克白的有名台词：“人生如痴人说梦，充满着喧哗与骚动，却没有任何意义。” 多角度的叙述方法 “意识流”手法 “神话模式”手法,His Short story collection,These 13 (1931), 这十三篇includes many of his most acclaimed （称赞的）(and most frequently anthologized（收入选集的 ) stories, including A Rose for Emily,“献给爱米丽的玫瑰 Red Leave

10、s 红叶 That Evening Sun 夕阳 Dry September干燥的九月,Yoknapatawpha 约克纳帕塔法,Yoknapatawpha County（约克纳帕塔法县）: - A fictional county in northern Mississippi, the setting for most of William Faulkners novels and short stories, and patterned upon Faulkners actual home in Lafayette County, Mississippi.,Yoknapatawpha K

11、ingdom,The Yoknapatawpha stories deal, generally, with the historical period from the Civil War up to the 1920s when the First World War broke out, and people of stratified(分层次) society, the aristocrats, the new rich, the poor white, and the blacks. As a result, Yoknapatawpha County （约克纳帕塔法县） has be

12、come an allegory（寓言） or a parable of the Old South（老南方/南北战争前的美国南方) , with which Faulkner has managed successfully to show a panorama（全貌） of the experience and consciousness of the whole Southern society.,福克纳手绘“约克纳帕塔法县地图”,“约克纳帕塔法世系”,这个“世系”以美国南方几个庄园主世家的荣辱兴衰为主线，表现了一个世纪以来美国南方社会的历史命运、社会变迁以及各阶层人物的起伏沉浮，写出了

13、美国南方地区的典型特征，具有浓厚的乡土气息。,Dry September,Plot Analysis of “Dry September”,Most good stories start with a fundamental list of ingredients: the initial situation 开端 conflict 冲突 Complication 复杂化 Climax 高潮 Suspense 悬念 Denouement 结局,Initial Situationsection I,Saturday night at the barber shop 1 what is the e

14、nvironmental background of the story? 2 In the barber shop, what are people talking about? 3 who gather in barber shop and what are their attitude towards the rumor?,Barber: “I know Will Mayes. Hes a good nigger. And I know Miss Minnie Cooper, too. I dont believe Will Mayes did it, The client (the d

15、rummer): Then you are a hell of a white man, Do you claim that anything excuses a nigger attacking a white woman? The client (to the second speaker): Do you mean to tell me you are a white man and youll stand for it? You better go back North where you came from. The South dont want your kind here.,T

16、he youth (Butch): Do you accuse a white woman of lying? you damn niggerlover.” McLendon: are you going to sit there and let a black son rape a white woman on the streets of Jefferson? The third （a soldier)：Did it really happen? a third said. This aint the first man scare she ever had, like Hawkshaw

17、says. Wasnt there something about a man on the kitchen roof, watching her undress, about a year ago?,McLendon:(to the third speaker.) Happen? What the hell difference does it make? Are you going to let the black sons get away with it until one really does it? McLendon:no talking necessary at all. Iv

18、e done my talking. Whos with me? Barber: (held the drummers face down, the razor poised)“ Find out the facts first, boys. I know Willy Mayes. It wasnt him. Lets get the sheriff and do this thing right.,McLendon:( to Barber):that youd take a niggers word before a white womans? Why, you damn niggerlov

19、ing The third （a soldier)：The third speaker rose and grasped McLendons arm; he too had been a soldier. Now, now. Lets figure this thing out. Who knows anything about what really happened? McLendon:All thatre with me get up from there. The ones that aint-,McLendon, The third （a soldier), The youth (B

20、utch), The client (the drummer) went to find Will Mayes,Conflictsection II,Meet Miss Minnie Cooper 1 How old is Minnie Cooper ? 2 what does Minnie Cooper usually do until noon? And afternoon? 3 when Minnie Cooper was young, what was her situation? How about when she was old? 4 who does Minnie Cooper

21、 have affair with? 5 what is her situation now?,When she was young,She was of comfortable people-not the best in Jefferson, but good people enough-and she was still on the slender side of ordinary looking, with a bright, faintly haggard manner and dress. When she was young she had had a slender, ner

22、vous body and a sort of hard vivacity which had enabled her for a time to ride upon the crest of the towns social life as exemplified by the high school party and church social period of her contemporaries while still children enough to be unclassconscious. (p.239),When she was old,She was the last

23、to realize that she was losing ground; that those among whom she had been a little brighter and louder flame than any other were beginning to learn the pleasure of snobbery-male-and retaliation-female. That was when her face began to wear that bright, haggard look. She still carried it to parties on

24、 shadowy porticoes and summer lawns, like a mask or a flag, with that bafflement of furious repudiation of truth in her eyes.( P.239),When she was old,She watched the girls with whom she had grown up as they married and got homes and children, but no man ever called on her steadily until the childre

25、n of the other girls had been calling her aunty for several years, the while their mothers told them in bright voices about how popular Aunt Minnie had been as a girl. ( P.239),After the affair with the cashier,That was when she began to ask her old schoolmates that their children call her cousin in

26、stead of aunty. .( P.239),Her situation now,Against that background Minnies bright dresses, her idle and empty days, had a quality of furious unreality. She went out in the evenings only with women now, neighbors, to the moving pictures.,Her situation now,Each afternoon she dressed in one of the new

27、 dresses and went downtown alone, where her young cousins were already strolling in the late afternoons with their delicate, silken heads and thin, awkward arms and conscious hips, clinging to one another or shrieking and giggling with paired boys in the soda fountain when she passed and went on alo

28、ng the serried store fronts, in the doors of which the sitting and lounging men did not even follow her with their eyes any more.(p.240),ComplicationSection III,In this stage were back to the men. Five men drive out of town, McLendon, the stranger, the ex-soldier, Hawkshaw, and Butch. Things get com

29、plicated when they arrive at the ice plant and kidnap Will. 1 why does the barber go with them? 2 Does the barber blow Will? why? 3 why does Hawkshaw jump from the moving vehicle? 4 how many people are there in the car when Barber notices the car comes back?,What happens to Will?,In all likelihood,

30、Will is killed. In any case, when Hawkshaw sees McLendon drive by on his way back to town, there are only four men in the car Will has been left somewhere dead at worst, and severely injured and humiliated at the very least.,Climax section IV,after the rumor 1 On that Saturday evening, what happens

31、to Minnie ? 2 when she entered the square, does she become the center of the street? How do you know? 3 why “Theres not a Negro on the square. Not one”?,这种被压抑的内心情感最终还是爆发了, 当成双成对的年轻人轻盈匀称、柔滑光亮的侧影出现在电影院里, 当他们充满青春活力的身后“银色的美梦连绵不断的编织着, 奔泻向前, 永无尽头” 的时候, 她再也遏制不住自己, 放声大笑。她的尖声狂笑是多年来被压抑的情感的释放, 是对已经逝去的青春年华的挽歌,

32、也是对未来生活的绝望。如仙境乐园般的电影院终究不能让她摆脱现实的残酷与冷漠。,after the rumor,Minnies breakdown in the movie theatre, which culminates(达到极点) in her laughing/screaming fit in the bedroom probably occurs around the same time something bad is happening to Will.,after the rumor,If we were to witness the details of the abuse o

33、f Will Mayes, we would have a double climax on our hands. But, Wills climax is left untold, a dark secret, something unpleasant to be hushed up like Minnies breakdown.,Suspense,When we get to Section 5, we have some hope that we will learn 1) what happened to Will after Hawkshaw removed himself from

34、 the scene, 2) learn what really happened between Will and Minnie, 3) pick up some details on how the rumor got started. Since those questions arent conclusively answered, the story suspends us in this Suspense Stage,Denouementsection V,McLendon at home what kind people is McLendon at home? What kin

35、d people is Mclendons wife? Compared with Minnie Cooper, who do you think is more lucky?,McLendons House,It was trim and fresh as a birdcage and almost as small, with its clean, green and white paint. This line gives us license to think of McLendon and his wife as caged birds. Their house might look

36、 neat and clean on the outside, but inside violence and fear stalk the rooms.,Characters in “Dry September”,Henry Hawkshaw Stribling,Truth-seeker, hero, reasonable man, and, perhaps, coward 霍克肖失败的正义捍卫者,Will Mayes,Obedient Poor and defenseless Innocent Nobody prefers to believe him, just because he i

37、s a black man,Minnie Cooper,A southern aristocrat Has no occupation, no social position Outdated and unappealing Her desire of being accepted vs. her morality To prove still sexually desirable created the rumor,1. symbol of the decline of southern aristocracy 2. aging, rotten, lifeless, and deserted

38、,John McLendon,His gun, hat, handcuffs, and experience as a military commander give him a general air of authority. Commander McLendon recruits his troops in the barbershop and then proceeds to wage war on Will, for the honor of white women in Jefferson.,McLendon is, most likely, a murderer, and Wil

39、l was probably not his first victim. McLendon seems practiced and systematic in carrying out his plan. He is chilling to the extreme, unwilling to listen to reason, and bent on keeping the black citizens of Jefferson in a state of fear. 麦克兰登可怕的南方女性“保护神”,Note,白人对黑人男子破坏白种妇女贞洁有着无名的恐惧。因为, 这种虚无缥缈的贞洁对于维护南

40、方妇道神话有着举足轻重的作用. 妇女尤其是白种女人被看成是贞洁, 虔诚与自我牺牲等美德的化身, 她们在某种程度上是家族荣誉及社会声望的代表。在福克纳的代表作喧嚣与骚动中, 康普生家族因为凯蒂失贞而将其赶出家门, 使她最终沦落为德国军官的情妇。,Mrs. McLendon,We know nothing about her other than that she reads magazines and is in a dangerous relationship with a dangerous man, McLendon. her active character (in contrast t

41、o Minnies relatively passive character) gives us a glimmer of hope in this otherwise bleak story.,If Mrs. McLendon can actively resist an enormous bully like McLendon to the extent that she does, she might just be strong enough to leave him, or otherwise remove herself from his abuse.,Butch,Butch is

42、 a young man. Before McLendon appears on the scene to recruit men for his vigilante mob, Butch argues for drastic action against Will on the basis of the rumor. He joins the mob and participates in Wills kidnapping, and probably his murder.,The Soldier,The soldier is actually an ex-soldier. In the b

43、arbershop he seems to side with Butch that something should be done about Will, but he agrees with Hawkshaw that a proper investigation should be conducted. Nonetheless he is recruited by McLendon and participates in the crimes against Will.,The Stranger,The stranger is a traveling salesman, or a dr

44、ummer a person who drums-up sales. He is being shaved by Hawkshaw during the argument over the rumor. He joins the vigilante gang and participates in the crimes against Will.,Who is the victim?,Minnie Cooper (the white woman) Will Mayes (the black man),Who is the victim?, Mayes: victim of his race M

45、innie Cooper : victim of her gender Minnie is as much a victim of the social standards and practices of southern society as Willie Mayes is.,Theme of Dry September,Violence,The explicit violence in the text, the initial beating and abduction of Will Mayes by a vigilante group, and John McLendons abu

46、se of his wife, Much of the storys violence is in the form of psychological pressure, and social pressure, and is exposed as the violence of a community deeply divided along class, racial, and gender lines. The violence of nature is also at work. After some two months without rain, in the hottest pa

47、rt of the Mississippi summer, Jefferson is on the verge of self-combustion.,Race,a story set in post-slavery, pre-Civil Rights Mississippi, life is black and white. For such characters, most notably John McLendon, contact between black people and white people is governed by a strict unwritten code O

48、ther characters, like Henry Hawkshaw, see past color to the character of the individual, regardless of color. The interplay between these two modes of vision sparks much of the tension in this story.,Justice and Judgment,The story features a vigilante mob, and explores the psychology of the mobs for

49、mation and operation. As we all know, this scenario was real in the pre-Civil Rights South, and even after that. Set in the late 1920s or early 1930s, the story presents a vision of a place where justice seems completely absent, and where conviction and sentencing come before investigation and trial.,Symbolism,The ice plant where Will works as a night watchman can be seen as a symbol of hope, a symbol of labor, and a symbol of the lack of productive imagination and untapped resources. It also helps make Will a sympathetic character, and, when taken w