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1、-介词的用法辨析-第 4 页介词的用法辨析 时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别:表示时间时:in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后), on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间; 表示地点时:in表示在某个范围之内, on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如:He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/ I usually get up at 7:00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七点钟起床) / His glasses are
2、 right on his nose.(他的眼镜就架在他的鼻子上)/ He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在电影院) after与in表示时间的用法区别:“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在时刻之后”常用于一般时态;“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。如:He said that he would be here after 6:00.(他说他六点钟之后会来这儿)/ My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来) since
3、与for表示时间的用法区别:“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从起一直到现在”,“for +(一段时间)”表示“总共有之久”,都常用于完成时态;如:Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自从1970年起就在这家工厂工作了)/ Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在这家工厂已经工作了30多年) by、in与with表示方式的用法区别:都可以表示“工具、手段”by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者;
4、in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如:We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路)/ Please write that article(文章) in English.(请你用英语写那篇文章)/ Lets go to the zoo by taxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的) about与on的用法区别:都可以表示“有关”about的意义比较广,而on主要表示“有关(专题/课程)”。如:Tom is going
5、 to give a talk on the history of America.(汤姆要作一个美国历史的报告)/ They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他们兴致勃勃地谈论着即将来到的野外旅游) through与across、over的用法区别: through指“穿过(门洞/人群/树林)”;着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内穿过 across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。over多表示从“上方越过” past表示从“面前经过” 如:Just then a rat (鼠)ran acro
6、ss the road.(就在那时一只老鼠跑过路面)/ There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座桥)/ They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(他们翻过大山提前到达了那里)/ The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园)Someone has just gone past the window. (7)as与like的区别:两个词都表示“像”,as译为“作
7、为”,表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实like译为“像一样”,表示外表,不是事实。如:Let me speak to you as a father.(我以父亲的身份和你讲话。)(说话者是听者的父亲) / Let me speak to you like a father.(让我像一位父亲一样和你讲话)(说话者不是听者的父亲)(8)at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法区别:at the end of既可以表示时间也可以表示地点,译为“在末;在尽头”,常与过去时连用;by the end of只能表示时间,译为“在前;到为止”,常
8、用于过去完成时; in the end与at last基本等义,表示“终于、最后”,通常用于过去时;to the end译为“到的终点为止”,前面往往有表示运动或连续性的动词。如: By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.(到上学期期末我们已经学习了第三册16个单元)/ At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows.(在路的尽头你能找到一幢有棕色窗户的白房子)/ They left for Beijing at th
9、e end of last week.(上周末他们动身去了北京)/ In the end he succeeded in the final exams.(他最终在期末考试中考及格了)/ We should go on with the work to the end.(我们应该把工作干到底)/ Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.(沿这条路走到底就能看见一家邮电局)(9)for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的区别:for a moment“一
10、会儿、片刻”(=for a while),常与持续性动词连用;for the moment“暂时、目前”,常用于现在时;in a moment“一会儿、立即、马上”(=soon; in a few minutes),一般用于将来时;at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于现在进行时。如:Please wait for a moment.(请稍等)/ Lets leave things as they are for the moment.(暂时就维持现状吧!) Ill come back in a moment.(我过会儿回来)/ I am very busy at the
11、moment.(眼下我很忙)(10)but的问题: 用介词but引出另一个动词时,要注意:如果前面有do,后面就用原形动词,前面没有do时,后面的动词要加to。如:I could do nothing but wait.(我什么也做不了只能等) / They had no choice(选择) but to fight.(他们没有选择只有战斗)(11)in front of 与in the front of: in front of“在的前面”, 与in the front of“在的前部”。如:A car was parking in front of the hall.(大厅跟前停着一辆汽
12、车)/ In the front of the hall stood a big desk.(大厅前部立着一个大讲台) (12) except与besides的区别:except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含;而besides“除了”则表示包含,即“不仅又”。如:Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了故宫博物院)(Tom没有去故宫) Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(除了汉语之外,他还学其他许多功课)(“汉语”也是他学的功课之一)(13)
13、动作介词to与toward的用法辨析介词to表示向某处移动,介词toward 表示移向某处,如:They were driving to work together. Were moving toward the light. (15)材料介词of和from的用法of用于成品与材料的性质不变时, 如:The desk is made of wood. from用于成品与材料的性质已变时, 如:Wine is made from grapes. (16)表示“用”的介词in、with、by的用法辨析in表示“用材料、语言” 如:Can you say it in English? with表示“
14、用工具、某物” 如:with a pen by表示“用、以、靠、通过方法” 如:He prefers traveling by car. (17)介词between与among的用法辨析between 表示“在两者之间” 如:Dont sit between the two girls. among表示“在当中(三者或以上)” 如:They lived among the mountains in the past. (18)时间介词during与for的用法辨析当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during 如:He swims every day during the summer. 如果一段时
15、间不明确则用介词for 如:I havent seen her for years. (19)时间介词before与by的用法辨析before表示“在之前”如:He wont come back before five . by表示“到时为止,不迟于”如:The work must be finished by Friday. 方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。如:She went across the street to make some purchases. 介词through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内穿过。如:The sunlight was coming in through the window. 介词over多表示从“上方越过”,如:He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it. 介词past表示从“面前经过”,如:Someone has just gone past the window.
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