初中常见易混淆词用法辨析(14页).doc

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1、-初中常见易混淆词用法辨析-第 14 页初中易混淆词用法（考点+重点）辨析(1)“Why not+动词原形+?”(干嘛不?)是简略句,完全形式是：Why dont you +动词原形+?如：Why not go and have a look?(干嘛不去看看？)/ Why not try it once again?(为什么不再试试？)(2) seem(好象)的用法：记住几个结构：sb./sth. + seem + (to be+)形容词+；sb./sth. + seem + like +；sb/sth + seem + to (do)；It seems that + 从句。如：He seem

2、ed (to be) very happy when he was called by the headmaster. (被校长叫到名字时他好象很开心) / It seems that nobody else could do such a foolish thing except Jim. (除了吉姆好象没有什么人会做出如此愚蠢的事情来)(3) be afraid(害怕)的用法：记住几个结构：be afraid of sth; be afraid of (doing); be afraid to (do); be afraid that+从句。如：She is a little afraid

3、 of snakes.(她有点怕蛇)/ Dont be so afraid to stay at home alone at night.(别害怕晚上一个人在家)/ Im afraid that somebody will take his place because of his serious mistakes.(恐怕有人要取代他了,因为他犯了那么大的错误)(4) be sorry(抱歉)的用法：记住几个结构：be sorry for (sth); be sorry for (doing sth); be sorry to (do); be sorry that+从句。如：I am ver

4、y sorry for keeping you waiting so long.(不好意思让你久等了)I am sorry to trouble you.(对不起,麻烦你了)/ I am sorry (that) he isnt here at the moment.(恐怕他现在不在)(5) be sure (确信)的用法：记住几个结构： be sure of (sth); be sure to(do); be sure that+从句。如：She told me many times that she was sure to come.(她给我讲过多次她一定会来的) / Are you su

5、re of your answer?Maybe its wrong.(你对你的答案有把握吗？也许是错的。)/ I am sure that Dad will help me with the job.(我确信爸爸会帮着我做这件事情的)(6) make 与do的用法：一般情况下表示进行活动或者做工作用do,表示创造建构某事物用make. 如：I dont know what to do.(我不知道该干什么)/ Im not going to do any work.(我不准备做什么)/ My father and I once made a boat.(我和我爸曾经做过一只船)此外还要记住一些固

6、定说法：do good / harm / business / ones best / a favourmake a decision / an effort / a mistake / a noise / a phone call / money / war / the bed / sure,. (7)put on、wear、haveon、be in、try on、dress的用法：put on强调“穿、戴”这个动作过程,wear则表示“穿着、戴着”这一状态,have+衣物+on主要表示状态,be in(+颜色/衣物)也是表示一个状况,dress(+人)表示“给人穿衣”。如：Please p

7、ut on your new shoes.(请穿上你的新鞋)/ The twins are wearing the same clothes.(双胞胎穿着相同的衣服)/ Today she has an overcoat on.(今天她穿着一件大衣) / Do you know the woman who is in black?(你认识那个身穿黑衣的女人吗？)/ Dad is dressing Tom now.(爹正在给汤姆穿衣)注意dress与wear或put on的区别：wear或put on常用衣物作宾语,而dress常用人作宾语。表示给自己穿衣时常用“get dressed”或“dr

8、ess oneself”表达。be dressed in与wear基本同义。dress up意为“穿上盛装、乔装打扮”。如：Could you dress the baby for me?(你能替我给宝宝穿衣吗？)/ He is eight but cant dress himself.(他八岁了,还不会穿衣服)/ She was dressed in a red coat.(她穿着一件红上衣)/ Do I have to dress up to go to Jims party?(我得穿上好衣服去参加吉姆的聚会吗？)(8)like、love与enjoy的用法：三个词都含有“喜欢”的意思,但是

9、,like和enjoy后面跟动名词,love 后面一般跟动词不定式。like后面有时跟动词不定式,表示一种习惯或嗜好(往往与具体的时间或地点有关)。enjoy后面还可以加名词、反身代词,表示“享受乐趣；玩得开心”。如：Do you like shopping?(你喜欢购物吗？)/ He likes to have a swim when he gets home every afternoon.(每天下午放学后他总爱游个泳)/ They love to sing foreign songs.(他们喜爱唱外国歌曲)/ Did you enjoy yourself at the party?(在聚

10、会上你玩得开心吗？)/ He enjoys living in China.(他喜欢在中国生活)(9)study、learn的用法： study主要表示“学习、研究”,指过程；而learn主要表示“学会”,指结果。表示“学”时可以互换。如：How many subjects do you study?(你学多少门课程？) / Have you learned it yet?(这个你学过了吗？)/ How long have you studied/learned English?(你学英语多久了？) learn还可以表示“听说”,如：He learned the musician himsel

11、f was in town.(他听说音乐家本人就在城里)(10)think、want、would like的用法：三个词都含有“想”的意思,但think指“思考、考虑”,want指“想要、愿望、企图”,would like指“想要”,think后面一般跟介词短语或从句,want和would like后面跟名词或动词不定式。如：Do you think that China will become a developed country in 40 years? (你认为中国会在40年后成为发达国家吗？)/ I am thinking of the money I once lent to Li

12、 Min.(我正在想着以前借给黎敏的钱)/ What do you really want to say?(你到底想干什么？)/ Which of these cakes would you like (to have)?(这些饼子中你想吃哪些？)(11)look for、searchfor、find、find out的用法：前面两个词语表示动作过程,后面两个表示结果,look for指“寻找”不见的或丢失的东西,但还没有找到；searchfor指“为找而搜寻”；find指“找到”了东西；find out主要指“查明一个事实真相”。如：Hey, Monkey, what are you loo

13、king for in the cupboard?(嘿,猴儿！你在厨子里面找什么呢？)/ Have you found the lost key to your car?(你找着丢失的车钥匙了吗？)/ The soldiers were searching the room for the spy when they heard a loud noise.(士兵们正在房间里面搜寻间谍突然间他们听到了衣声巨响)/ Lets try to find out who broke the window.(让我们查查谁把窗子打破了)注解 find的几个结构：find sb. sth“为某人找到”,fin

14、d sth./sb. + adj./n.“发觉某人是”,find it +adj. + to do(或+宾语从句)“发现(做)如何”。如： His mother found her daughter a very clever girl.(他的母亲发现她的女儿是个聪明的女孩)(名词作补语补足语) / You can easily find it not good for your health to eat cold food.(你很容易就会发现吃冷食对你的身体是不利的)(12)listen to、hear的用法：两个词与听觉有关,listen to指“听”这一过程,hear指“听到”这一结果

15、。如：Are you listening to me,Jim? Yes,I have heard your words.(吉姆,你在听我说吗？是的,你的话我全听见了)(13)look、see、watch、read的用法：四个词均与眼睛有关,look指放眼去“看”(不管是否看得到),指“看”的过程；see指“看见”这一结果,有时see还引申为“明白”,表示“看”时后面加“电影”等词；watch指专注的看,含有“注视、监视”之义,后面常跟“电视、比赛”等词；read限制为看书面材料,译为“看、阅读”,后面跟“书、报纸、杂志”等词。如：What are you looking at?(你在看什么？)

16、/ Please look at the blackboard. (请看黑板)/ Let me go to see the film, mum, will you? (妈妈,让我去看电影吧,好吗？)/ He wont feel well until he finishes watching the football match. (要看完了足球赛他才会感觉好些)/ Reading gives us knowledge.(阅读给我们知识)(14)hear、hear of、hear from、learn的用法： hear“听说”,后面可以跟名词、代词、从句表示听见的内容,hear of“听说”,后

17、面跟人,指对某人有耳闻但没有见过面；hear from“收到的来信”,后面加人；learn“听说、得知”,后面跟从句,含义与hear相似。如：I hear Mr Green is coming to see us tonight. (我听说格林先生今晚要来看望我们)/ Have you ever heard of the man who once went to the Himalaya Mountains? (你是否听说过那个去过喜马拉雅山的人？)/ How often do you hear from your father? (隔多久你收到你父亲的信？)/ He learned the

18、musician himself was in town.(他听说音乐家本人就在城里) (15)speak、talk、say、tell的用法：四个词与“说”有关。speak“讲话、发言、演说”,是不及物动词,涉及人时要加介词to, speak作及物动词时后面跟语言名称；talk“谈话、闲谈”,是不及物动词,涉及人时用介词with、to等,涉及事情时后面跟介词about等；say 是及物动词,后面跟名词、代词、从句等,表示说的内容；tell是及物动词,后面首先要跟人,然后再跟从句或者介词短语等。如：Do you speak English? (你讲英语吗？)/ Who spoke at the

19、meeting? (谁在会上发了言？)/ Our teacher is talking to Lin Taos parent. (我们的老师正在跟林涛的家长讲话)/ Can you say it in English? (你能用英语说出它吗？)/ Please tell me something about the strange flying object. (请跟我讲讲那个奇怪的飞行物的事情吧)(16)be able to(do)、can的用法：can是情态动词,有许多含义,表示“可能、可以、会”等意思,只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式；be able to表示能力上“会”,有多

20、种时态形式,to后面跟动词原形,有时可以与can/could互换。如：Can you speak English? (你会说英语吗？)/ He couldnt(wasnt able to) swim when he was 12. (他十二岁时不会游泳) (17)there be、have的用法：两个词都可以译为“有”,但是,have表示的是“拥有”,主语必须是人或者物；there be表示“存在”的概念,主语在there be之后。如：How many brothers and sisters do you have? I have only one brother. (你有多少兄弟？我只有

21、一个兄弟。)/ How many chairs and desks are there in their classroom? There is none. (他们教室里有多少张桌椅？一张也没有。)注解there be sb./sth doing与there be sb./sth to do 有所不同：用doing表示一个正在发生的事情,而用to do 则表示一个滞后或迟于there be的动作。如： Look! There is a dog lying on the stairway. / Take your time. There is nothing for you to do toni

22、ght.(18)borrow、lend、keep的用法：表示“借”的三个词,borrow“借进”、lend“出借”都是一次性动作,不可以和表示一段的时间状语连用；keep“保存”用来表示借一段时间。如： I have lost the book I borrowed from my teacher. What can I do? (我丢掉了从老师那里借来的书)/ How long have you kept my dictionary,eh?For more than two months! (呃,我的字典你借了多久了？两个多月了！)(19)bring、take、carry、send、lift

23、的用法：bring指从远处“拿来”；take指从面前“拿走”；carry指一般的搬运,不涉及方向；send主要指“送、派遣、寄”；lift指把东西由低向高“提起、拎起”。(20)hope、wish的用法：两个词都表示“希望”,但是,hope表达有把握或信心实现的事情,后面直接跟动词不定式或者宾语从句,不可以跟动名词或作宾语补足语的不定式；wish表达实现的可能性不大的事情,后面跟名词、宾语从句(用过去时)或者作宾语补足语的不定式。如：We all hope to see him very soon. (我们全都希望尽快见到他)/ I hope it will be fine tomorrow

24、so that we can go out. (我希望明天天好,这样我们就能出去了。)/ How I wish it was not raining at the moment!(我多么希望此刻不在下雨！)(事实上天正在下雨)(21)take、spend、pay、cost的用法：spend的宾语通常是金钱或时间,句型：sb.+(spend)+时间/金钱+on sth / (in) doing sth. ；take的主语通常是事情,句型：sth./It + (take)+sb.+时间+to do 。(如果是动作则常用it作形式主语将动词不定式后移)； cost的宾语通常是时间、金钱、力气,句型：

25、sth. +(cost)+sb.+时间/金钱/力气. ；pay的宾语通常是金钱,句型：sb.+(pay)+金钱+for+事物 如：She spent the whole night reading the novel. (她花了一个晚上看那本小说)/ This job will take me two days.=It will take me two days to do the job. (做这件事情要花我两天的时间)/ How much does a house like this cost? (像这样的房子要花多少钱？)/ I paid him twenty dollars for t

26、he book. (我花了20元从他那儿买了书)(22)begin、start的用法：begin在大多数情况下可以替代start,(反义词是end),后面接不定式或动名词时区别不大,但是start还可以表示“开始、出发、启动”,反义词是stop；某事停止后再重新开始一般用start.如：When did you begin/start to learn English? (你什么时候开始学英语的？)/ They started getting in the crops after the rain stopped. (雨停后他们开始收割庄稼) / This time he could not

27、start his car. (这次他没法启动他的汽车)(23)arrive in/at、reach、get to的用法：arrive是不及物动词,到达具体地点时后面加介词at,到达一个大的地方(国家、城市)时后面加介词in, arrive后面可以直接跟地点副词here/there/home等；get表示“到达”时是不及物动词,涉及地点(无论大小)时后面加to, get后面可以直接跟地点副词here等；reach是及物动词,后面直接跟地点名词。如：He arrived in San Francisco last Sunday. (上个星期天他抵达旧金山)/ How did you get th

28、ere in the night? (你是怎样在夜间到达那里的？)/ We hurried all the way and reached the station just five minutes before the train left. (我们一路狂奔在火车启动前5分钟到达车站)(24)be made of、be made from、be made into、be made in、be made by、be made for的区别：be made of指从制成品中可以看得出原材料,而be made from则指从制成品中看不出原材料,口语中都可以换成be made out of。 be

29、 made into表示“被制成”,be made in表达被制造的地点,be made by表达制造的人,be made for表达被制造的目的。如：This kind of paper is made from bamboo. (这种纸是由竹子生产的)/ The desk is made of wood and metal. (桌子是铁和木头打的)/ A lot of paper has been made into paper birds. (许多纸被折叠成了小鸟)/ Computers are made in these cities. (计算机是在这几个城市制造的)/ This ki

30、te was made by Uncle Wang. (这个风筝是王叔叔做的)/ A big bag was made for me to hold my waste things.(一只大包做好了让我装废物)(25)be used for、be used to、used to、get used to的区别：be used for + 名词/代词或动名词, be used to + 动词原形,表示两个短语意思相近,表示“用于”。 used to + 动词原形,表示“过去常常”,否定式可以是“didnt use to”也可以是“usednt to”；get/be used to + 动名词,表示

31、“习惯于.”。如：A knife can be used for cutting things.(刀可以用来割东西)/ A knife can be used to cut things.(刀可以用来割东西)/ He used to borrow novels from the library when he was at school. (他上学时常常在图书馆借书)/ He is used to getting up early in the morning. (他习惯早起)(26)beat, win与lose： beat (打败),后面跟“人”,而win(赢得),后面跟“比赛、竞赛”等。如

32、：Who won at last? (最后谁赢了？)/ Class Three beat us 5-0. (三班以50打败了我们)/ I am sure to win the match. (我一定能赢得比赛)而lose则表示“输了”,常用句型：lose sth. to sb. 如：Unluckily we lost the match to Class Three. (不幸的是我们比赛输给了三班)(27)grow、plant、keep的区别：plant着重讲“栽、种植”这个动作,grow则指种植以后的“栽培”、“管理”,而keep则主要指“喂养”、“赡养”一个人或者动物。如 ：He grew

33、 vegetables in his garden. (他在园子里种菜)/ I planted ten trees last year,but four of them died. (去年我栽了10棵树,但是死了4棵)/ Old women enjoy keeping cats or dogs to kill the time. (老年的妇女喜欢养猫养狗打发时间)(28)fall 、drop的区别：fall指东西由高处向下坠落,不及物动词；也可以作连系动词,意思是“变得,进入某种状态”。drop表示物体由高处往低处落下,不及物动词；或让物体落向低处,及物动词。如：The man fell of

34、f the tractor and hurt himself. (那个人从拖拉机上摔下来跌伤了)/ Soon after they touched the pillows they fell (系动词) fast asleep. (他们头挨枕头不久就睡着了)/ He felt as if he had to drop maths.(他觉得似乎要放弃数学)/ He dropped a letter into the mail-box.(他向邮箱里丢了一封信)(29)join、join in、take part in的区别：join多指参加组织、团体、党派等,后面跟人时表示和某人一起参加某项活动；

35、join in指参加某项游戏或活动；take part in多指参加群众性的活动、运动、会议等。如：He joined the army in 2001.(他2001年参军)/ They joined me in congratulating you.(他们和我一起向你祝贺)/ Do join us in the game.(千万参加我们的比赛) / He took an active part in the students movement in the 1940s.(在二十世纪40年代他积极参加学生运动)(30)beat、hit、strike的用法区别：beat指“连续不断地打击；(心脏

36、的)跳动”；hit指“一次性地撞击、命中”；strike与hit基本同义,还可以理解为“划(火柴)、给深刻的印象”。如：The man looks dead, but his heart is still beating weakly. (那个人看上去死了可心脏还在微弱地跳动) / He hit the ball so hard that it flew over their heads and fell into the lake. (他踢球的劲太大球飞过他们的头顶落入水中) / He went into the room and struck a match(火柴). (他走进房间划着了一

37、根火柴)(31)carry on、carry out的区别：carry on表示“进行、继续”；carry out表示“进行、贯彻、实现”。如：I will carry on the work. (我会继续工作)/ I have some difficulties in carrying out his orders. (对于执行他的命令我有问题)(32)be amazed与be surprised的区别：be amazed“感到惊讶”,指人对某个不可能发生却实际发生了的事情感到极其的讶异；be surprised“感到吃惊”指人对突发的事件感到惊讶。如：When he dived deep

38、into the sea, he was amazed at the colors of all the beautiful coral reefs. (他深潜到海中时被所有美丽的珊瑚礁惊呆了) / He was very surprised when he heard a loud noise from inside the room. (听到房间里传出一个很大的声音他非常地吃惊)(33)warn的用法：“warn sb. of/about sth”意思是“针对而警告某人”；“warn sb (not) to do sth”意思是“告戒某人(不)要做某事”；“warn sb. + that从

39、句”意思是“警告某人说”。如：They warned the passengers of thieves. (他警告路人小心窃贼) / I warn you that you will fail in the coming exams if you are still so lazy. (我警告你：如果你还这么懒在即将来到的考试中你会不及格的。) / He was warned not to go out in the late night. (他受到警告不要在深夜出去) (34)think of与think about等短语的区别：think of表示“考虑、思念、认为、想起、建议”等；“t

40、hink about”表示“看待、认为”；“think much /highly /a lot of”表示“高度评价”；“think over”表示“仔细考虑”；“think out”表示“想出”。如：The headmaster thought highly of this boy. (校长高度地评价了这个男孩) / Were thinking of going to France for our holiday. (我们在考虑去法国度假的事情) / Think it over and you will have a way. (仔细考虑就有办法) / I cannot think of h

41、is name. I forgot it. (我想不起他的名字我忘了) / What do you think about his composition? Very good! (他的作文你觉得怎么样？ 很好。) (35)agree with/ agree to / agree on等词语用法：“agree to+动词”表示“同意做某事”,“agree with + sb./观点”表示“赞同的观点”/ agree about表示“对话题有相同看法”/“agree to +建议”表示“同意”某人的建议,“agree on + 决定”表示“赞成某人的决定”。例略。(36)deserve(应该,应

42、得)的用法：deserve后面可以加不定式,也可以加名词。如：They had tried their best and they deserved to win. (他们尽力了该赢。) / The little boy always made troubles around and deserved beating. (小男孩总是处处惹麻烦活该被打) / The girl did a good deed and deserved praise. (女孩做了好事应该受到表扬)(37) thanks to 幸亏，多亏了thanks for 因.而感谢Thanks to your help 多亏了

43、你的帮助，含有没你的帮助不行的意思Thanks for your help 谢谢对的帮助! 只因你帮助了我表达感谢，其实有没有你的帮助可能无关紧要。(38) give in 与 give up 的用法区别(a) give in 主要表示在争论、竞争、斗争等当中作出让步或表示屈服等。如：Dont give in to him. 不要向他屈服。But in the end they gave in. 但到最后他们还是让步了。(2) give up 的主要意思为“放弃”，它可指放弃某种希望，可指放弃做某事或拥有某物，也可指放弃做某事的尝试等。The doctors gave him up five

44、years ago, but he is still alive. 医生 5 年前就对他放弃了希望，但他现在仍活着。注：give up 还可表示在回答问题或猜谜语等场合表示认输。如：I give up; tell me what the answer is. 我认输，告诉我答案吧。（39）at table 在吃饭 Dont speak loudly when you are at table.在吃饭时，不要大声说话。 They were at table when we dropped in. 我们去拜访时他们正在吃饭。 at a / the table 在桌边 They were sitti

45、ng at the table, talking about something they were interested in. 他们正在桌边谈论他们感兴趣的事情。 类似短语： in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院 He was ill in hospital. He works in the hospital. in prison 坐牢 in the prison 在监狱中 at school 在上学 at the school 在学校 总结：不加冠词的介词+名词短语是表示与该名词功能相关的意义：如：hospital 是用于看病住院的，因此, in hosp

46、ital则表示“在住院”。以此类推。（40）A.agreewith表示同意某人或某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等(即持同一观点)： Idontagreewithyou.我不同意你的意见。 Theyagreedwiththisidea.他们同意这个想法。 Iagreewithwhatyousay.我同意你说的。 表示“(食物、天气、工作等)对适宜”： Theweatherdoesnotagreewithme.这种天气对我不适宜。 Hardworkdoesnotagreewithhim.艰苦的工作对他不适宜。 表示“与一致”： Averbmustagreewithitssubjectinperson

47、andnumber.动词必须和它的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。 Whathedoesdoesnotagreewithwhathesays.他言行不一致。 B.agreeto主要用来表示一方提出一项建议、安排、计划等，另一方同意协作： Weagreedtotheirarrangement.我们同意了他们的安排。 Sheagreedtomarriage.她同意结婚。 有时agreeto也可用来表示“答应”一件自己不愿做的事： Iwasforcedtoagreetoit,butatheartIdidntquiteagreewithit.我被迫答应，但内心并不完全同意。 后接suggestion,pl

48、an,proposal等名词时，与accept同义： Doyouthinkhewillagreeto(=accept)mysuggestion?你认为他会同意(接受)我的建议吗? 其后既可接动词原形(此时to是不定式符号)，也可接动名词(一般有逻辑主语，此时to是介词)： Heagreedtogowithus.他同意同我们去。 IneveragreedtoMarymarryinghim.我从来没同意玛丽嫁给他。 C.agreeonupon主要指双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议： Weagreedontheprice.我们就价格达成了一致意见。 Bothsidesagreedontheseterms.双方都同意这些条件。 后接动名词(=agreetodo