宾语从句及动词不定式讲解(6页).doc

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1、-宾语从句及动词不定式讲解-第 6 页宾语从句如何区分宾语从句？They know the teacher. 主语 谓语 宾语They know the teacher is a man . 主语 谓语 宾语从句句子做宾语就是宾语从句。宾语从句在复合句中做主句的宾语1. 时态一致:1)当主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要,采用任何一种时态. 例如:He says that he will be free tomorrow. I know that man lived here five years ago. 2)当主句是过去时,从句也应该采用过去的某种时态形式与之相对应.例如: He thoug

2、ht the train was like a big moving party. （从句为一般过去时） He said he was going to take care of the child. （从句为过去将来时） He said he had never seen the film. (在这句中，从句为过去完成时)但当从句所陈述的是客观事实或普遍真理,从句时态用一般现在时.例如: The teacher said the earth goes around the sun. The teacher said that light travels much faster than so

3、und.Jim said that time is life.2. 引导词: 1)当宾语从句由陈述句 充当时,由that引导,在口语或非正式文体中可以省略.例如:I believe ( that ) you are right. He said ( that ) the fastest way to travel was by plane. 2) 当宾语从句由一般疑问句 充当时,由if或whether引导,作“是否”解。例如: Is his name John? / Could you tell me? Could you tell me if /whether his name is Joh

4、n?Are they going to the Great Wall? Jim wants to know.Jim wants to know if/whether they are going to the Great Wall.3) 当宾语从句由特殊疑问句 充当时,特殊疑问词就是引导词,例如:Do you know what time the plane leaves?3.语序: 1)当宾语从句由陈述句 充当时,保持原来的语序, 即陈述句语序.例如: 陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on

5、the desk.”= She said she would leave a message on the desk. He said (that )the fastest way to travel was by plane .2) 当宾语从句由疑问句(包括一般疑问句和特殊疑问句)充当时,除引导词外, 此后变为陈述句语序.例如:即If / whether +主语+ 谓语部分或疑问词主语谓语部分Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. =I asked him where the tickets were.I dont know if/whether

6、he could answer the question.Please tell me who(whom) I will meet tomorrow. 4.宾语从句和状语从句的区分： eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow. 2) I dont know if the train has arrived. 句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词dont know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否已到达。 判断方法： 1、可以从整个

7、句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。2、从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether， 词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”， 充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当的时候” ( ) Were not sure if it _ tomorrow.If it _，we wont climb the South Hill.（2004年青海西宁）A.will snow；snows B.will snow；will snowC.snows；snows D.snows；w

8、ill snow5. 宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”、“it +形容词+不定式短语”1）I dont know what I should do with the letter.（改为简单句）（2005年山东烟台）I dont know what _ _ with the letter.2）Can you tell me how to get to the nearest hospital? (改为宾语从句)Can you tell me how _ _ _ _ the nearest hospital?3）I think it is very important to

9、 study English well. I think _ _ to study English well. 宾语从句习题（ ）1.Could you tell me _?A if he would come tomorrow B will he come tomorrowC whether he will come tomorrow D If he comes tomorrow（ ）2.Could you tell me _?A where is the part ? B whos on duty ?C whose book is this ? D what are they doing

10、?（ ）3. I want to know _. A. which house does your sister live B. which houses does his uncle live in C. which house his uncle lives D. which house his uncle lives in （ ）4. Father told us that they _ on a field trip. A. will go B. are going C. have gone D. were going（ ）5. I want to know _. A. who is

11、he waiting B. who is he waiting for C. who he is waiting D. who he is waiting for（ ）6. Can you tell me _? A. where she is going B. where she going C. where is she going D. where is she going to（ ）7. Do you know _ this time yesterday？ A.what she is cooking B.what is she cooking C.what she was cooking

12、 D.what was she cooking（ ）8. Do you know how much hot water_?AMum is needed Bdoes Mum need CMum needs Ddid Mum need( )9. Can you tell me_? Awhere he is Bwhere is he Che is where Dwhat is he( )10. I didnt know how _ to London? Awould they go Bare they going Cthey would go Dthey are going( )11.Let me

13、tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car( )12.Do you know _?A. what the news are Bwhat is the news Cwhat the news is Dwhat are the news( )13.He said he would help me with my maths if he _ free. Awas Bwill be Cwoul

14、d be Dis( )14I dont know if she _ If she _ ，please let me know Acomes；comes Bwill come；will come Ccomes；will come Dwill come；come( )15. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )1

15、6I didnt know what _ Awas the matter Bis the matter Cmatter was Dthe matter is ( )17I couldnt agree with _ at the meeting Athat you said Bwhich you said Cwhat did you say Dwhat you said ( )18My friend asked me _ Athat who is girl Bwho that girl was Cwho was that girl Dthat girl was who ( )20My teach

16、er asked me _ Awho dictionary this was Bwhose dictionary this was Cwhose dictionary was this Dwho dictionary was this动词不定式用法动词不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形”，有时可以不带to。其否定形式not to +动词原形动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 1作宾语 （不定式作宾语，前面的动词为

17、及物动词）Indians like to eat hot food印度人喜欢吃辣味食品。 They need to look at a map他们需要查看地图。 有的动词不定式在作带有补足语的宾语时, feel, find, make, think, believe,前面往往带有形式宾语it。例如： Do you think it necessary for us to learn to wait？你认为学会等待对我们来说很必要吗？ They improved the software to make it easier for people to use computers他们改进了软件，使

18、人们使用计算机更简便了。 I found it difficult to work with him.I feel it useful to learn English.Who made it possible to dive deep into the sea?2. 作宾语补足语 （不定式作宾补时，接在宾语之后，即动词宾语to do sth. ）He told me not to bring you anything他叫我不要给你带任何东西。 Who taught you to play the music？谁教你弹这支曲子的？使役动词let, have, make以及感官动词feel, h

19、ear, see, watch, notice等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to要省略。例如: The teacher made him say the word like this.老师让他像这样说这个单词。Our English teacher let us to listen to English every day. 作动词help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式可带to，也可不带Can you help me (to )carry the box, please?3作状语 ( 动词不定式具有副词的特征，所以可在句中作状语)You can hide under my seat when t

20、he conductor comes to check the tickets当列车员来查票时，你可以藏在我的座位下面。 In his third year，he left Harvard to work for a company called Microsoft在三年级时，他为了去微软公司工作而离开了哈佛大学。4作定语 动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。例如： In my dreams I always have very difficult jobs to do我在梦里总是做一些艰难的工作。 Every day he made one of the smaller an

21、imals bring him something to eat他每天叫一个小动物给他带来吃的东西。I have nothing to say on this question. 对这个问题我无可奉告。当不定式中的动词不能直接修饰前面的词时，应加介词I need a pen to write with. 我需要用一枝钢笔写字This is the room to live in . 这个房子可以住Mary needs a friend to play with.That girl bas nothing to worry about.Although the film had been on

22、for ten minutes, I still was not able to find a chair to sit on.5作主语To learn a foreign language is not easy. To play in the street is dangerous. Its easy to get lost in a big city like Tokyo在东京这样的大城市容易迷路。It充当形式主语6. 作表语 It seems to be an interesting book它看起来是本有趣的书。 The old mans job is to take care of

23、 the flowers in the garden这位老人的工作是照料花园里的花。 7和疑问词who，what，when，where，which，how构成不定式短语作宾语。例如： I dont know how to use a computer我不知道怎样使用计算机。 (注：how to do sth必须接宾语)Can you tell me when to start？你能告诉我什么时候出发吗？ 可和宾语从句替换He didnt know which book he should choose. He didnt know which book to choose. 不定式做宾语和状语的区别不定式作宾语时，接在及物动词后，而不定式作状语时，跟在不及物动词之后，作目的状语不定式作宾语时时，缺少不定式时，句意不完整，而不定式作状语时，缺少不定式时句意仍然完整I want to be a scientist. ( ) He came to help me last night. ( )