完整版专四英语语法考点(16页).doc

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1、-完整版专四英语语法考点-第 16 页语法考点之一 ：虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should,could,might)+ have done；1. I _the party much more if there hadnt been quite such a crowd of people there. 1996 A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed C. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying2. All of us would have

2、enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there.2000 A. werent B. hasnt been C. hadnt been D. wouldnt省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were,had或 should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。3. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _ much better results now. 2008 A. would be getting B. could have got

3、 C. must get D. would get4. _you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions. 1994 A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. I realized that D. As I realized 5._, he would not have recovered so quickly. 1995A.Hadnt he been taken good care of B.Had he not been taken good care ofC.Had not he

4、been taken good care of D.Had he been not taken good care of6. _for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. 2002 A. Had it not been B. Hadnt it been C. Was it not D. Were it not 2、与现在事实相反：从句sb did(were)，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；1. If there were no subjunctive mood

5、, English _ much easier to learn.2009 A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been2. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much better than I can.2005 A. would be B. will have been C. was D. Were3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would

6、(should, could, might)+do。1. _ you _ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.2005 A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；1. If only the patient _ a different tr

7、eatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.2007 A. had received B. received C. should receive D. were receiving考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。1. He left orders that

8、 nothing _touched until the police arrived here.1997 A. should be B. ought to be C. must be D. would be 2. She asked that she _ allowed to see her son in police custody. 1993 A.would be B.could be C.be D.was 考点3：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative（必要的，命令的）, incredible（难以置信的，惊人的）等从句，谓语

9、用（should）+动词原形。1. It is necessary that he _ the assignment without delay.2010 A. hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand in2. It is absolutely essential that William _ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.2007 A. will continue B. continued C. continue D. continues3. It is impe

10、rative that the government _ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.2006 A. attracts B. shall attract C. attract D. has to 4.It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time.2004 A. hand in B. would hand in C. have to hand in D. handed in考点4：it is (high/about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过

11、去式。例如:1. Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests.2006 A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop 考点5：much as尽管，虽然引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设。1. Much as _, I couldnt lend him the money because I simply didnt have that much spare cash.1999 A.I would have liked to B.I would like to have C

12、.I should have to like D.I should have liked to考点6：if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句，与过去事实相反：had + done；与现在事实相反：动词过去式；与将来事实相反：could/would + do。1. If only I _play the guitar as well as you! 2006 A would B could C should D might2. He talks on and on as if he would never end.考点7：would rather/sooner从句中

13、使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟。1. The manager would rather his daughter _ in the same office now. A.had not worked B.not to work C.does not work D.did not work 考点8：On condition that. /lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。1. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _ that he paid me back

14、 the following week.2005 A. on occasion B. on purpose C. on condition D. only if注：On condition that.是“只有”“条件是”的意思，可以使用虚拟语气，也可以不用。Ill come on condition that John is invited. They agree to lend him the car on condition he (should) return it in a week.2. lest 以免e.g. : tiptoed lest the guard should hear

15、 her; anxious lest he become ill.考点9：but for 要不是.1. _ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.1994 A. Unless B. But for C. Except for D. Not for考点10：让步状语从句Whether he be rich or poor, Ill marry him.1. _, Ill marry him all the same.2004 A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether r

16、ich or poorC. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poor2. Whether my brother right or wrong, he will have my unwavering support.2001 A. Is B. Were C. Be D. Would be 语法考点之二 ：情态动词*情态动词: will（愿意）, shall（将）, must（必须）, can, may, would, should (应该), might, could, ought to, used to（过去常常）, need（需要）, dare（竟

17、敢），have to（不得不）考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：（1）情态动词+行为动词完成式（表示推测） （2）某些情态动词的特殊用法考点1. 情态动词have过去分词结构表示推测(1) must have v-ed表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。否定形式为：cant / couldnt have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。1. Which of the following sentences expresses probability?2008A. You must leave immediately. B. You must be feeling rather tired.

18、C. You must be here by eight oclock. D. You must complete the reading assignment on time.2. He _ the 8:20 bus because he didnt leave home till 8:25. (1994) A. couldnt have caught B. ought to have caught C. shouldnt have caught D. must not have caught (2) could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。(3) may / m

19、ight have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.1. He _ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful. (1999) A. may have acted B. must have acted C. should act D. would act (4) ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not to / shouldnt have v-ed 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该”和“本不应该”1. Arent you tired? I _

20、 you had done enough for today. 2009 A. should have thought B. must have thought C. might have thought D. could have thought(5) neednt have v-ed 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为“本没必要”。1. You _ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business. (1998) A. neednt have told B. neednt tell C. mustnt have told D. mu

21、stnt tell2. As it turned out to be a small house party, we _ so formally. (1996)A. need not have dressed up B. must not have dressed up C. did not need to dress up D. must not dress up 注意：did not need to do 动作并没发生。例：I didnt need to get up early, so I got up until 9 a.m.考点2. 特殊用法(1) cant“不可能”（表推测）, m

22、ay not “可能不”（表推测）, mustnt (must not) “不要; 禁止”; used notusednt to或didnt use to 过去不(2) should 表示惊讶1. I am surprised_ this city is a dull place to live in.2006 A. that you should think B. by what you are thinking C. that you would think D. with what you were thinking 2. We consider _ he should have lef

23、t without telling anyone beforehand. 2009 A. strange why B. it strange what C. it strange that D. that strange(3) 用于过去式中，can常表示能过做某事，但事实不一定去做；be able to则表示能做某事并且已经做了。1. I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I _ the journey in exactly two days.2005 A. must take B. must have made C

24、. was able to make D. could make(4) Cant but + V.,表示不得不，与have to同义。Cant help +Ving 忍不住。(5) cannot too / enough 表示 “无论怎么也不算过分”、“越越好”(6) may/ might as well + 动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于had betterIm ready，so Imight as wellgo now(7) may well + 动词原形”，意为“（完全）能，很可能” : He may well be proud of his son. 他大可为儿子高兴。

25、(8) may as well as还是好了e.g. You may as well as give him the letter. 语法考点之三 ：非谓语动词考点1：不定式 近几年考的不多。以前的考点基本集中在：(1) 考察哪些动词接不定式；(2) 考察哪些短语接不带to的不定式； 1) cant help/choose but do 不得不,只能,不禁 2) why not do sth 1. _him tomorrow? 2001 A. Why not to call on B. Why dont call on C. Why not calling on D. Why not call

26、 on 3) would do rather than do1.She said she would work it out herself, _ ask me for help.1993 A.and not to B.but not C.and prefer not D.rather than(3) 考察短语be believed/said to do sth的用法；1. The Minister of Finance is believed _ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.2004 A. that he is thinking

27、B. to be thinkingC. that he is to think D. to think2. AIDS is said _the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in the region.2002 A. being B. to be C. to have been D. having been 3. Professor Johnson is said _some significant advance in his research in the past year. 1999 A.

28、 having made B. making C. to have made D. to make(4)考察动词不定时的时态和语态：进行式to be doing, 完成式to have done;一般式被动语态to be done; 完成式被动语态to have been done。另外，不定式短语有将来时的意思； 考点2：动名词（1）常接动名词做宾语的词：mind(介意), miss(逃过), mention(提及), prevent, postpone, practice, risk(冒险), resist(抵制), consider(考虑), admit(承认), avoid(避免),

29、appreciate(感激), fancy(幻想), finish(完成)，feel like(喜欢), escape(逃脱), ensure(确保) , delay(延迟), deny(否认), resent, detest, imagine(想象), suggest(建议) 1. In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid_. 1996 A. from being beaten B. being beaten C. beating D. to

30、be beaten 2. He resented _to wait. He expected the minister _ him at once.1995 A. to be asked, to see B. being asked, to see C. to be asked, seeing D. being asked, seeing3.I never regretted _ offer, for it was not where my interest lay.1993 A.not to accept B.not having accepted C.having not accepted

31、 D.not accepting b选项表示的是对已经发生事件的陈述, 指示某一次特殊的情况.d选项表示的是一般性的情况,不特指某一次特殊的情况（2）介词后的ing：prevent/stop/keep sb /sth from doing 阻止做；spend/waste time /money in doing 在做方面花钱、浪费时间或金钱；how /what about doing sth 做怎么样了？；Have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在方面有些困难；There is no sense in doing (做是没有理由的)；Thank / admi

32、re /praise/blame /scold/ punish sb for doing sth因做某事而感谢、羡慕、表扬、责备、惩罚某人1. What a nice day! How about the three of us _ a walk in the park nearby?2009 A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking2. Though her father never approved of _ to drama school, she became a well-known actress.1991 A. goingB. he

33、r to go C. her going D. her go（3）接动名词做介词to 的宾语：apply oneself to致力于；be accustomed to习惯于；confess to供认；come to谈到；devote oneself to献身于；get down to着手做；give way to 对让步；lead to导致；look forward to期待；next to几乎；object to反对；pay attention to注意；stick to坚持；stand up to勇敢面对；turn to求助于；be used to习惯于1. Whats the chanc

34、e of _ a general election this year? 2005A. there being B. there to be C. there be D. there going to be2. The meeting was put off because we _ a meeting without John. 2005 A. objected having B. were objected to having C. objected to have D. objected to having考点3：分词（1）从语态上看，现在分词一般表主动，过去分词一般表被动；（2）从时态

35、上看，现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示过去。如果分词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，分词用完成时。（3）现在分词的否定形式是not放在分词之前。*非谓语动词解题三步曲：一、首先确定主句；二、分析主动被动；三、分析动作先后1. _ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.2010 A. To be not tall B. Not being tall C. Being not tall D. Not to be tall2. The man preparing the documents is the firms lawy

36、er has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT . 2009A. the man who has prepared the documents. B. the man who has been preparing the documents.C. the man who is preparing the documents. D. the man who will prepare the documents.3. _ at in this way, the situation does not seem so desperate.2000 A

37、. Looking B. looked C. Being looked D. to look4. If not _ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.2004 A. being treated B. treatedC. be treated D. having been treated5. _, he can now only watch it on TV at home. 1998 A. Obtaining not a ticket for t

38、he match B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match D. Not obtained a ticket for the match 6. He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, _insufficiently poplar with all members.1996 A. having considered B. was considered C. was being conside

39、red D. being considered 7. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder_ out and three men climbing down it. 1995 A. throwing B. being thrown C. having thrown D. having been thrown 8. This missile is designed so that once _nothing can be done to r

40、etrieve it.1995 A. fired B. being fired C. they fired D. having fired 考点4：独立主格（句中没有连接词，逗号分开两个句子，存在两个主语。形式：名词/代词分词）。(1) 分词短语作状语时，有自己独立的逻辑上的“主语”，相当于各种形式的状语，表示一种伴随的动作、情况或表原因(2) 介词（with）+名词+形容词/副词+分词，表示伴随行动做或补充说明1. Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth, wheat _ by far the biggest cereal cro

41、p.2003 A. is B. been C. be D. being 2. Time _, the celebration will be held as scheduled.2003 A. permit B. permitting C. permitted D. permits 3. There _ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.2000 A. to be B. to have been C. being D. be 4. _ no cause for alarm,

42、the old man went back to his bedroom.1996 A. There was B. Since C. Being D. There being 5. The countrys chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars _the most important of these. 1994 A. have been B. are C. being D. are being6. The tape recorder_ out of order, the students did not know what t

43、o do.1990 A. was B. Being C. has been D. was being 语法考点之四 ：定语从句关系代词：which（指sth 作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth 作主语或宾语），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）,as（指sb,sth 作主语或宾语）;做宾语的时候， 关系代词可以省略。关系副词：when（指时间 on which），where（指地点 at which），why（指原因 for which）考点1. 先行词为人时引导词who和that (1) 只能用who不用that：1)当先行词为

44、one(s), anyone, those时；2)当先行词为人称代词时。(2) 只能用that不用who：1)当主句已经出现who时。2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _ he was twenty years ago. 2003 A. which B. that C. who D. whom 考点2. 先行词为物时引导词that和which (1) 只能用that不用which：1)先行词为much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代词。2）先行词既有人又有物。3）先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰。4）先行词被the ve