高中英语语法动词不定式.ppt

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1、Grammar一一 动词不定式动词不定式 动词不定式由动词不定式由“to+ +动词原形动词原形”构成，构成，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等语、状语、补足语等, ,但但不能作谓语不能作谓语。动词不定式动词不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.

2、I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾宾补补作主语作主语To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give up smoking is right.1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。2. 放弃吸烟是对的。放弃吸烟是对的。作宾语作宾语Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.He

3、 promised not to tell anyone about it.1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。他答应不告述任何人这事。afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, guarantee, hate, help, hope, hurry, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, pla

4、n, prepare, pretend, promise refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish The following verbs are normally followed by the infinitive. Remember! The following verbs are normally followed by v-ing. avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, p

5、ardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, cant helpRemember them!作表语作表语My job is to teach English.To see is to believe.1. 我的工作是教英语。我的工作是教英语。2. 眼见为实。眼见为实。作定语作定语Do you have anything to say?1. 你有什么要说的吗你有什么要说的吗?2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人是第一个知道这真相的人 Betty was the first to know the truthIt seems that he has n

6、o pen _ . A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with 注意如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，其后应加上必要的介词其后应加上必要的介词Eg. He is a pleasant person to work with.不定式作定语，往往表示将要发生的动作不定式作定语，往往表示将要发生的动作。I have a lot of work to do.The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.注意作状语作状语He spoke loudly (

7、so as / in order) to be heard.They jumped with joy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.目的状语目的状语.原因状语原因状语.结果状语结果状语目的状语目的状语: 常用的结构常用的结构to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such as to do, etc.I come here to say good-bye to you.结果状语结果状语: 常与常与only , enough 或或too连用。连用。He studied h

8、ard only to fail the exam.He is old enough to go to school.原因状语原因状语: 一般用在句尾一般用在句尾Im glad to see you.She wept to see the sight.作宾补作宾补She asked me to stay there.1. 她叫我呆在这儿。她叫我呆在这儿。2.请允许我介绍请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。给你们。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.1) 带带to的不定式作的不定式作宾补宾补。很多动词如。很多动词如: allow, or

9、der, force, permit, tell, want, wish, forbid, advise, persuade, warn等等后面作后面作宾补宾补的不定式的不定式都带都带to。 如如: He didnt allow us to smoke in his house.他不允许我们在他的家里吸烟。他不允许我们在他的家里吸烟。2) 不带不带to的不定式的不定式作宾补作宾补。使役动词。使役动词make, have, let;感官动词感官动词see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等后面等后面作宾补的不定作宾补的不定式不带式不带to。如如:

10、He made a face and made everybody laugh. 他做了一个鬼脸他做了一个鬼脸, 逗得大家都笑了。逗得大家都笑了。 如果上述结构变为被动语态如果上述结构变为被动语态, ,不定不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语, ,此时第此时第2 2类动词类动词( (let, , have无被动语态无被动语态) )后后原来不带原来不带toto的不定式要加的不定式要加to。如如:I saw him go upstairs. He was seen to go upstairs. 有人看见他上楼去了。有人看见他上楼去了。Be careful!

11、注意注意 :动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态1. He seems to know this.2. I hope to see you next week. 一般式一般式( to do ).不定式的一般式所不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）表示的动作（状态）与句子谓语的动作与句子谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。发生，或之后发生。.进行式进行式( to be doing)1.He pretended to be working when I came in.2. He seems to be thinking deeply,without noticing me

12、passing him.表示谓语表示的动作表示谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正定式所表示的动作正在进行。在进行。动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态.完成式（完成式（to have done)1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.不定式的动作不定式的动作发生在谓语表发生在谓语表示的动作之前。示的动作之前。动词不定式的语态动词不定式的语态.主动式主动式( to d

13、o / to be doing /to have done)1. We want to learn English well.2.Robert is said_abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to studyC. made D. to make当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时动作的执行者时.动词不定式的语态动词不定式的语态.被动式被动式( to be done / to have been done)1. He didnt lik

14、e to be laughed at.2. He claimed _in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.A.being badly treated B.treating badlyC. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated.当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时的动作的承受者时.注意注意 A. 动词不定式的否定式只须在动词不定式的否定式只须在to 前加前加 not.My father decided not to

15、 take up the job.The teacher told us not to be late again.否定副词否定副词not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于等要置于to前前My mother told me never to do it again.注意注意B. 动词不定式之后可加动词不定式之后可加疑问词，疑问词，通常做主语，宾语通常做主语，宾语。Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.Can you tell me where to get the book?注意注意C. 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，

16、作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去动词不定式常常省去to 后面后面的动词，的动词，只只保留保留to 。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。1. The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot . A. tur

17、ning it off B. turn it off C.having turned it off D. to turn it off2. She cant help _the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. Cleaned D. being c leaned练习练习3. Not everybody has the ability in public. A. of speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak4. Mary is always the first

18、 student to answer the teachers questions in class. A. rising B. to rise C. rose D. risen5. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day? -_ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting6.Would you be so kind as us out? -With pleasure. A. h

19、elping B. in helping C. help D. to help7 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating8. We agreed _ here, but so far she hasnt turned out yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He alw

20、ays works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning10. Wet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel according to the rule.A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking 11. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to

21、 have been studying高考链接高考链接1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. ( (20082008全国全国I I卷卷) ) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathedB 2. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008北京卷北京卷) A. t

22、o find B. find C. to finding D. finding3. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. (2008北京卷北京卷) A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomedA C 4. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (2008湖南卷湖南卷) A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete5. If

23、 there is a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. (2008上海卷上海卷) A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doingD A 6. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. (07江西卷江西卷) A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained7. The childr

24、en talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. (07浙江卷浙江卷) A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heardD A Translation 1. I forgot to ask you to go to the community service centre. 2. It is very important to turn off the electricity before you check the machine. 3. I dont know where to find such a kind of button. 4. Luckily, we dont have much more work to do. 5. Helen is very pleased to have been to more than 20 provinces and cities in China. 6. She has been very successful in her work, and now her greatest wish is to get married and have some children.