高中英语语法专题指导课件-名词.ppt

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1、1 1、不可数名词的特点、不可数名词的特点2 2、可数名词的单、复数、可数名词的单、复数; ;3 3、可数与不可数名词的修饰语及转换；、可数与不可数名词的修饰语及转换；4 4、名词作定语；、名词作定语；5 5、名词的搭配、名词的搭配; ;6 6、名词的所有格名词的所有格7 7、词语辨析；、词语辨析；高考考点分析高考考点分析不可数名词的特点不可数名词的特点(1)Tables are made of _. (84全国) A. wood B. woods C. wooden D. some woods(2)Father went to his doctor for _about his heart

2、trouble. (87全国) A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices(3)He gained his _by printing _of famous writers. (95全国) A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works(1) 没有复数形式；(2) 不能直接在前面加不定冠词；(3) 表示其数量不能直接在前面加数词，而要用a piece of之类 的结构。 ABD(1) Dr Smith is going to pull out one of

3、 my _. (86全国) A. teeth B. tooth C. teeths D. toothes(2) _turn green in spring. (86全国) A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves(3)_will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. A. The Evens B. The Evens (93上海) C. The Evenses D. The Evenses1. 当可数名词的数大于一时要用复数形式。当可数名词的数大于一时要用复数形式。2. 特殊用法特殊用法

4、 ADC一般情况一般情况加加 -s1.清辅音后读清辅音后读/s/ map-maps book-books 2.浊辅音和元音后读浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags car-cars名词复数的名词复数的规则变化规则变化(1)以以s, sh, ch, x 等结尾的词等结尾的词加加 -es 读读 /iz/ bus-buses watch-watches 但如果以但如果以 ch 结尾的名词发音为结尾的名词发音为 k时，只加时，只加 s。 stomach stomachs 读读 /s/ 以以ce, se, ze, (d)ge 等结尾的词等结尾的词加加 -s es 读读 /iz/ bridge- b

5、ridges exercise-exercises 名词复数的名词复数的规则变化规则变化(2)以以y 结尾的专有名词结尾的专有名词，或，或元音字母元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直结尾的名词变复数时，直接加接加-s变复数：变复数：读读 /z/ two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays以以辅音字母辅音字母+y结尾的词结尾的词变变y 为为i 再加再加es ies 读读 /iz/ party-parties baby-babies名词复数的名词复数的规则变化规则变化(3)以以f 或或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时：结尾的名词变复数时： a

6、. 加加-s 读读 /s/ roof-roofs 一个首领一个首领(chief)带着一个农奴带着一个农奴(serf)在海湾在海湾(gulf)的悬崖的悬崖(cliff)上上发现一个屋顶发现一个屋顶(roof)上面有个保险箱上面有个保险箱(safe)。b. 去去f, fe 加加-ves half-halvesknife-knives 读读 /vz/ leaf-leaves wolf-wolves life-lives thief-thieves c. 均可均可 handkerchief - handkerchiefs / handkerchieves hoof-hoofs/hooves名词复数的名

7、词复数的规则变化规则变化(4)a tomatosome tomatoessome potatoessome heroes名词复数的名词复数的规则变化规则变化(5)辅音字母+o结尾，加 es 读读 /z/但 piano, photo, kilo, tobacco加s元音字母+o结尾，加 s 读读 /z/ radio-radiosfoot - feetchild - childrentooth - teethmouse - mice名词复数的不规则变化名词复数的不规则变化(1)goose-geese ox-oxenman - menwoman - womenmen doctorswomen tea

8、chersone sheeptwo sheepa Chinesetwo Chinesea Japaneseseveral Japanese名词复数的不规则变化名词复数的不规则变化(2):(2):单复数形式相同单复数形式相同one fish一条鱼一条鱼fishes不同种类的鱼各种不同种类的鱼各种各样的鱼各样的鱼three fish三条鱼三条鱼some fish一些鱼肉一些鱼肉可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词deer-deer means-means series-series species-species works-works（工厂）（工厂） Some _ visited our sch

9、ool last Wednesday. AGerman BGermen CGermans DGermens国家人的名词需要记住三种情况：国家人的名词需要记住三种情况：1、单复数同形：、单复数同形：Chinese; Japanese; Swiss2、需要变形：、需要变形：English - Englishman3、加、加 s 或或 -es：German Germans详见下表。详见下表。 1.6 不同国家的人的单复数不同国家的人的单复数 名称 总称(谓语用复数）一个人 两个人中国人the Chinesea Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swiss two Sw

10、iss澳大利亚人the Australiansan Australian two Australians 俄国人the Russians a Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians希腊人the Greek a Greektwo Greeks法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese美国人the Americans an Americantwo Americans印度人the Indians an India

11、n two Indians加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians德国人the Germansa Germantwo Germans英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes _ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. (1993 上海上海) A. The EvensB. The Evens C. The EvensesD. The Evenses专有名词的复数与定

12、冠词连用，常用来表示专有名词的复数与定冠词连用，常用来表示“一一家人家人”或一家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如：或一家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如：- Who did you spend last weekend with?- _. (98上海上海) A PalmersB The Palmers C The PalmersD The Palmers Mr Smith has two _, both of whom are teachers in a school. Abrothers-in-lawBbrother-in-laws Cbrothers-in-laws Dbrothers-in la

13、w以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：复数，如：managers-in-chief; fathers-in-law。如。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加 s。如：。如：grown-ups。 可数名词与不可数名词可数名词与不可数名词的修饰语及转换的修饰语及转换1.I need_ cloth, for Im hoping to make _clothes. (93上海) A. a lot of; many B. much; much C. many; many D. many; a lot 2.We w

14、aited _ for the bus. (95全国)A. long time B. a long time C. the long time D. some long time3._work has been done to improve the peoples living standard. (85全国) A . Many B.A great many C. A large number of D. A great deal of4. The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took

15、 _pictures of them. (03上海) A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of5. We have only a sofa, a table and a bed in our new apartment. We need to buy _ more furniture. (05上海春) A. any B. many C. little D. someABDBD6. I hear_ boys in your school like playing football in their spare ti

16、me, though others prefer basketball. (2006辽宁) A. quite a lot B. quite a few C. quite a bit D. quite a little7. We always keep _ spare paper, in case we ran out. (2006浙江) A. too much B. a number of C. plenty of D. a good many8.Many people agree that _of English is a must in international trade today.

17、 (96) A. a knowledge B. knowledges C. knowledge D. the knowledge BC1. 有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以有复数形式。如，fishes, fruits, teas, all weathers。2. 有些抽象名词表示具体的事物时，是可数名词。如, shame/ pity(憾事), interest(乐事), pleasure(乐事), surprise(意外事), disappointment(令人失望的 人或事), success (成功的人或事), difficulty (难事), help (帮手)等。A不可数名词与可数名词的

18、转换不可数名词与可数名词的转换3. 表示“一场/段/件/种”时，要用a或an，此时多有形容词或of短语修饰。 如，a fine rain(一阵细雨),a heavy snow(一场大雪), a long time(很长一段时间)。4. 表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea, coffee, drink, beer等，可以用a(n)或数词修饰，也 有复数形式。如two teas and a coffee(两杯茶和一杯咖啡)；5. 有的名词可数与否由意思而定。如： paper glass time exercise experience room 不可数 纸 玻璃 时间 锻炼 经验 空间余地 可数 试卷

19、玻璃杯 次、倍 习题、体操 经历 、房间6. 有些不可数名词，无论在什么情况下也没有复数形式的，即使受形容词 修饰也不能加不定冠词的。如advice, fun, homework, information, news, progress, equipment, furniture, baggage/luggage, jewellery, clothing等。名词的修饰语名词的修饰语 1. 只能修饰可数名词的有each, either, neither, another, these, those, both, (a) few, several, many, a great /good many

20、, a large number of, scores of, dozens of等。2. 只能修饰不可数的有(a) little, much, a bit of, a great deal of, a large amount of等。3. 既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有some, any, half, most, all, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, quantities of等。1.The village is far away from here indeed. Its _walk. (2004上海春)

21、A. a four hour B. a four hours C. a four-hours D. a four hours 2.He dropped the _and broke it. (1993全国) A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup for coffee D. coffee cup3. The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. (01北京春) A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycless shop4

22、. It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _ journey. A. three-hour B. a three hour （05北京春） C. a three-hour D. three hours 1. 一般用单数形式。如a stone bridge(石桥), a meeting room (会议室), morning exercise(早操), London Airport(伦敦机场), a story book(故事书)，a shoe shop(鞋店)。DDBC2. man, woman要与所修饰的名词的数一致。如a woma

23、n teacher(一 位女教师), two women teachers(两位女教师)。3. sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等只用复数形式。如 a sports meet (运动会), a goods train(货车), customs house(海关), a sales manager(营业主任)。4.数词+名词”作定语,若有连字符，名词用单数；若无连字符， 名词用所有格。 Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. (N 19993)

24、 A. way B. choice C. possibilityD. selection 可以将可以将“ have no choice but to do ”视为一视为一个结构，现在考查这类搭配的题有很多，如：个结构，现在考查这类搭配的题有很多，如： I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction.（05浙江浙江卷）卷）Aidea Bfeeling Cexperience Dsense类似的题还有：类似的题还有： 1. Heres my card. Lets keep in

25、 _. (N 1994) A. touchB. relationC. connectionD. friendship2. You can take as many as you like because they are free of _. (1998 上海上海) A. fareB. chargeC. moneyD. pay3. The manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well. （03北京春季）北京春季） AideaBsenseCthoughtDThinking4. I keep medicines on

26、the top shelf, out of the childrens _. （04天津）天津） A reachB handC holdD place A rough estimate, Nigeria is_ Great Britain. （05上海卷）上海卷） A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of 注意名词用来表示比较的特殊用法。它的结构为注意名词用来表示比较的特殊用法。它的结构为“倍数倍数+the +名词名

27、词+ of + 对象对象”。常用在该结构。常用在该结构中的名词为：中的名词为：the size of; the weight of; the length of . 1.Miss Smith is a friend of_. (1983全国) A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers2. Wheres your brother? At _. (1986全国) A. Mr. Greens B. Mr. Green C. the Mr. Greens D. the Mr. Green3.I wonder

28、whose bicycle it is. It might be my_ (1985全国) A. neighbours B. dear neighbour C. neighbour D. neighbours名词的所有格名词的所有格 AAA名词的所有格有两种形式：名词的所有格有两种形式：s式和式和of式。一般说来，表示有生命式。一般说来，表示有生命的名词和表示时间、国家、距离等的名词的所有格用的名词和表示时间、国家、距离等的名词的所有格用s，如，如Marys mother, todays news; 表示无生命的事物名词的所有格用表示无生命的事物名词的所有格用of,如如the cover of

29、 the book。但还须注意以下几点：。但还须注意以下几点：1. 以以s结尾的复数名词后只加撇号不加结尾的复数名词后只加撇号不加s。如。如teachers office。2. 表示两个或多人共有的，在最后一个名词后加表示两个或多人共有的，在最后一个名词后加s。如。如Kate and Marys room。3. 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面 常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers 理发店。理发店。 Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_. （05天津卷）天津卷） A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind 高考试卷中考查名词词义辨析的题目越来越高考试卷中考查名词词义辨析的题目越来越多了，这就要求我们在平时的学习过程中注意同多了，这就要求我们在平时的学习过程中注意同类词的比较和辨析，同时尽可能从阅读过程中汲类词的比较和辨析，同时尽可能从阅读过程中汲取更多的知识。本题的意思是取更多的知识。本题的意思是参加体育锻炼的目参加体育锻炼的目的是增强体质和力气。的是增强体质和力气。