中英文对照翻译－uasb厌氧处理工艺的现状与发展（环境工程给排水专业中英文(16页).doc

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1、-中英文对照翻译uasb厌氧处理工艺的现状与发展（环境工程，给排水专业中英文-第 16 页The status quo and development of UASB anaerobic process Abstract: This paper introduces the origin of UASB reactor, the workingprinciples, characteristics, the development and application of thelatest research progress, pointing out that the recent UASB

2、reactorresearch focus. Key words: UASB; anaerobic treatment process; 1. Introduction : Anaerobic biological treatment as the use of anaerobic metabolism of microorganisms, without the provision of energy sources under the conditions of organic matter as to be restored by hydrogen donor, while genera

3、ting energy value of the methane gas. Anaerobic biological treatment applies not only to high concentrations of organic wastewater, influent BOD up to the highest concentration of tens of thousands of mg / l, can also be applied in low concentrations of organic wastewater, such as sewage, and other

4、cities. Anaerobic biological treatment process and low consumption, organic volume load, generally 5-10 kgCOD/m3.d, up to a maximum of 30-50 kgCOD/m3.d; less residual sludge; on the nutritional needs of low anaerobes, MDR-toxic, biodegradable organic molecular weight high impact resistant capacity o

5、f strong output of methane is a kind of clean energy. In the whole of society to promote a recycling economy and the implementation of the concerns of the industrial waste recycling today, anaerobic biological treatment of sewage is clearly enables the optimization of resources. In recent years, the

6、 anaerobic wastewater treatment process developed very rapidly, with new technology, new methods emerging, including anaerobic contact method, the up-flow anaerobic sludge bed anaerobic stall plate, anaerobic biological filter , anaerobic expanded bed and fluidized bed, and the third generation of a

7、naerobic process EGSB and IC anaerobic reactor, developed very rapidly. And the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket UASB (Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed, Note: hereinafter referred to UASB) owing to the anaerobic process of anaerobic filters and activated sludge characteristics of the dual, as can be tra

8、nsformed into the pollutants in the sewage 10% of renewable clean energy - a biogas technology. The different solid content of the sewage adaptability also strong, and its structure, operation and maintenance management operation is relatively simple and relatively low cost, technology is now mature

9、, and increasingly sewage treatment industry attention, was widely welcomed and Application . This paper attempts to UASB technology and the operation of the UASB design features, as well as areas for a start briefly described. 2. The origin of UASB In 1971 Holland (Wageningen) Agricultural Universi

10、ty Ladingge (Lettinga) Professor physical structural design, the use of the gravitational field of the role of different density material difference, invented the three-phase separator. The activated sludge wastewater retention time and stay separated, and formed a upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (U

11、ASB) reactor on the prototype. Netherlands CSM 1974 in its 6 m3 reactor sugar beet processing wastewater, it was found that the activated sludge formation mechanism of its own fixed biological polymer structure, granular sludge (granular sludge). The emergence of granular sludge, not only for the pr

12、omotion of a representative of the UASB anaerobic reactor, the second generation of applications and development, but also for the third-generation anaerobic reactor laid the foundation for the birth. Currently, the UASB process in Europe has been generally formed granular sludge, which makes anaero

13、bic UASB technology in Europe have been quick to popularize. China in 1981 began UASB reactor research, the technology in China has been the actual application. UASB reactor is the most widely used high-rate anaerobic reactor, the technology at home and abroad anaerobic treatment has become one of t

14、he mainstream technologies. 3. UASB reactor structure and the basic principles (1) the composition of UASB reactor Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the UASB reactor. UASB reactor, the main part of Mainly divided into two regions, namely, three-phase reaction zone and the area of separation. Reacti

15、on zone which UASB reactor for the main work. (2) of the UASB reactor principle UASB sludge from the reaction zone, the gas-liquid-solid three-phase separator (including precipitation area) gas chamber composed of three parts. Reaction in the region hold a large number at the bottom of anaerobic slu

16、dge, sludge concentrations can reach 50 to 100 g / l or higher, the precipitation has good performance and cohesion of the sludge in the bottom of a sludge layer. To deal with the sewage sludge from the anaerobic sludge bed at the bottom and flows of sludge was mixed layer contacts, as water and upw

17、ard mobility of the large number of gas increased agitation to form a good natural role, and part of the sludge in the response the above form a relatively thin sludge suspension, suspended sludge concentration area generally from 5 to 40 g / l range. Suspension into the area of separation, the firs

18、t gas chamber was set to enter separation, slurry containing wastewater from entering the settlement room, the sludge in the settlement, returned to the reaction zone by the slant to clarify the water from the overflow. Sludge in the microbial decomposition of organic matter in sewage, it turned int

19、o gas. Tiny gas bubbles to form the release, tiny bubbles rising in the course of the merger, and gradually form larger bubbles in the sludge bed methane because of the disturbance to form a sludge concentration in the sludge and thin together with increased access to three water phase separator, en

20、countered gas separator plate at the bottom of reflection, the reflection plate% for the four weeks, and then enter the water through the chamber, concentrated in the gas chamber with catheter export, the solid-liquid mixture into the three-phase reflection Separator sedimentation, sewage sludge in

21、the flocculation, particle gradually increasing, and the role of gravity in the settlement. Precipitation ramps to the wall of sewage quagmire oblique wall slip back anaerobic reactor area, the reaction region accumulated a large number of sludge, and sludge from the treated effluent from the upper

22、sediment overflow weir area, and then discharged sludge bed. The basic requirements are: (1) To provide a conducive sludge flocculation of the physical, chemical and mechanical conditions, access to anaerobic sludge sedimentation and maintain a good performance; (2) Good sludge bed often form a fair

23、ly stable biological phase, and maintain specific probiotics environment, the strong resistance to disturbance force, the larger floc precipitation has good properties, thereby enhancing the equipment sludge concentration; (3) in the sludge bed equipment through the establishment of a precipitation

24、area, the fine particles of sludge sedimentation in the sludge layer further flocculation and sedimentation, and then back into the sludge bed. 4. UASB reactor, the process features UASB reactor operation of three important premise: reactor in the form of a good settlement or granular sludge floc sl

25、udge; produced gas and uniform distribution of water formed by mixing a good role rational design The three-phase separator, the good performance of precipitation can remain in the sludge in the reactor. (1) the use of microorganisms immobilized cell technology - sludge particles of UASB reactor usi

26、ng bacteria immobilized cell technology - Implementation of the sludge particles HRT and sludge retention time of the separation, thus prolonging the sludge sludge age, and maintain a high concentration of sludge. Anaerobic sludge particles with good performance and the settlement higher than methan

27、e-producing activity, and relatively small carrier density than artificial, generated by the sludge and gas to achieve full access to the Matrix, a saving of agitation and) for upward movreturn the equipment and sludge energy consumption need not attached precipitation separation devices. At the sam

28、e time the reactor without adding fillers and vector volume increased utilization. (2) from the gas and water distribution uniformity formed by mixing the natural good in the role of the UASB reactor, gas and water production increased flow and the formation of bubbles on the reaction region Shangcu

29、an sludge particles have an important Hierarchical role. This role not only affect the process of sludge particles, and also the formation of the granular sludge quality greatly affected. At the same time the role of mixing the sludge and to achieve full access to the matrix. (3) the rational design

30、 of the three-phase separator is the application of three-phase separator in the UASB reactor, the most important equipment. Application of the three-phase separator degassing save auxiliary devices, can be collected from the reaction zone gas separator at the same time so that the suspension of sed

31、iments down to the good performance of precipitation will remain in the sludge in the reactor. 5. UASB state and the flow of sludge UASB flow pattern within a complex reaction pattern on the region and gas production and reaction zone highly relevant, in general, the reaction zone in the lower layer

32、 of sludge, as the result of gas production, partly through the magnanimity of more sections, forming a Unit increased airflow, the mixture of lead (referring to the sludge and waterement. At the same time, this gas, and water around the downward movement of media, resulting in mixed reverse this fl

33、ow pattern resulting flow of water short. This increase in the gas away from the flow of easy to form a corner. In these dead ends, but also has a certain production levels, the formation of sludge and water mixed slow and weak, so that in the formation of sludge layer varying degrees of mixing zone

34、, the size of the mixing zone of the process and short. Suspension layer of the mixture, as gas liquid currency movements led to a higher rate of rise and fall, a strong mixed. Gas production in the relatively few cases, and sometimes suspended sludge layer and the boundary layer is obvious, and mor

35、e gas production in the circumstances, this interface not obvious. The trial showed that precipitation in the region was pushing water flow, but there is still a precipitation zone dead zone and mixing zone. UASB the sludge concentration and equipment related to the organic loading rate. Wastewater

36、treatment is sugar, and distribution of sludge in the UASB load relations. As can be seen from Figure sludge layer of sludge concentration of suspended sludge concentration, the suspension of the upper and lower parts of the sludge concentration difference of smaller, that is close to completely mix

37、ed flow pattern, the response to the district awarded sludge, when organic load at the high level of suspended sludge boundary layer and not obvious. Test shows that the sewage through the bottom of the 0.4-0.6 m high, 90% of the organic matter is converted. This shows that anaerobic sludge is highl

38、y active and changed the anaerobic treatment for a long time that the concept of the slow process. In anaerobic sludge, the accumulation of a large number of high activity of anaerobic sludge such equipment is the main reason for huge capacity, which in turn is attributable to the sludge sedimentati

39、on good performance. UASB has a high volume of organic loading rate, mainly because of the equipment, in particular the sludge layer retain a large number of anaerobic sludge. Of the stability and efficiency to a great extent depend on the settlement with excellent performance and high methane activ

40、ity of the sludge, especially granular sludge. On the contrary, if the response to the regions sludge-loose flocculation of existence, often floating sludge loss of the UASB not stable under high load operation. 6. Affect the performance of the UASB reactor main factors (1) anaerobic wastewater trea

41、tment temperature are also divided into low temperature, high temperature in the three categories of mild, the temperature range with the corresponding microbial growth range should be. So far the majority of anaerobic wastewater treatment system in the temperature range operation, to 30 to 40 most

42、common, and the best temperature at 35 to 40 . High-temperature process in more than 50 to 60 of operation. Low-temperature anaerobic sludge of moderate activity was significantly lower than that in high-temperature, the reactor load is relatively low, but for some lower temperature of wastewater, l

43、ow-temperature process is the choice of programmes. (2) pH value of the pH value of anaerobic wastewater treatment is the most important factor in the impact. Anaerobic treatment, hydrolysis and acid producing bacteria on the pH of a greater range of adaptability, but the pH-sensitive methane bacter

44、ia suitable for the growth of pH 6.5 to 7.8, which is under normal circumstances should be controlled by the anaerobic treatment of pH. (3) nutrient and trace elements anaerobic bacteria from wastewater treatment process, but it should maintain a good environment for the growth of bacteria, the bact

45、eria have sufficient guarantees of its own cell material compounds. Based on the chemical composition of cells, which include nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur, as well as calcium, magnesium, iron, and other growth or a small number of essential trace elements. (4) alkalinity and

46、volatile acid concentration to ensure that traditional theory that the formation of granular sludge reactor, alkalinity should be maintained at the 1000 5000 mgCaCO3 / l within the scope of the reactor if the alkalinity of less than 1000 mgCaCO3 / l, , PH value would lead to its decline in its first

47、-class Tang study has been confirmed to ensure that the UASB reactor sludge particles is the alkalinity of the minimum 750 mgCaCO3 / l. In the UASB reactor, the concentration of volatile acidity of security control in the 2000 mg / l (HAC) within the VFA when the concentration is less than 200 mg /

48、l, it is the best. (5) the influent concentration of suspended solids in the water to control the suspended solids (SS) concentration of strict control requirements UASB reactor process with other anaerobic treatment process significantly different. Generally speaking, in the wastewater SS / COD rat

49、io should be controlled below 0.5. (6) the control of toxic and hazardous substances control ammonia concentration: the level of ammonia concentration on anaerobic microorganisms produce two kinds of different influences. When its concentration in the 50-200 mg / l, in the anaerobic reactor could stimulate microbial role in the concentratio