初中英语语法三大从句汇总(6页).doc
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1、-初中英语语法三大从句汇总-第 4 页 英语语法三大从句汇总在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。以下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点定语从句 一、定语从句概念 定语从句(attributive clause),就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。The woman who lives next door is a teac
2、her. 先行词 定语从句 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示: 格 先行词 主格 宾格 所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that 2)主语从句1.定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。2.构成:关联词+简单句3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类:(1)从属连词that.如:That they were in truth sisters was clear f
3、rom the facial resemblance between them.很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。(2)从属连词whether.如:Whether hell come here isnt clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词 where,when,how,why.如:What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的,谁也
4、不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。Wherever you are is my home my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家我唯一的家。解释:1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有:A.It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。如:It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问她考试
5、成绩会很好。It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。B.It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句。如:Its a pity that we cant go.很遗憾我们不能去。Its no surprise that our team should have won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。C.It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,anno
6、unced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。如:It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。D.It+seem,happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如:It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。It hap
7、pened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。E.It+doesnt matter(makes no difference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如:It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:Is it true that the scientist
8、will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗?Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗?G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪!2.注意连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义。Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever=
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