化工前沿技术结课论文-碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的制备及力学性能研究(23页).doc
《化工前沿技术结课论文-碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的制备及力学性能研究(23页).doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《化工前沿技术结课论文-碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的制备及力学性能研究(23页).doc(23页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、-化工前沿技术结课论文-碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的制备及力学性能研究-第 6 页JINGCHU UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY化工前沿技术结课论文碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的制备及力学性能研究学 院 化工与药学院 专 业 化学工程与工艺 年级班别 14工艺1班 学 号 学生姓名 指导教师 2017 年6月21日目 录1 绪 论21.1 环氧树脂21.1.1 环氧树脂概述21.1.2环氧树脂分类41.1.3环氧树脂的发展现状51.2碳纤维61.2.1碳纤维概述61.2.2碳纤维生产工艺71.1.3碳纤维的发展现状71.3碳纤维环氧树脂基复合材料91.3.1碳纤维增强树脂基
2、复合材料概述91.3.2碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的应用领域91.3.3碳纤维复合材料的发展现状101.3.4目前碳纤维环氧树脂基复合材料的发展局限102 实验原理及实验方法的选择112.1 环氧树脂部分112.1.1 环氧树脂的固化机理112.1.2环氧树脂的选择122.1.3固化剂的选择132.1.4稀释剂的选择142.1.5环氧树脂增韧改性的机理概述152.1.6环氧树脂增韧改性方法的选择22.1.7环氧树脂增韧改性中发生的相关化学反应32.2碳纤维部分42.2.1碳纤维表面改性的方法42.2.2碳纤维表面改性方法的选择52.3复合材料部分52.3.1复合材料成型技术概述52.3.2复合材
3、料成型技术的选择6参考文献8致 谢10碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的制备及力学性能研究摘 要碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料因其比重轻、比强度高、比刚度大、热膨胀系数小、可设计性强,同时还兼备耐腐蚀和抗疲劳等诸多优点,在许多领域应用时很好地起到减轻结构重量、降低成本、节约资源以及优化工艺的作用。但是目前,碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料在实际工程应用中仍然存在界面结合弱、易发生脆性断裂等问题。因此,如果能够通过简单、经济、有效的方法对碳纤维表面进行改性,并对树脂基体进行增韧改性,这些都必将有效改善复合材料容易分层和脆断等问题,这对提升碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料在多种载荷作用下的力学性能和稳定性等具有
4、十分重要的现实意义。本研究首先采用去离子水超声、浓硝酸浸泡、浓硝酸超声等不同方式对碳纤维表面改性的效果进行了考察,最后优选出了浓硝酸-超声协同改性的方法,对碳纤维表面进行了成功有效的改性,并对改性后碳纤维及其环氧树脂基复合材料的结构和性能进行了详细研究。其次,通过设计碳纤维平纹布的铺层角度和顺序,考察了不同铺层方式下复合材料的力学性能,得到了力学性能较佳的复合材料铺层设计方法。最后,我们用成本较低、简单易操作和效果显著的液体丁腈橡胶(LNBR)和纳米二氧化硅作为增韧剂,对复合材料增韧改性的效果进行了研究。论文的主要研究内容和创新点如下: (1)用去离子水超声、浓硝酸浸泡、浓硝酸超声等对碳纤维进
5、行表面处理,研究了表面处理对碳纤维表面微结构、表面化学组成、相结构、复丝拉伸强度以及改性碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的结构和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:硝酸氧化和超声处理对碳纤维表面进行了有效改性,其中硝酸处理使碳纤维表面粗糙度和含氧官能团数量显著增大,超声处理使碳纤维获得了良好的分散性并使碳纤维比表面积和含氧官能团增加。而硝酸-超声协同处理使得碳纤维中的微晶尺寸变小,碳纤维表面活性增大。硝酸氧化与超声空化相结合强化了碳纤维表面的氧化和刻蚀作用,从而增强了碳纤维与树脂基体界面之间的“机械锚定”和“化学键合”作用,使碳纤维与树脂之间的界面结合强度得以有效提高,从而显著改善了复合材料的力学性能。(
6、2)详细考察了浓硝酸-超声协同改性碳纤维过程中,处理温度、超声时间对改性后碳纤维的失重率、表面微观形貌、表面化学结构及元素含量、润湿性、复丝拉伸强度等的影响效果。研究结果表明:随着硝酸-超声处理温度的升高和处理时间的延长,碳纤维表面变得更加粗糙、失重率逐渐增加而复丝拉伸强度不断降低。同时,碳纤维表面的含氧官能团数量、活性基团含量逐渐增加,从而使得碳纤维与环氧树脂间的浸润性、反应性、机械锚合作用和结合力增大,最终使改性碳纤维增强复合材料的力学性能得以显著提高。综合考虑不同条件改性后碳纤维及其增强复合材料的各方面性能,本研究确定了用硝酸-超声协同改性碳纤维的最佳工艺条件为60/2h。(3)通过改变
7、碳纤维平纹布的铺层角度和铺层顺序,制备了五种不同铺层方式的复合材料,并对它们的力学性能进行了考察和对比分析。结果表明:随着纤维铺层角度和铺层顺序的变化,制备的复合材料力学性能各异,含有(45)平纹布铺层的复合材料,它们的拉伸断裂伸长率有一定幅度的提高,但它们的拉伸强度和拉伸模量明显下降,复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量也有较为明显地下降,(45)平纹布层数越多下降越明显。最终综合考虑,确定了拉伸和弯曲性能最佳时的铺层方式为(0,90)4。(4)分别使用LNBR 和纳米二氧化硅对复合材料进行了增韧改性研究,通过对比增韧剂在不同添加量时复合材料的力学性能,确定出各自的最佳添加量,并结合它们各自的增韧改
8、性机理对实验数据进行了深入分析。研究结果表示:这两种增韧剂都可以对复合材料起到增韧补强的作用,二者在改善复合材料力学性能方面又有着各自突出的一面。我们发现,适宜的LNBR对复合材料的弯曲性能改善效果显著,复合材料的弯曲强度有了较大的提升,而适宜的纳米二氧化硅对复合材料的拉伸性能提高较为突出,可以使复合材料的拉伸断裂伸长率、拉伸强度和拉伸模量得到较明显的提高。【关键词】碳纤维;环氧树脂;超声波;复合材料;铺层设计;增韧改性;纳米二氧化硅;Study on Preparation and Mechanical Property of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Re
9、sin Composites AbstractCarbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites have been applied in many fields for lightening the structure weight, reducing costs, saving energy, and optimizing the processes owing to their light weight, high specific strength, high specific stiffness, lower thermal expansio
10、n coefficient, designed freely, fatigue durability, corrosion resistance, and many other advantages. However, some issues still exist in the practical engineering application for the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites, such as the brittle fracture, weak interfacial bonding, and so on. Th
11、erefore, if the simple, economical, and effective methods can be used in the modification of the carbon fiber surfaces and the toughening of the resin matrix, the shortcomings of the composites, such as, easy layering and brittle fracture, etc, will be overcome effectively. Consequently, it will hav
12、e very important significance to enhance the mechanical property and stability of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites under a variety of loadings. In this dissertation, firstly, the modification effect of different ways as untrasonic under the deionized water, immersion in concentrated ni
13、tric acid, and untrasonic under concentrated nitric acid on the the carbon fiber surface are investigated. Then the optimal method as the combining of nitric acid oxidation with ultrasonic treatment is selected, and the carbon fiber is modifided successfully and effectively. Meanwhile, the structure
14、 and property of the resultant carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites are studied in detail. Secondly, the mechanical property of composites is designed and evaluated by investigating the different ply patterns through changing angles of fabric layer and ply stacking sequences. As a result,
15、the optimal layer design method is confirmed for preparing of the composites with the excellent mechanical property. Finally, the effect of the liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (LNBR) and nano-silica on the toughening of the epoxy resin is studied. The main contents and innovative points of the
16、 thesis are as follows: (1) The carbon fibers are pre-treated by means of untrasonic under the deionized water, immersion in concentrated nitric acid, and untrasonic under concentrated nitric acid,respectively. Then the effect of the surface pre-treatment modes on the microstructure, surface chemica
17、l, phase composition, the multifilament tensile strength of carbon fibers as well as the microstructure and mechanical property of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites is investigated. Results show that carbon fiber surfaces can be modified effectively by nitric acid oxidation under ul
18、trasonic. Thereinto, the roughness and the amount of oxygen-containing functional groups on the carbon fiber surfaces increase with the nitric acid treatment, while the ultrasonic leads to a good dispersity of carbon fibers and the increase of the specific surface area and the oxygen-containing func
19、tional groups on the carbon fiber surfaces. Moreover, the effect of the oxidizing and etching on the carbon fiber surfaces can enhance by combining nitric acid oxidation with the ultrasonic cavitations can enhance, and which consequently increases the bonding effect of the mechanical anchor and chem
20、ically active sites between carbon fiber and resin matrix. Therefore, the mechanical property of the resulting composites are further improved significantly. (2) Carbon fiber surfaces are modified through combining nitric acid oxidation with the ultrasonic, and the influence of the different treatme
21、nt temperature and ultrasonic time on the weight loss ratio, surface microstructure, chemical structure and element content, wettability, multifilament tensile property, etc, of the fibers is investigated. Results show that the crystallinity and weight loss ratio of carbon fibers increase while the
22、carbon fiber surfaces become much coarser together with the multifilament tensile strength decreases gradually with the treatment temperature increasing and ultrasonic time extending. Meanwhile, the content of oxygen-containing functional groups and active groups at the carbon fiber surfaces increas
23、e gradually. Consequently, the reactivity, mechanical interaction, and chemical bonding force between carbon fibers and epoxy resins increase. As a result, the mechanical property of the modified carbon fibers reinforced composites is enhanced significantly. Take into account all performance of the
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 化工 前沿技术 论文 碳纤维 增强 环氧树脂 复合材料 制备 力学性能 研究 23
限制150内