奥巴马外交政策中的新自由主义与美国的外交困境(38页).docx

《奥巴马外交政策中的新自由主义与美国的外交困境(38页).docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《奥巴马外交政策中的新自由主义与美国的外交困境(38页).docx（38页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、-奥巴马外交政策中的新自由主义与美国的外交困境-第 38 页AbstractThis thesis explores efforts of Obama Administration in rebuilding American image. By analyzing Obamas foreign policy towards Mideast countries, Europe and Asia, it concludes that America is attempting to rebuild its image to develop multilateral relations. The

2、thesis gives particular attention to the impact of liberalism on America foreign policy in history and has a special analysis of its impact on the Sino-US relations.The research starts with a conceptual framework by trying to answer such questions as: what is new liberalism? Whats the difference bet

3、ween new liberalism and Neo liberalism? Considering liberalism has had great impact on Americas foreign policy since Americas independence, it also analyses the relations between liberalism and America foreign policy in history. The research then focuses on the following issues: The relations betwee

4、n new liberalism and Obamas foreign policy towards Mideast countries, Europe countries and Asian countries; Bushs unilateral policy influenced by realism and its impact on Americas today difficulties; three new liberalism themes of Obamas foreign policy; liberalisms impact on the current American di

5、plomatic predicament. It also discusses the impact of Obamas foreign policy on the Sino-US relations. On the one hand, Obama needed to deep the cooperation with China. On the other hand, Obama wanted to constrain Chinas development for Americas dominated status in Asian-Pacific region. Finally, it p

6、redicts the trend of Americas foreign policy and finds the strategy for Chinas foreign policy toward America.Liberalism is an important theory in Americas history and has great impact on America policy. Since Obama took office, there have been many critics on his foreign policy and many thought Amer

7、ica had met diplomatic predicament. The themes of Obamas foreign policy were influenced by new liberalism much. By analyzing the new liberalism in Obamas foreign policy and its impact on current America diplomacy predicament, this thesis provides researches with a new perspective of study on rethink

8、ing international environment and foreign policy among great countries.Key Words：new liberalism, American foreign policy, Obama, American diplomatic predicament, Sino-US relations摘要本文探讨了在美国内外交困的环境下，奥巴马为了重塑美国形象而做的努力，通过分析奥巴马对中东、欧洲以及亚洲所采取的外交政策得出奥巴马致力于发展多边主义外交关系。文章揭露了奥巴马外交政策中的自由主义和自由主义对于美国目前外交困境的影响。文章开篇

9、对新自由主义进行了理论界定，并区分了“新自由主义”和“新”自由主义两个不同的概念。从美国独立后，自由主义一直影响着美国的外交政策，因此本文详细论述了不同时期自由主义和美国外交政策的关系。并且着力研究了以下几个问题：自由主义与奥巴马的中东政策、欧洲政策以及亚洲政策的关系；在现实主义影响下的布什单边外交政策；奥巴马外交政策的中三个自由主义特点；自由主义对于美国目前外交困境的影响。论文也通过分析自由主义外交政策对于中美关系的影响，以及奥巴马一方面为了美国的发展需要深化与中国合作，一方面为了不失去亚太地区的领导地位而限制中国发展的矛盾境地，为中国对美政策进行了展望。自由主义在美国具有很重要的地位，并且

10、对美国外交政策产生了很大的影响。自从奥巴马上台后，美国就有人批评奥巴马的外交政策并认为美国外交已经进入困境。因为奥巴马外交政策的三个特点有很强烈的自由主义特色，通过分析奥巴马外交政策中的自由主义以及自由主义对于美国目前外交困境的影响，本文为学者们重新思考国际环境与大国外交提供了视角。关键词：自由主义, 美国外交政策，奥巴马，美国外交困境；中美关系Chapter One: Introduction1.1 Significance of the ResearchObama was elected U.S. President in 2008 and became the first black p

11、resident in American history. Since then, he has made great efforts to develop American economy in order to cope with the financial crisis, recession and high unemployment rate. Besides this, as a result of Bushs unilateral foreign policy and a series of aggressive wars in Iraq and Afghanistan in th

12、e name of anti-terrorism, Americas image and status were damaged at home and abroad, with many criticisms from Europe and Mideast. Thus, it is imperative for Obama administration to rebuild American image and status. Faced with these difficulties, Obama administrations foreign policies are mainly fo

13、cused on three themes. The first is enhancing prosperity and development, which is the constant theme for a country. The development involves economics, politics and military, which are the foundation for a country. The second is cooperation, which is also the remarkable feature of Obama administrat

14、ions policy. During his presidential campaign, he was committed to fostering multilateral relations with most of countries. Since he took office, he has made great efforts to develop relations with China, Russia, European Union and East Asia. The third theme is disarmament. Obama withdrew the troop

15、from Iraq as he promised in his campaign, contributed to the reduction of nuclear weapons in Iran and North Korea, and signed a nuclear reduction agreement with Russia, promising to reduce the amount of nuclear weapon to 1000. However, it has been more than seven years since Obama took office, but A

16、merica now still faces many problems from home and abroad, and many of them are the same as those of Bush administration or even worse than before. The current American diplomatic predicament is a great challenge for both Obama and the next president. Looking back at Obamas foreign policy, it has mu

17、ch connection with new liberalism, which advocates the importance of promoting relations between countries and power distribution. Many scholars believe that liberalism has great impact on the development of American history and every aspect of American society. This paper intends to explore new lib

18、eralism in Obamas foreign policy. Obama administrations core goals are the same ones envisaged by America founding fathers: the resolute pursuit of security, liberty, and prosperity both for American people and as the basis for a just and stable international order. New liberalism is one of many pol

19、itical and intellectual doctrines coursing through U.S. history, and has great influence on American foreign policy. Under President George W. Bush, U.S. foreign policy promoted a democracy agenda, used force readily to buttress and at times even displace diplomacy, championed free markets, and risk

20、ed, if not relished, unilateralism. Under President Obama, U.S. foreign policy has swung decisively in the opposite direction. Now, security interests matter more than democracy, force is a last resort, substantial regulations are needed to end the booms and busts of global capitalism, and multilate

21、ralism is the sine qua non of U.S. diplomacy. Obama attempted to address every conceivable foreign policy crisis on the globe. He reset relations with Russia, visited China, agonized over Afghanistan, Iraq, North Korea, and Iran, reached out to the Muslim world, attempt to region Europes trust tried

22、 to jumpstart the Middle East peace process, and promoted economic recovery, climate change, and energy independence. He tried to foster multilateral relations and promote democracy by negotiation. In this sense, Obama is clearly liberal. Meanwhile, new liberalism could provide us a new perspective

23、to have a better understanding of Obamas foreign policy.Firstly, people mainly focus on the introduction of new liberalism theories and try to present Obamas foreign policy recommendations, but they do not really analyze the history of liberalism in America and how liberalism influenced American pol

24、ices. So a research on the relations between new liberalism and America current diplomatic predicament can enrich the international relations theory and provide reference for the formulation of American foreign policy. Secondly, we can find how the new liberalism influenced Obamas foreign policy, wh

25、ich will contribute a lot to the study of contemporary American diplomacy. In addition, it is helpful for us to predict the trend of American foreign policy by studying new liberalism and America diplomatic predicament. We can also find the new characteristic of the world today. Last but not the lea

26、st, by analyzing new liberalism on Obamas foreign policy , we can have a clear insight into its impact on Sino-US relations so that some suggestions could be obtained for China, and suitable strategies taken by Chinese government in order to protect Chinas national interests and develop a healthy Ch

27、ina-US relationship.1.2Literature Review and the Research PurposeThere are many studies on Obama foreign policy study on different perspective in recent years both in America and China. New liberalism is still studied by scholars and specialists. Given the contemporary international environment, no

28、country can cope with global issues alone, and the need of cooperation is urgent. So many specialists avert themselves from the realism to seek for a new method to develop on nations diplomacy. Also some scholars have research from pragmatism to find the American philosophys effect on Obamas policy.

29、On the study of liberalism in America, there are many works and papers. Dionne, E.J. wrote Liberalism for A New Century in 2007 and stated that liberalism for a new century restored a proud political tradition and carved out a formidable defense of its philosophical tenets by examining both the hist

30、orical past and the fractious present. This book also manifestoed for a new liberalism issues an urgent and cogent call for the most important rethinking of its values since the late 1960s, when conservatives reenergized themselves after Barry Goldwaters infamous loss. Donnie discussed the liberal s

31、pirit in American and its development in different stages. Early Americans who came to America by Mayflower were just for religious freedom. America did not have a long history of civilization, thus American were naturally liberal. Then the Declaration of Independence was just liberalism declaration

32、. After World War , liberalism in America became isolationism. Until New Deal, new liberalism was started implied into American policy. new liberalism has been some common sense for American and influenced every aspect of American daily life. It is necessary to study America from liberalism. In some

33、 history books, many scholars also put high values on the impact of new liberalism on American foreign policy. The book The New Cambridge History of America Foreign Relations written by Warren I. Cohen and pressed by Cambridge University Press also emphasizes the importance of new liberalism for Ame

34、rican foreign policy. Warren I. Cohen divided the history of American foreign relations into several stages, and analyzed the difference between them. He also proposed that liberalism was in America was such a theory that made American become American. Another Chinese work named American Liberalism

35、and Its Transformation written by Qian Mansu who is a Chinese writer gave us an analysis of liberalisms impact on American history. In her book, just as John Rawlss Theory of Justice, she tried to explore the issue that how to coordinate the diversified values in a modern democratic society. There i

36、s no leading thought and official religion for such a society like America, how to share value was significant for its development. Furthermore, she discussed the American liberalism transformation with the development of America and the interaction with other political theory. Both realism and cons

37、ervativism were influenced by liberalism in America. And the paper like General Libralism and Social Change in Post World War America: A Summary of Trends written by Tom. W discussed the development of liberalism in America and found “a general shift towards liberalism during the post-World Warperio

38、d. A plurality of attitude trends have moved in the liberalism direction” (2). George Packer explained new liberalism in Obamas domestic policy in his paper The New Liberalism. He also criticized Obamas foreign policy that it is morally serious, high-minded, youthful, and a bit naive. As to Obamas f

39、oreign policy, there are also some books and papers. Joseph S Nye studied Obamas foreign policy form “smart power” in his book Soft Power and American Foreign Policy. He said it is necessary for Americans to take advantage of soft power to attract others in the international affairs. And Obama attem

40、pted to use “smart power” to reduce cost in the protection of its national interest. Another book named Barack Obama: Working to Make A Difference written by Brill, Marlene Targ. He discussed Obamas foreign policy towards Mideast and Asia, and analyzed the impact on America. Obamas foreign policy ha

41、d great difference with Bushs. It received much expectation at first, but when America was involved in Libya war, Obamas foreign policy was in doubt. This book discussed Obamas foreign policy in detail. There are many papers studying Obamas foreign policy from different aspects. Some papers discusse

42、d Obamas foreign policy towards Asia, Mideast and Russia to find the impact on America. Also some papers explored the challenges and opportunities of America in the future by studying Obamas foreign policy.Furthermore, in order to explore the relation between new liberalism and Obamas foreign policy

43、, a number of papers have come out in recent years. Zhao Kejin and Ni Shixiong discussed how the liberalism influenced American foreign policy and Sino-US relations in their paper New Liberalism and American Foreign Policy. There were three points in their papers. First, they thought Americas concep

44、t of human right which influenced by liberalism was different from Chinas, thus the disagreement arose. Second, when America liberalism concept was implied into political system, it would be inevitable to meet conflicting with China in ideology. Third, it would be helpful for Chinas export trade wit

45、h America. Another paper named Obamas Foreign Policy: A New Liberalism Era? written by Niu Xinchun explained how Obama dealt with the problems home and abroad with liberalism. He also discussed the failure of Obamas foreign policy and tried to find the reasons. On the basis of the studies discussed

46、above, this thesis focuses on new liberalism in Obamas foreign policy and its impact on the current American diplomatic predicament. Since, no works or papers as listed above have studied Obamas foreign policy from new liberalism and analyzed the current American diplomatic predicament. This thesis

47、intends to find out the impact of new liberalism on the American current diplomatic predicament from studying Obamas foreign policy towards Mideast, Europe and Asia, also summarized the three liberalism themes of Obamas foreign policy. In addition, the research will analyze the intention of Obamas f

48、oreign policy and its impact on the Sino-US relations.1.3 Analytical Method and Contents There are many critics on Obama administrations policy since Obama took office in 2009, and many specialists concerned on American diplomacy predicament. Looking into Obamas foreign policy, there are three themes, the first is weakening government role in international community, but this condition should not be exaggerated much.