甘肃省兰州市2017届高三第一次诊断性考试英语试题(word解析版)(15页).doc

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1、-甘肃省兰州市2017届高三第一次诊断性考试英语试题(word解析版)-第 15 页兰州市 2017 年高考诊断考试 英语答案解析第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节 (共 15 题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATyler was born infected with HIV and his mother was also infected. From the very beginning of his life,he was dependent on medications

2、(药物) to enable him to he was five, he had a tube surgically(外科手术上) insertedin a vein（静脉） in his tube was connected to a pump, which he carried in a small backpack on his back. Medications were connected to this pump and were continuously supplied through this tube to his bloodstream. At times, he al

3、so needed supplemented oxygen to support his breathing.Tyler wasnt willing to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease. It was not unusual to findhim playing and racing around his backyard, wearing his backpack and dragging his tank of oxygen behind him in his little wagon（小

4、推车）.All of us who knew Tyler were amazed at his pure joy in being alive and the energy it gave him. Tylersmom often made jokes onhim by telling him that he moved so fast she needed to dress him in red. That way,when she peered through the window to check on him playing in the yard, she could quickly

5、 spot him.This terrible disease eventually wore him down. He grew quite ill and, unfortunately, so did his HIV - infected mother. When it became clear that he wasnt going to survive, Tylers mom talked to him about death. She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too, and that she would b

6、e with him soon in heaven.A few days before his death, Tyler beckoned(召唤) me over to his hospital bed and whispered, I might die soon. Imnot scared. When I die, please dress me in red. Mom promised shes coming to heaven, too. Ill be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find m

7、e.1. Why did Tyler wear a backpack on his back when he was young?A. Because his mother gave it to him as a gift.B. Because he had no right to choose but to wear it.C. Because he wanted to be different from the other kids.D. Because there was a pump in it, which could help with his disease.2. Tyler a

8、sked the writer to dress him in red when he died in order to.A. show red is his favorite color.B. see the writer again in the hospital.C. make his mother recognize him easily.D. persuade his mother to keep her promise.3. Whats Tylers attitude towards death?A. ExcitedB. FearfulC. DoubtfulD. Optimisti

9、c4. What does the writer want to tell us by writing this passage?A. Even a child can teach us a lot.B. Patients should be treated with respect.C. People should have great courage to face the problems.D. We should try our best to help those who are infected with HIV.解析1. D细节理解题。根据第一段的“When he was fiv

10、e, he had a tube surgically(外科手术上) inserted in a vein（静脉） inhis tube was connected to a pump, which he carried in a small backpack on his back. Medications were connected to this pump and were continuously supplied through this tube to his bloodstream.”可知答案。2. C细节理解题。根据第二段的“Tylers mom often made jok

11、es onhim by telling him that he moved so fast sheneeded to dress him in red. That way,when she peered through the window to check on him playing in the yard, she could quickly spot him”和最后一段 Tyler 给作者说的话I might die soon. Im not scared. When I die, please dress me in red.Mom promised shes coming to h

12、eaven, too. Ill be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me.可知，他想要在去世的时候穿红色衣服，目的是妈妈在天堂能容易地找到他。3. D推理判断题。根据最后一段的I might die soon. Im not scared.”以及整篇文章的色彩可知，Tyler 对待死亡的态 度是乐观的。4. C写作意图题。尽管 Tyler 和他的妈妈都得了艾滋病，但是他们能勇敢地面对，作者的目的是告诉大家，不论 遇到什么困难，要学会勇敢地面对。BWe can achieve knowledge

13、 either actively or passively. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspape

14、rs or magazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, its not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and coworkers.Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than

15、hearsay（传闻）and rumor.Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesnt show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game.

16、The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.Thats what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most pe

17、ople listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be restated as

18、 fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.5. According to the passage, active learning may o

19、ccur in.A. reading scientific journalsB. listening to the teacher in classC. doing a chemical experimentD. watching news programmes on TV6. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. classroomB. newspapersC. active learningD. passive learning7. The game Rumor is mentioned in Parag

20、raph 2 refer to?A. playing games can make people more activeB. people tend to like telling lies when playing gamesC. a message may be changed when being passed onD. people may have problems with their sense of hearing can be inferred from the text?A. Scholars and authors cant be trusted.B. Passive l

21、earning may not be reliable.C. People like spreading rumors in daily life.D. Active learning is more Important than passive learning.5.解析：C 。本题问的是“根据文章，主动学习可能发生在哪里？”此题为细节题，根据文章第一段的第二句We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.我们主动学到知识是通过直接 经验、做实验、证明一

22、个想法或质疑。与 C 选项的做化学实验一致。6.解析：D 。本题问的是“第二自然段中划线单词 it 指代的是什么？”此题为代词指代题，由此前的Conditioned as we are to passive learning, its not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co workers.这是由 as 引起的让步状语从句的倒装句，理解为：虽然我们对于被动学习是有条件的，可是我们在日常和朋友、同事交流时依靠它是一点都不令人惊讶。从句意理解，“它”即指被动学习。7.

23、解析：C 。本题问的是“在第四自然段提到的游戏谣言是为了告诉读者什么？”此题为推理判断题。由本段对谣言 这个游戏规则的具体阐述及最后得出的Typically, the original message has changed.都是为了证明一句话在一个人 传播到另一个人的反复过程中在不断发生改变。8.解析：B 。本题为推理判断题，从文章我们能推断出什么？A 选项说学者和作者不能被信任。B 被动学习可能是 不可信任的。C 人们在日常生活中喜欢传播谣言。D 主动学习比被动学习更重要。从文章的内容看，全文由学习的 两种方式：主动学习和被动学习展开。重点都在讨论被动学习的方式中可能存在的问题。所以 AC

24、D 都是不能推断 出来的。CFour great railway journeysTravelling by rail holds a romantic and old-fashioned appeal that cant be matched by flying or driving .By taking the slow route,you get to experience and interact with an area in a completely different way.The Rocky MountaineerWhere: Canada, from Vancouver t

25、o Banff, Jasper and Calgary. When In June, which is springtime in the Rockies, complete with blooming flowers and abundant wildlife.When: In June ,which is springtime in Rockies,comlpete with blooming flowers and abundant wildlife.Duration: between two and eight days,travelling only in daylight,stay

26、ing in luxury hotels.Highlights: Splendid views of Rocky mountains,incredible luxury at every stage of the trip,traditional native storytelling,wine classes and natural history workshop.The ChepeWhere: Mexico. It begins its journey in the mountains of Chihuahua and finishes on the Sinaloa coast.When

27、: In the rainy season, from June to October, youll get lush vegetation and blooming cacti(仙人掌), although mid-summer (July) temperatures can reach 44 C.Duration: Doing the route straight through takes 14 hours, but youll want to stop off overnight and explore traditional towns along the way.Highlight

28、s: The train winds its way down through 656 km of the spectacular Copper Canyon (which is deeper than the Grand Canyon), over 37 precarious-looking bridges and through 86 tunnels. Local people sell crafts and foods along the route.The GhanWhere: Australia, from Adelaide to Darwin via Alice Springs.W

29、hen: Going during the wet season (December, January) will allow you to see more wildlife and tropical splendour in the north, though peak season is usually the winter.Duration: Going straight through takes 52 hours. There are disembarkation points from which you can take tours.Highlights: Going thro

30、ugh Australias Red Centre with cobalt-blue skies, red earth and not much else a hauntinglybeautiful and serene experience.The Royal ScotsmanWhere: Travels around the Scottish Highlands or all the way around Great Britain.When: Warmer weather and up to 20 hours of daylight in June makes it the perfec

31、t time to watch ospreys soaring (鱼鹰飞 机)over mirror-like lochs（湖）, or go in October for autumn colours and the rather vocal stag-rutting season.Duration: Trips can be as short as two days or as long as seven. Highlights: Possibly the most expensive train journey in the world. Youll be treated like a

32、member of the monarchy（皇室的）. Indulgent（放纵的）cuisine, fine wines and carriages that look like rooms at Balmoral Castle await those willing to part with a minimum of 2350 per person for a two-night trip.9. Which one of the following journey has the shortest duration? A.The ChepeB.The GhanC.The Rocky mo

33、untaineer Royal scotsman10. Visitors may have the opportunity to try some wine in. Royal scotsman and The ChepeB. The Royal scotsman and The Ghan Rocky mountaineer and The Chepe Rocky mountaineer and The Royal Scotsman11. If a Chinese family wants to have a travel during the Spring Festival,which on

34、e would be suitable for them? A.The ChepeB.The GhanC.The Rocky mountaineer Royal scotsman 解析答案9. 此题为细节理解题目。抓住题目的关键词”shortest duration”-最短的持续时间。对比四个地点，故选 AThe Rocky mountaineerbetween two and eight daysThe ChepeThe GhanThe Royal scotsmanas short as two days or as long as seven.Ta kes 14 hourstakes 52

35、 hours10 .此题为细节理解题目。定位关键词：try some wine，在 The Rocky mountaineer 中定位 wine classes and natural history workshop.在 The Royal scotsman 中定位 fine wines and carriages故答案选择 D11 .推理判断题目，根据题目中的关键信息点 during the Spring Festival，确定从四个地点的时间栏The Rocky mountaineerThe ChepeThe GhanThe Royal scotsmanIn Junefrom June

36、toDecember, in June or OctoberOctoberJanuary确定答案：BDMost episodes of absent-minded - forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room- are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “Youre supposed to remember something, but you havent encoded it deeply.”Encoding

37、, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situation. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and dont pay attention to what you did because youre involved in a con

38、versation, youll probably forget that the phone is in thejacket now hanging in your wardrobe(衣柜). “Your memory itself isnt failing you,” says Schacter, “Rather, you didnt give your memory system the information it needed.”Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who recite sports

39、statistics from 30 years ago, ” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they are more interested in whats happening around them, and memory relies on just that.Visual cues(提示) can help prevent absent-mindedness

40、, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,” hecautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the bill bottle on the kitchen table-dont leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.Another common episode of absent-minded

41、ness: walking into a room and wondering why youre there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and youll likely remember.11. What does the underlined wo

42、rd “episode” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. ExperiencesB. ExperimentsC. ExpressionsD. Feelings12. 本题属于词义猜测题。本题考查对文章整体含义的把握，通过第一段“forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room”和最后一段“Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why your

43、e there.”可知“episode”表示经历，故选择 A 选项。B 项表示实验；C 项表示表达，神情，情 感表现；D 表示情绪，感觉。13. According to the passage, women have better memories than men probably because.A. they have a wider range of interestsB. they always put things where they wereC. they pay more attention to their environmentD. they prefer to wri

44、te notes to tell them what they should do.13. 本题属于细节推断题。 通过第三段“Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they are more interested in whats happening around them”可知，女人的记忆力更好是因为更加关心身边的事，即“their environment”。A 选项的“wider range of interests”女性更加广泛的兴趣爱好在文中未提及，属于无中生有。故答案选 C。B 项在文中未提及。D

45、 项的“write notes”是在倒数第二段吃药的实例中提及的反面方法。14. What can help prevent absent-mindedness according to Schacter?A. Writing notes.B. Taking some medicine.C. Putting something in sight.D. Returning to where you were.14. 该题属于细节推断题。通过倒数第二段“ Visual cues(提示)can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter” 可知答案是“

46、Visual cues(提示)”的同意项，“visual”表示“视力的”，故选择 C 项的“putting something in sight”。其中， A 项是吃药实例中的反面方法。B 项是为了说明“ Visual cues(提示)can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter” 此观点而举的例子。D 项是最后一段中解决心不在焉的方法。15. What is the best title for the text?A. A Way of Recalling.B. The Importance of Encoding.C. Cures fo

47、r Absent-mindedness.D. Causes of Absent-mindedness.15. 该题属于主旨大意题。说明文主旨大意首先要找出文中反复出现的名词，即 absent-mindedness，答案在 C 和 D 中选择，C 和 D 的区别在于“cures”和“causes”,C 项的“cure”表示治愈，但是文章的后两段只是说“help”,即帮助 解决心不在焉的问题，而不是治愈这个问题，所以 C 项的用词不合适；而文章的主要内容就是在说明造成心不在焉 的原因，故选择 D 选项。第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入

48、空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。What makes people successful? Take a look around and talk to your friends and seniors who are very successful, you will see all of them have adopted certain values which have proved important for their success.It is evident that successful people take initiative(主动性). When they find something needs to be done, they never hesitate to do it. 16