2022年人教版英语八级上第单元知识点教案.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_最新（ 2022 秋）人教版八年级上册英语学问点可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一、重要短语归纳Unit1 Where did you go on vacation.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1.go on vacation 去度假2.stay at home 待在家里3.go to the mountains 去爬山4.go to the beach 去海滩5.visit museums参观博物馆6.go to summer camp 去参观夏令营7.quite a few 相当多8.study for 为而学习9.go out 出去10

2、.most of the time 大部分时间11.taste good 尝起来很好吃e up 出来 ,发生13.of course 当然14.feel like 给的感觉.感受到15.go shopping 去购物16.in the past 在过去17.walk around 四处走走18.because of 由于19.one bowl of一碗20.the next day 其次天21.drink tea 喝茶22.find out 找出.查明23.go on 连续24.take photos 照相25.something important 重要的事26.up and down 上上

3、下下27.have a good time 玩得兴奋 =enjoy oneself=have great fun二、惯用法1.buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物2.taste + adj. 尝起来3. look+adj.看起来4. nothingbut+ 动词原形除了之外什么都没有5. Seem+（ to be） + adj.看起来6. arrive in+ 大的点/ arrive at+ 小的点到达某的7. decide to do sth. 打算去做某事8. try doing sth. 尝试做某事/ try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 9

4、.forget doing sth. 遗忘做过某事 / forget to do sth. 遗忘做某事10.enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事11.want to do sth.想去做某事12.start doing sth. 开头做某事14.stop doing sth.停止做某事 15.dislike doing sth.不喜爱做某事 16.keep doing sth. 连续做某事17. Why not do. sth. 为什么不做了？18. so+adj.+that+ 从句如此以至于19. tell sb. not to do sth.告知某人（不要）做某事三、词语辨析1.a

5、nywhere 与 somewhere共同点：两者都是不定副词.不同点： anywhere,“在任何的方” ,常用于否定句和疑问句中.I can t find it anywhere. somewhere,“在某处,到某处” ,常用于确定句.I lost my key somewhere near here.2.与 seem有关的句式1） seem + 形容词“看起来.” You seem happy today.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2） seem + to do sth. “似乎、似乎做某事”I seem to have a cold3） It seems / s

6、eemed + 从句“看起来似乎.似乎”.It seems that no one believe you. 4） seem like.“似乎,似乎.”It seems like a good idea.3. decide:1） decide to do sth.打算做某事They decide to visit the museum. 2） decide + 疑问词+ 动词不定式He can not decide when to leave.4. start 与 begin共同点： start doing sth = start to do sth.开头,可与begin 互换.He star

7、ted doing his homework.不同点：但以下几种情形不能用begin： 1）创办,开办：He started a new bookshop last month. 2）机器开动：I can t start my car.3）动身,动身：I will start tomorrow morning.5. over：（ prep.）1）“多于,超过,在以上（表示数目、程度）”= more than如： My father is over 40 years old.2）“在之上,与物体垂直且不接触”,与under 相反.如： There is a map over the blackb

8、oard.3）“超过”： I hear the news over the radio. 4）“遍及”： I want to travel all over the world.6. too many , too much, much too1） too many“太多”,后接可数名词复数.如： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.2） too much“太多”,修饰不行数名词或修饰动词作状语.如：We have too much work to do.Don t talk too much.3） much too“太”,修饰形容词或副词.如：The h

9、at is much too big for me.Youre walking much too fast.小结：辨论三者的口诀：too much, much too,用法区分看后头：much 后接不行数,too 后修饰形或副.too many 要记住,后面名词必复数.7. because：1） because of介词短语,“由于,由于” ,后接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子.如： He can t take a walk because of the rain.2） because 连词,“由于”,引导状语从句,表示直接明确的缘由或理由.如： I don t buy the shirt b

10、ecause it was too expensive.8. try to do sth. 与 try doing sth. try to do sth ：尽力做某事. try doing sth. ：尝试做某事.如： I tried calling him, but no one answered.Im trying to learn English well 9.forget to do sth.与 forget doing sth. 1） forget to do sth. 遗忘将要做的某事如： Don t forget to close the window. 别忘了关窗户.2） fo

11、rget doing sth. 遗忘做过某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_如： I forget closing the window. 我遗忘已经关上窗户了.10. stop doing sth. 与 stop to do sth. 1） stop to do sth. 停下了去做另一件事如： I stopped to eat.我停下来开头吃东西.2） stop doing sth. 停止做某事如： I stopped eating.我停止吃东西.11. something,somebody,someone; anything,anybody,anyone somethin

12、g,somebody,someone：用于确定句anything,anybody,anyone ：用于否定句、疑问句或条件句四、重要句子1.Where did you go on vacation ？你去哪里度假了？1）这是一个由疑问副词where 引导的特殊疑问句.Where 用来询问的点或场所,用于句首,其后跟一般疑问句.如： Where are you from ？ Where does he live？2） go on vacation “去度假”He will go on vacation with his family.他要和家人一起度假. 2.Did you buy anythi

13、ng special ？你买特殊的东西了吗？ 1） buy , vt,“购买”如： It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱.2） buy sth. for sb. =buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物如： My father bought me a bike.=My father bought a bike for me. 3） anything special “特殊的东西” 留意：形容词修饰不定代词要后置如： Do you want anything else ？你仍想要其他什么吗？3. We took quite a f

14、ew photos there. 1） take photos 照相,拍照如： Could you help me take some photos ？2） quite a few “相当多”,后加可数名词复数quite a little “相当多”,后加不行数名词如： There are quite a few people in the restaurant.There is quite a little water in the bottle.4. Everything tasted really good. 全部的东西尝起来真的很好吃.taste,连系动词, “尝起来”,其后接形容词构

15、成系表结构.如： The food tastes really great.与之类似的词：sound（听起来） ,feel （摸起来） ,look （看起来）. 5.How did you like it.你觉得它怎么样？用来询问对方的观点或看法.=What did you think of it.=How did you feel about it.6.Did you go shopping. 你们去购物吗？go shopping“去购物”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -拓展： go doing “去做

16、某事” ,常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活动.如： go climbing; go skating 去滑冰 ; go hiking ; go sightseeing ; go fishing;go boating （去划船）7.I went to a friends farm in the country with my family.我和家人一起去了乡下一个伴侣的农场.a friends farm 是名词全部格形式, “一个伴侣的农场” .拖展：名词的全部格：名词的全部格主要表示所属关系,它有两种构成方式,即- s 全部格和of 全部格一） s 格的用法1）主要用于有生命的名词,其全部格构

17、成为：单数名词后加s.复数名词以s作结尾的后加,不以 s 作结尾的后加s.总结：复数名词以s 结尾加,其他都加 s如： Toms dog,my brothers books,Marys boyfriend,sheeps skin,your boss decision.2）用于表示时间,距离,的点,团体,重量,价格这六类无生命名词的全部格,也要加s 表示全部,如：a days work 一天的工作 , two miles distance 两英里的距离, ten dollars worth, five miles distance,twenty pounds weight , Beijings

18、future, the governmentsdecision , Japans industry, the earth plants. 3）全部格的一个特殊形式：共有物,只在最终一个名词的后面加s,即“共有物,最终加”.不共有,就每个名词之后都要加s,即“各自有,各自加”.如： Bill and Hillary shouse. Bill 和 Hillary 共有的房子 Bill s and Hillary shousesBill 和 Hillary各自的房子 4）全部格的省略：表示理发店、商店等名词或一些习惯用法,如: the barbers. my sister s, the tailor

19、 s.二） of 全部格的用法主要用于无生命的名词,其全部格构成为：“ of+ 名词”的结构.如： a map of China8. The only problem was that there was nothing much to do in the evening but read.唯独的问题是晚上除了读书没什么事可做.nothing adj to do“没什么事可做”如： I have nothing special to do this afternoon. 今日下午我没有什么特殊的事要做.拓展： nothing but “只有,除 .之外什么也没有” .have nothing

20、to do but do sth. “只能做某事”=have no chance but to do sth.如： I had nothing but a cup of tea this morning. 我今日早上只喝了杯茶.I had nothing to do but watch TV .w 我只能看电视了.9. Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍旧没有人看起来无聊.1） Seem 可作不及物动词或连系动词,“似乎,似乎,看来”如： Everything seems easy.拓展：Seem 的用法：seem + 形容词“看起来.” You seem h

21、appy today.seem + to do sth. “似乎、似乎做某事”I seem to have a coldIt seems / seemed + 从句“看起来似乎.似乎”.It seems that no one believe you.seem like.“似乎,似乎.”It seems like a good idea.2） bored,boring 辨析Bored ：“厌倦的.感到无聊的”,一般在句中修饰人,作表语.Boring ：“无趣的.令人厌烦的.单调的”,一般在句中修饰事或物,可作表语和定语.如： Im bored with what he said.I find

22、the story very boring.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_10. What did Lisa say about.Say about“发表对 .的看法”如： I didt say anything about it. 我对此事什么也没说.11. I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.今日早上我和家人到达了马来西亚的

23、槟城.1） arrive , vi ,“到达”.2） arrive in+ 大的点. arrive at+ 小的点“到达某的”如： The books will arrive tomorrow.这些书明天到.We arrived in Beijing yesterday. 我们昨天就到北京了.I arrived at the train station very early.12.so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. 因此我们打算到旅社邻近的海滩上去.1） go to the beach 去海滩2decide, vt,“打算”, de

24、cided to do sth.“打算做某事”如： They decide to visit the museum.13.I feel like I was a bird.It was so exciting.我感觉自己就像一只小鸟,太刺激了.feel like “给 .的感觉,感受到” ,其后常接从句.如： I feel like that I have never been there before. 我感觉从来没到过那.feel like “想要”,其后可接名词、代词、动名词.如： Do you feel like a cup of tea now. 你现在想要喝茶吗？14.I real

25、ly enjoyed walking around the town.我真的很喜爱在镇上处处走走.enjoy oneself=have a good time=have great fun “玩的兴奋,开心” 如： I enjoyed myself at the party last night.= I had a good time at the party last night.=I had great fun at the party last night.15. What a difference a day makes. 一天的变化有多大啊.本句是what 引导的感叹句.拓展：感叹句

26、的结构：1） whata/an（ adj）+ 单数的可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语； 2） What （ adj ） +复数的可数名词/不行数名词+主语 +谓语； 3） How + adj/adv +主语+谓语；如： What a beautiful girl she is.What hard work it is .What many flowers there is . What a pity.16. We wanted to walk up to shop,but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train.

27、我们想步行爬到山顶,但是天开头下起了小雨,因此我们打算乘火车去.1） Want to do sth.如： I want to clean my bedroom.2） start doing sth = start to do sth.开头,可与begin 互换.如： He started doing his homework.但以下几种情形不能用begin：创办,开办：He started a new bookshop last month.机器开动：I can t start my car.动身,动身：I will start tomorrow morning.3） a littleA li

28、ttle ,a bit区分可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_a little ： a可直接修饰不行数名词.b作副词短语, “一点儿”,在句中修饰动词、形容词或副词.但a bit 后要加 of 后才可接名词.not a little=very much表示“特别” ,但 not a bit= not at all 表示“一点也不”如： I can draw a little,but only as a hobby. 我可以画一点儿画,但是仅仅是个爱好.It s a little cold outside. 外面有点冷.He said he spoke a little Englis

29、h. 他说他会说一点英语.4） take the train 乘火车17. We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people.由于人太多,所以我们等了一个多小时的火车.1） Wait for“等候”,其后可接人或物.如： I ll wait for you at the door.Tom was waiting for a bus over there.2） over：（ prep.）a）“多于,超过,在以上（表示数目、程度）”= more than如： My father is over 40 ye

30、ars old.b“在之上,与物体垂直且不接触”,与under 相反.如： There is a map over the blackboard.c）“超过”： I hear the news over the radio. d）“遍及”： I want to travel all over the world. 3） too many, too much, much tooa）too many“太多”,后接可数名词复数.如： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.b） too much“太多”,修饰不行数名词或修饰动词作状语.如：We have too

31、much work to do.Don t talk too much.c）much too“太”,修饰形容词或副词.如：The hat is much too big for me.Youre walking much too fast.小结：辨论三者的口诀：too much, much too,用法区分看后头：much 后接不行数,too 后修饰形或副.too many 要记住,后面名词必复数.18.My father didn t bring enough money. 我爸爸没带足够的钱. 1） bring 、 takeBring “带来,拿来”如： Dont forget to br

32、ing your homework here tomorrow.不要忘了明天吧你的作业带到这来Take“带走,拿走”如： We will take the students to the museum. 我们将带同学到博物馆去2） enougha）形容词,“足够的,充分的” ,作定语修饰名词如： We have enough time to do our homework.b）副词,“足够的,充分的” ,用来修饰形容词或副词,一般置于被修饰词之后如： I know him well enough我对他足够熟识.19. Why not. 为什么不了？Why not do sth. 为什么不做某事

33、了？ 如： Why not go to the party with me.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_=Why don ytou go to the party with me.20. Twenty minutes later, the sun started to come up.20 分钟后,太阳开头升起来了.Come up“显现,发生”如： Please let me know if anything comes up. 假如发生什么事的话,请让我知道.21. My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop. 我的双腿太累了,

34、以至于我都想停下来.Sothat：“如此以至于”,引导结果状语从句,句中的so 是副词,经常用该修饰形容词或副词.拓展：So that 引导目的状语从句, “以便,为了”如： He gets up early every morning so that he can catch up the early bus.五、语法专项1.复合不定代词定义a复合不定代词由some; any; no; every 和 body; thing; one 构成的合成词.即：复合不定代词：something,somebody,someone;anything,anybody,anyone; nothing,nob

35、ody,no one; everything,everybody,everyoneb 它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语.用法1 受定语修饰时,定语应置于其后.如： Tell us something interesting.给我们讲点好玩的事.There was nobody tired.没有一个人很累.There is nothing to eat. 这里没有吃的东西.2 指人的复合不定代词如用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数he, him, his 不肯定指男性.但在非正式文体中常用复数代词they, them, their.如： If any

36、body /anyone comes, ask him /them to wait.要是有人来,让他等着.(3) anyone, everyone,someone,no one:a只能指人,不能指物;b且其后一般不接of短语.c如是指物或后接考点要求of短语,可用any one, every one 即分开写 .1 自身的意义以及对句式的要求：构成复合不定代词的两个部分分别表示不同的意义和对句式的要求以及考虑其表人仍是表物.body 用来表人. thing 用来表物. one 既可表人也可表物.some 表示 “某”,用于确定陈述句或用情态动词引导的问句中.any 表示 “某”,用于否定句或问

37、句.no 表示 “没有 ”,用于确定句说明否定意义.every 表示 “每一 ”,用于确定句或问句.2 主谓一样性关系：复合不定代词任何时候都看为单数,作主语时,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式.如：错： Everybody in our class are interested in English.对： Everybody in our class is interested in English.3 定语后置关系：对复合不定代词进行修饰的词语必需后置放在它的后面.如：错： I have important something to tell you.对： I have something i

38、mportant to tell you.(4) none 和其它复合不定代词的用法区分：none 在句中不能单独作主语,但可同of 连用带名词一起作主语.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_其它复合不定代词可单独作主语,但不能同of 连用.如：错： He is new here, so none knows him.对： He is new here, so no one knows him.错： Nobody of them has been to England before.对： None of them has been to England before.5 代换复合不

39、定代词的人称代词：在使用人称代词代换复合不定代词时,应考虑其表人仍是表物.表人时, 用 they 代换.表物时,用it 代换.如： Something is wrong with your computer, isnt it.Nobody has been there before, have they.留意：熟记以下短语搭配1. anything but并不,一点也不2. nothing but 仅仅 .只不过 .只有3. something/anything of （略有.多少）4. much of （大有）5. nothing/ little of （全无.毫无）6. something

40、 like （似乎.略微）如：He is something of a philosopher. 他略具哲学家风范.He has seen something of life.他略具阅历.He is very much of a poet.他大有诗人气派.He is nothing of a musician.他全无音乐家的风味.He is little of a scholar.他几无学者风度.It shaped something like a cigar.其外形略似雪茄.Hes anything but diligent. 他并不用功.The boy is nothing but a r

41、ascal. 这个男孩是个小调皮.There was nothing but silence in the room.这间屋内声息全无,一片安静补充：1.second to none 独一无二的2.all to nothing 肯定3.for nothing 白费,免费4.be nothing to 对.无所谓5.to say nothing of 更谈不到 .6.go for nothing 白费.没有价值7.have nothing to do but do sth. 只能做 .8.there is nothing to do sth. 没什么好 .11.nothing but 仅仅 .只

42、不过 .只有12.nothing if not特别 .e to nothing 没有结果.失败14.think nothing of认为 .算不了什么15.have nothing to do with和.无关16.there is nothing in it. 那根本没有道理21. anything but并不,一点也不如： Hes anything but diligent. 他并不用功.22. nothing adj to do“没什么事可做”如： I have nothing special to do this afternoon. 今日下午我没有什么特殊的事要做.23. nothi

43、ng but “只有,除 .之外什么也没有” .24. have nothing to do but do sth. “只能做某事”=have no chance but to do sth.如： I had nothing but a cup of tea this morning. 我今日早上只喝了杯茶.I had nothing to do but watch TV .w 我只能看电视了.2.一般过去时的规章动词与不规章动词1）规章变化直接加ed： work- worked以 e 结尾的单词,直接加d： live -lived以辅音字母 +y 结尾的,变y 为 i 加 ed： study

44、-studied以元音字母 +y 结尾的,直接加ed： enjoy -enjoyed可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最终的辅音字母+ed： stop-stopped 2）不规章变化现在式过去式中文意思现在式过去式中文意思am, iswas是maymight可能arewere是meanmeant意思是becomebecame变成meetmet遇见,见面beginbegan开头mustmust必需,应当buildbuilt建筑putput放buybought买readread阅读cancould可以riderode琦catchcaught抓住runran跑comecame来saysaid说cutcut切seesaw观察digdug挖sellsold卖do, doesdid做sendsent发送drawdrew画画setset放置drinkdrank喝s