2022年介词的用法大全.docx
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1、精品_精品资料_介词的用法一. 表示时间日期的介词1 at:主要表示方向、场所、时间的某一点可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_at the corner of the stree,tat dinner,at sixty miles an hour,be sold at three yuan a doze,ncome at us可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_固定搭配:at one time,at the beginning of,at the post office,at the airport, at the weekend,at the age of可编辑资料
2、 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_25,at the same time, at presen,tat 主要表示时间点at any time,表示缘由,表示 “见/闻而”. at the news可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示特定的时间at night a.m. 在九点钟表示不确定的时间at night, at that time, at Christmas 在圣诞期间 当天 on表示年龄段at the age of eight 在 8 岁2 in:表示场所、时间与期限、状况、方向.主要用来表示较长的时间单位,如月份、季节、年份等in the 1990s in the
3、 late 19th century形成“in+时段名词 ”的词组或固定搭配in those days, in the daytime, in a short while,in no time, in time.in主要表示时间段一般指相对较长的时间段里in the morning, in spring, in the past ten years在时间之后,用于将来时He will be back in a month.介词 in 在短语或句型中的省略:1) 某些形容词 /过去分词后接 v-ing 形式时, v-ing 形式前的介词 in 可以省略.be busy in doing be e
4、ngaged in doing(忙于)2) 某些动词如 busy 等,常与反身代词连用,其后的in 也可以省略.busy oneself in doing3) 某些动词如 spend、pass、waste等与表示时间的名词连用,后面的介词也可以省略.spend time in doing waste time in doing可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4) 在 have no difficulty in doing sth. 、have no trouble in doing sth、.词也可以省略.have no business in doing sth等.句型中介可
5、编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_5) 在句型 There is no use indoing sth中.,介词也可省略.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_固定搭配:in the world,in thefuture,in the snow /rain / storm,in ink ,in short,in public , in one s opini,onin modern times,in surprise,in a queue,in the open air3 on:主要表示在上面、依据或基础、有关或涉及的方面、表示某天.固定搭配: on doing sth.
6、,on the afternoon of October,on Tuesday evening,on foot,hit sb. on the head,on the right/ left,on fire ,on duty,on sale,on the radio, on show,on earth,on one ows n留意:一般带有宗教颜色的节日名词前面用at,如圣诞节. 一般的节日名词前用on.on 主要指详细某一天表示是详细的日期和星期on Monday, on October 1st ,1949. on my birthday某一天特定的上午下午或半夜on the night of
7、 December 31,1999. on a fine day在第几天on her first day to school, on the tenth day I was in Beijing.4 by 主要表示接近、时限、动作的执行者、方式.固定搭配: by the village, by oneself,by foot=on foot ,by hand,learnby hea,rt二. 表示的点,方位的介词5 for 主要表示目的、缘由、交换值以准时间和距离的长度.固定搭配: make sth. for sb., thank sb. for sth., for example, for
8、sale,for free, for表示一段时间表示一件事连续的长短 ,一般接详细的时间I have lived in Nanjing for 2 years.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_6 of 表示部分与全体的关系、全部关系、来源和所用的材料.of 全部格表示的多种关系:1) 从属关系: the wheel of the car2) 局部- 整体关系: some of the water3) 量化关系: a cup of tea4) 描述关系: a professor of learning(学问丰富的教授)5) 同位关系:the city of Beijing6) 动
9、宾关系: the study of the map(讨论的图)7) 主谓关系: the determination of the workers(工人们的决心)固定搭配:be fond of,make fun of,be tired of, of one s o,wninstead of,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_7 to 主要表示方向、程度、结果、关系和位置.固定搭配 to one s surprise / joy/ astonishm,etnot the east o,f public, thanks to, stick to, refer tokey to,come
10、 up to,add up to,be open to the可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_8. during 表示一段时间在期间内,强调在此期间内发生了什么事yI studied in this university for 4 years, during that time most of my time was spent in learning English.可接表示时间连续一段时间的名词during my visit to China, during my holiday9. from 与 to, till 连用Most people work from nine
11、 to five.多数人过着朝九晚五的生活10. since, since+时间点 从那一刻起,与现在完成与过去完成时连用可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He has been here since last Sunday自.四、 简单错、常考的介词及搭配从上星期天起,她就在这里可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1 be made of,be made from,be made into,be made in 2 call on = visit , call for = go and pick up3 on business (出差) / strike()罢工/
12、duty(值日)/ holiday / fire / vacation / watch(戒备)/ sale(出售)/ leave(请假)/ guard(戒备)4 have some trouble / difficulty in doing sth., have a habit / idea / plan of doing sth. 5 A is pleased to B,B is pleased with A(对感到中意)7 with the help of, under the leadership of8 by means of(使用),by way of (经由), by heart(
13、记住), by the way 9 out of question(毫无疑问), out of the question(毫不行能)10 prevent / stop / keep sb. from doing sth. 11 be thankful to sb. for sth.12 steal sth. from sb,.rob sb. of sth.13 insist on doing sth.,persist in doing sth., stick to, go on doing sth.14 set about doing sth,.set out to do sth.15 loo
14、k sb. in the face,hit sb. on the face, lead the cow by the nose 16 do a favour for sb. = do sb. a favour五、 介词的惯用型1 above all(第一), after all,at all(全然), in all2 day after day,year after year,one after one,one after another 3 at peace(和平),at war(战争),at times(经常), at dinner4 by oneself,by all means(尽一切
15、方法、务必) ,by chance,by accident, by no means(决不、并没有),by means of(用、依靠), by the way5 in her teens(十几岁),in pain,in danger, in need 6 to one s joy / sorrow / surprise可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_7 with care(认真的),with joy / pleasure(兴奋的),with one s h,elpwith the best wishes(致以我们良好的希望) ,without difficulty (毫不困难
16、的),without exception(毫不例外),without delay(立刻、立刻)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_8 according to(依据), along with(和一起),as to(至于),because o,f之外),instead of(代替)9 out of order(不正常), out of date,out of trouble(脱离困境),out of sight, out of debt(仍清了债务),out of touch(没有联系)except for(除可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_10 at the bot
17、tom of,at the centre of, at the end o,fat the top of,at the cost o(f以为代价) at the sight of,at the thought of,at a speed of11 in memory of(纪念), in favour of(同意), in the habit of(有习惯),in touch with (与保可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_持联系),on the left of, on the eve o(f在前夕)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_12 from time to
18、 time(不时的), from day to day(每天), from hand to hand(一个传一个),from side to side(左右的),from car to car(一个车厢一个车厢的) ,from bad to worse(越来越差),from beginning可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_to en(d从头到尾),from hand to mout(h仅能糊口),from head to foot,from start to finish,from one to another可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_六. 把握方式、手
19、段、工具的表达方法1) in +文字、语言、材料名词in English ink, pencil, capital letters write in pen, 用钢笔写speak in a low voice 小声说话2) with +工具、机器.人体器官.心情、情感、态度的名词with a branch, with one s nose, with pride, with satisfaction, with the help of, with one s permissionWe can see with our eyes and write with our hands.I killed
20、 a fly with a fly flap.我用苍蝇拍打死了一只苍蝇3) by 表示泛指的方式、手段by bus, by land, by means o(f用方法) , by way of(经由), by doing sth.,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_by hand(手工), by pos(t由邮局传递) , by lette(r用写信的方式) , by electricity, by hard work, by the year,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_by the hour(by + the + 单位名词)按4) 其它表示方式(情形、状况
21、、手段)的表示法through the radio / by radio / on the radio, through / by / from practice,by telephone on the telephone, on foot, on the train, in satisfaction, in surprise, in silence, in a low voice, in comfort, in sorrow, in high / good / poor spirits,in anger, in safety, in debt, in good order, in good
22、/ poor health, in tears,in use, in pain,七、 留意:某些名词和介词的固定搭配1) 要求 to:key, answer, visit, apology, introduction以 to 为中心构成短语的归纳belong to, come to(清醒) , look forward to, lead to, stick to, refer to, turn to, drink to(为 干杯) , object to(反对) , reply to the letter, help oneself to, sing / dance to the mus(ic
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