2022年人教版高一英语必修一知识点详解.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -高一英语必修1Unit 1 FriendshipPart 1. Warming up1. 介词不同,含义有别：be good to sb./sth. 对好be good for sb./sth. 对有好处be good at doing sth.善于,熟知be good with sb./sth.善于应对的eg. She was very good to me when I was ill.Doing morning exercises is good for health. Tim is good at

2、 speaking English.He is very good with children.他对孩子很有一套.2. add up 合计,把加起来add up to 合计达到add to 增加,增加add A to B 把加进里面,把和相加eg. Please add these figures up. These figures add up to 900.The bad weather added to our difficulities. Please add some salt to the water.Add three to four and you get seven. add

3、vt. 补充说（后接 that 从句或者直接引语）eg. He added that they would return in a week.3. pointn.点,要点,观点,意义,得分v.指着be on the point of doing sth. when.=be about to do sht. when. 刚要做某事,这时. There is no point in doing sth.没有必要（意义）做某事4. until 与 notuntiluntil 表示动作、 状态的连续, 强调 “始终到为止 ”,或强调某个动作或状态始终连续到另一个动作或状态显现之前.常与表示连续性动作的

4、动词连用.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_notunti表l示 “到为止.直到才”,常与表示瞬时性动作的动词连用.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_eg. He lived with his parents until he graduated from college.The noise of the street didn t stop until midnight.5. finish sth./doing sth. 后跟动名词作宾语的动词或短语仍有： admit, appreciate, avoid , consider,delay, enjoy,escap

5、e, feel like, forgive, get down to, give up, imagine ,mind, miss（错过） , practice, suggest, risk, cant stand, cant help , give up, put off 等.help sb.to do sth.There is no way to escape doing the work. 没有方法逃脱做这项工作.We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 能再次收到你的来信,我们将特别感谢.He put off paying the bills

6、.6. get sth. done 使某事被做 get 做使役动词,“使、叫、让 ”后接复合宾语 eg. When are you going to get your hair cut.I must get my homework finished first before going out to play. He got his foot hurt while playing football. get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 eg. I will get him to do the work. get sb./sth. doing 使某人或者某物开头 起来 eg. L

7、et me try now. I will get the car going. get + n. + adj. 使 成 为 某 种 状 态 eg. Get everything ready. 联想： have sth. done 使某事被做have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事have sb./sth. doing 使某人或者某物连续做某事可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 -

8、 - - - - - - - - - - -“让某人做某事 ”的表达方法let /make/have sb. do sth.get sb. to do sth.7. Your friend comes to school very upset.upset 此处为 adj. 做主语补足语,用来补充说明主语的情形.Eg. He went to bed cold and hungry.She got married young.upset 的用法：(1). adj.心烦意乱的,担心的,不适的（多做表语）搭配： be upset about sth. 为某事烦心可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精

9、品资料_be upset that心烦 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_eg. She was really upset about losing the money.I was upset that he had left without saying goodbye.(2). vt.使担心,使心烦upset, upsetupset oneself about sth 为某事苦恼Eg. Don t upset yourself about it.The bad news upset the boy s mother.8. ignorevt.不理睬,忽视eg. He ignor

10、ed my advice, so he failed in this exam.Alice saw Jack coming, but ignored him.ignorancen.无知ignorant adj.不知道的,无知的be ignorance of/about sb./sth.对某人 /某物不知道eg. I was ignorantof the factthat the boss should be so strict.我不知道老板竟然那样严格.9. calm downvt./vi.（使）寂静下来, （使）冷静下来eg. The excited girl quickly calmed

11、down.He took a deep breath to calm himself down.calmadj. 寂静的,冷静的,冷静的eg. Keep calm.After the storm, it became calm again.adj. calm, quiet, still, silent辨析：calm 寂静的,冷静的（指无风浪或者人的心情不兴奋）quiet寂静的,安静的（指没有声音,不吵闹或者心里没有苦恼,担忧）still静止的,不动的（指没有运动或者动作的状态）silent 缄默的,不出声的（指没有声音或者不讲话）【一言辨异】When facing danger, you sh

12、ould keep calm; when taken photos of, you should keep still; when someone else is asleep, you should keep quiet;in class, you shouldnketep silent about the teacher s questions.10. have got to 不得不,必需否定： havent got to = have to （否定： dont have to eg. I have got to go to a meeting.Have you got to go now

13、.He hasn t got to come tomorrow.【说明】 :have got to很少用于过去时态, have to可用于各种时态.表示一次性动作时,两者可互换,表示习惯性动作,特别句中有always, often等时,应用have to.11. concern （ 1） vt. 使担忧,涉及,关系到eg. She concerns herself about her son s future.The news concerns your brother.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 1

14、6 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -concern 做动词时,更多情形下用过去分词做表语.搭配：be concerned about/for sth. 为担忧,关怀,关注,挂念 be concerned with sth. 与有关,涉及 as/so far as sb. be concerned 就某人而言Eg. The family are all concerned about her safety.He was concerned with the matt

15、er.As far as I am concerned, I don t agree with you.(2) n. 担忧,挂念,关注,利害关系.关怀的事Eg. show/express/feel/have concern about/for关怀with concern关怀的At that time, one of his concerns was to go to college.12. go on holiday去度假take care of = look after = care for walk the dog遛狗13. While walking the dog, you were

16、careless and it got looseWhile walking the dog = While you were walking the dog是一个由 while 引导的省略的时间状语从句.在 when/while引导的时间状语从句,where 引导的的点状语从句,if/unless/once 引导的条件状语从句, as/as if 引导的方式状语从句,though/although/even if 引导的让步状语从句中, 如主从句主语相同,且从句谓语动词含有be 动词的某种形式,就从句的主语和be 动词可以省略.或者当从句主语为it ,且从句谓语动词含有be 动词的某种形式,

17、这时省略it 和 be 动词.Eg. While reading a book, I heard a knock on the door. When taken into a warm house, a piece of ice becomes smaller and smaller until in the end it disappears completely. Fill the blanks with a proper word where necessary. Once seen, it will never be forgotten. The workers just carrie

18、d out the order as told. Even if invited, I won t go to the party. Mr Green, though old, did the job very well. We should speak English whenever possible.请试着把以上省略的状语从句补充完整.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_(2). get loose 变松 “ get + adj构.成系”表结构,意为“变得”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Eg. It is getting darker and darker

19、outside.“get +过去分词 ”构成系表结构： 表示被动. Eg.get burnt 被烫伤get hurt 受伤get killed 被杀get caught 被抓 表示自身发出的动作.Eg. get changed 换衣服get dressed 穿衣服get married 结婚get washed 洗脸“get + v-ing ”构 成系表结构： （意为 “某人 /某物开头做” ,表示主动） Eg.get moving/working14. You are taking your end-of-term exam.你就要参与期末考试了.现在进行时有时也用来表示按方案支配即将发生的

20、动作,常有“意图”“支配”或“准备”的含义.Eg. We are going to Mexico next Sunday.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -He is leaving for Shanghai.一般现在时也可用来表示即将发生的动作,但常指按时刻表要发生的事情.Eg. The train leaves London at si

21、x.15. cheatvi.作弊,欺诈eg. cheat in/on an exam 考试作弊cheatvt.欺诈,骗取cheat sb.out of sth.骗取某人某物cheat sb. into doing sth.骗某人做某事eg. They are cheating her out of money.He cheated her into buying the fake diamond.他骗她买了那颗假钻石.16. should have done = ought to have done表示 “过去原来应当做某事而实际上没有做”,含有批评的意味.Eg. You should hav

22、e come here five minutes ago.The plant is dead. I should have given it more water.shouldn t have done = oughtnt to have done表示 “过去原来不应当做某事而实际上做了”.Eg. They shouldn t have left without saying goodbye.You shouldn t have made such foolish mistakes.Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending1. make a

23、list of = listv. 列表,列单子eg. They made a list of candidates （候选人） after discussion.make 用法：make+宾语 +宾语补足语（ 1） “ make 宾语 n. ”意 为 “使、让某人/ 某物 成为 ”.如：We made him our monitor.我们选他当班长.（ 2） “ make 宾语 adj.”意 为“使某人/ 某事 变得 ”.如：The news that our team had won made us very happy.当宾语是不定式短语或从句时,多用it 作形式宾语.如：I made i

24、t a condition that everybody must be on time.我提出一个条件,人人都要准时.The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.大雨使得我们无法出去.（ 3） “ make 宾语 do sth.（不带 to 的不定式） ”意为“使某人做某事”.如 :Our teacher makes us feel more confident.老师使得我们感到更自信了.在被动语态中,此类结构中省略的动词不定式to 要仍原.如：The boy was made to work twelve hours a day.这

25、个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活.相关链接： have, make, let 等使役动词和see, hear, listen to, look at, watch, notice, observe等感官动词都可接不带to 的不定式作宾补.help 后可带 to, 也可不带 to.如： Let him do whatever he wishes to do.他想干什么就让他干吧.Did you see him go out.你观察他出去了吗？I often help my mother to do some housework.我常常帮忙妈妈做些家务.（ 4）“ make 宾语 -ed（过去分词作

26、宾补）”这个结构指宾语接受后面的那个动作,表示被动的意思,意为“使某人/ 某事被”.如：The strange noise made us frightened. 古怪的声音使我们感到惧怕.The good news made us excited. 这个好消息使我们兴奋.友情提示： 通常情形下, make 后的宾语是反身代词时,作宾补的动词要用过去分词,即：make oneself V-ed （ heard, known, understood ）.如：He couldnt make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.在交通嘈杂声中他无

27、法使自己可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -的声音提高到让别人听到.但有时,依据句子意思也可用其他形式.如：The little child stood on the chair to make himself look taller.那个小孩儿站在椅子上,使他看上去更高些.（ 5）“ make宾+ 语 +V-ing（现在分词） ”这一结构表

28、示的意思是“使某人/ 某事始终在”.现在分词与宾语之间存在着规律上的主谓关系.如：He makes the boy standing all the time.他让那个男孩始终站着.常接 V-ing 形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find 等感官动词和 look at, listen to 等短语动词以及have, keep, get, make 等使役动词.现在分词作宾补和不带to 的不定式作宾补的区分是：现在分词一般表示动作正在进行,而不带to 的不定式就一般表示动作已经完成.如：I saw him puttin

29、g his hand into his pocket. 动作正在进行 I saw him put his hand into his pocket. 动作已经完成2. go through 经受,经受All of them have gone through the war. 通过,穿过This road goes through the forest. 认真检查,搜查The police went through the building, hoping to catch the thief. 做完,完成go through with sth.eg. go through with the

30、work 用光,花掉I have gone through all the envelopes 信封 I bought last week.3. hide away vi.隐藏起来eg. The thief hid away in a friende for sevserhaol uwseeks after the robbery 抢劫 . vt. 把隐匿起来eg. Why do you hide your thoughts away from me.4. 总结 conj. before的用法 : 在之前Youd better think it over before you make a d

31、ecision.之后才We walked for n early three hours before we arrived at the village.这时,常用句型为：It will not be +时间段+ before 从句（从句用一般现在时态）It was not +时间段+ before 从句（从句用一般过去时态）确定形式译为 “ 之后才”.否定形式译为“没过多长时间就”Eg. It will be ten years before we meet again. It wasn t long before heldtome about it. 仍将来得及就,不等就He rushe

32、d out of the room before I could say a word. 趁着仍没有就I must write it down before I forget it.5. set downvt. 登记,写下,登记.放下.让某人下车eg. You don t have to set down all that your teachedr .sai Please set yourself down. 请登记.Set down the heavy bags and take a rest. Please set me down at the next corner.6. a seri

33、es of + 复数名词 一连串,一系列,一套eg. a series of questions/books/picturesseriesn. 单复数相同,作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于series 的单复数. Eg. There has been a series of car accidents at the crossing.Three series of papers are handed out to the students.7.I don t set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do 我不情愿像大多数人那样在

34、 日记中记流水帐（1） set down可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -1）写下,登记.You had better set down your idea before you forget it. 2）放下. He set down his load and had a break. 他放下担子休息了一会儿.3）下车. The bus

35、set the children down just outside the school gate.set 相关短语set off1） 动身,动身（去某的） .Tom and his father set off for America yesterday, and arrived there this morning. 2）点燃 , 爆炸The children are setting fireworks off in the garden.孩子们在花园里燃放烟火.set out1） set out 动身,动身（去某的） ,相当于set offThe Chinese Team held a

36、 meeting for a whole day before setting out for Barcelona for the Olympic Games.中国队在去巴塞罗那参与奥运会之前开了一成天的会.2） set out（ + to do something ）开头,着手（做某事）.例如：The moment I got home, I set out to do my homework.set about doing sth着手（做某事） ,其意义与set out to do sth 相同.That evening he set about writing a report on p

37、ollution.那天晚上,他着手写一篇关于污染的报告.set up 建立,创立.In the southern states the slave owners wanted to set up a country of their own, where they could freely keep black people as slaves.在南方各州, 奴隶主们妄想建立他们自己的国家,在那个国家里他们可以随心所欲的把黑人当作奴隶使用.set aside1.）把放置一旁 , 不理睬Setting the chair aside, he sat on the floor. 他把椅子搁到一旁,

38、 坐在的板上.I warn them not to do it, but my objections were set aside.我警告他们不要那样做, 但他们没有理睬.2） .取消 , 驳回The Appeal Court set aside the prisoners sentence.上诉法院撤销了对刑事被告的判决.3） .留出The hotel manager set aside two pleasant rooms for us.旅店经理给我们留出两间舒服的房间set back1） .向后移Why dont you set your chair back a little to g

39、et a better view.你怎么不把椅子向后移一下好看得更清晰点儿.2） .推迟 , 耽搁The accident has set them back several weeks.那次事故已使他们耽搁了几个星期.3） .拨慢Ill set my watch back five minutes. 我要把我的表拨慢五分钟.4） .花费The dinner set me back 50 dollars. 晚饭花了我50 美元. 2. conj. as 此处引导方式状语从句,表示“象一样,依据 ” Eg. The workers just carried out the order as th

40、ey were told.as 用作连词,仍可引导以下状语从句：1). 引导时间状语从句,强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语的同时性可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.随着他年纪越来越大,他失去了对全部事物的爱好,除了园艺

41、.2). 引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管,虽然,即使”（从句需倒装）Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt.尽管天气冷,我哥只穿了一件衬衫.3). 引导缘由状语从句=since; because, “由于,由于 ”.As you were not there, I left a message.由于当时你不在那,所以我给你留了便条.4 引导比较状语从句.She is as tall as you. 她和你一样高. 练习 中译英1. 随着年龄的增长我越来越对科学感爱好.2. 由于雨下得很大,你最好穿上雨衣.3. 他学习很努力,但考试仍是没及格.答案

42、：1. As l get older l get more interested in science 2. As it is raining hard ,youd better put on your raincoat 3. Hard as he worked , he failed in the exam (3). 此处 do 为代动词,代替前面的set down a series of facts, 以免重复.【点拨】：代动词do/does/did 用来代替前面所显现过的动词或者动词短语,以免重复.Eg. Please pronounce the word as I do. Tom ca

43、n cook as well as Mary does.-Who broke the cup. - I did.8. I wonder if it s because I haven t been able to be outdoors for so long that I ve grow about everything to do with nature.这是一个复杂的长难句.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1.句型 I wonder if/whether我不“知道是否”常用来委婉的提出恳求或者陈述想法.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Eg. I wonde

44、r if you can help me with my pronunciation. 2.强调句型： It is/was +被强调部分（主语、宾语、状语）+ that/who +其他部分（强调人时可用that/who;其他成分一律用that）Eg. My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.下面对上句中的主语,宾语,的点状语,时间状语分别进行强调：It was my father that/who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.（强调主语）It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.（强调宾语）It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.（强调的点状语）It was yesterday even