2022年初中英语情态动词用法归纳.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整理学习必备中学英语情态动词用法归纳情态动词有详细的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必需跟动词原形.考点一： can, may,must等情态动词在陈述句中的用法：1. can的用法：（1）.表示才能、许可、可能性.表示才能时一般译为“能、会”,即有种才能,特别是生来具备的 才能,此时 may和 must 均不行代替它.如：She can swim fast, but I cant .她能游得很快,但我不能. I can se

2、e with my eyes.我用眼睛看.（2）.表示许可,常在口语中.如：You can use my dictionary.你可以用我的字典.（3）.表示估计,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时 cant译为“不行能”.如： Can the news be true.这个消息会是真的吗？Can it be our teacher.那个人有可能是我们老师吗？No, it can t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall. 不行能.咱们老师正在游玩长城了.【例题】 I think Miss Gao must be in t

3、he library. She said she would go there.No. She be there, I havejust been there.A.can t B.mustn t C.neednt D.wouldn t【解析】依据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知,应为“不行能”,cant表示估计 答案 A2. could 的用法：（1）.can 的过去式, 意为“能、会”,表示过去的才能. 如：He could write poems when he was 10.他十岁时就会写诗.（2）. could 在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思.如:Could you

4、 do me afavour.你能帮我个忙吗？Could I use your pen.我能用一下你的钢笔吗.Yes, you can.可以.（留意回答）3. may 的用法：（1）.表示恳求、许可,比can正式,如： May I borrow your bike.我可以借你的自行车吗？You may go home now.现在你可以回家了.【例题】 I borrow your MP3.Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would【解析】在此处表示恳求,意为“做, 可以吗”.答案： A(2) . 表示估计, 谈论可能性, 意为“可能

5、,或许”,一般用于确定句中.如：It may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨. She may be at home.她可能在家了 .(3) .may 的过去式为might,表示估计时. 可能性低于may.如：He is away from school. He might be sick.他离开学校了,可能是他生病了.(4) .表示期望、祈求、希望,常可译为“希望”.通常是用may +主+V例如：May you have a good time.祝你过得开心. May you be happy.祝你幸福；May you succeed；祝你胜利；4. must 的用法：1.mu

6、st表示主观看法,意为“必需、肯定”.如： You must stay here until I come back. 在我回来之前你必需呆在这儿. Must I hand in my homework right now.我必需现在交作业吗？2其否定形式mustnt 表示“肯定不要” “千万别” “禁止 ,不许” .如：You mustn t play withfire.你不许玩火. You mustn t be late.你肯定不要迟到.（3）对 must 引导的疑问句, 确定回答为must,否定回答为neednt或dont have to .如： Must I finish my hom

7、ework. 我现在必需完成作业吗？No, you needn t.不,你不必.4must 表示有把握的估计,用于确定句. 如: The light is on, so he must be at home now. 灯亮着, 他现在确定在家.留意其反意问句的构成形式：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整理学习必备当 must 表

8、示确定的判定、估计时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成.如： She must have seen the film before ,hasnt she.留意反意疑问句的后半部分 You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday , didn t you. 留意反意疑问句的后半部分 5. need 的用法：（1）.need表示需要、必需,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为neednt,意为“没有必要,不必”.用 need提问时, 确定回答为must,否定回答为neednt 或 don t have to.如：Need I stay

9、here any longer.我仍有必要留在这儿吗？Yes, you must . 是的. No. you needn t /dont haveto.不,你不必.2.need仍可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,假如是人作主语后边多接动词不定式.如：I need to do it right now.我需要立刻做这件事. He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多明白那个女孩.假如是物作主语,一般用need doing与need to be done这种情形下应留意两点：.主动形式的动名词doing 具有被动的含义. .该动名词可以改为其动词

10、不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变.例如： . The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.那扇门需要油漆一下.Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired.你的车需要修理了.6. dare的用法： dare 意为“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need,有两种词性：（1） dare作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时. 如：Dare he tell them what he knows.他敢告知他们所知道的情形吗？

11、I darent ask her will you do it for me.我可不敢问她,你能帮我问问吗？（2） dare作为实义动词,此时有人称、数准时态的变化.如：He doesn t dare to break his promise.他不敢食言.留意：在口语中,dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用.如：Do you dare tell her what I said.你敢告知她我说的话吗？I didn t dare look at him. 我不敢看他.7. shall的用法：shall 表示征求对方看法（多用于第一、三人称）,如：Shall we go out for a w

12、alk.我们出去漫步好吗？在英语中,我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方看法.(1). 用“ Lets do.”来提出建议.如：Lets go for a walk after supper.(2). 用“What/How about. ”来提出建议. about 后接名词或动词ing 形式.如：What about/How about a drink. What about/How about taking Tom with us. 3. 用“ Why not. ”来提出建议,表示“何不, ” not 面后接动词原形.“Why not. ”实际上是“ Why dont you/we

13、. ”的简略形式. 如：Why not meet at the school gate at eight. Why dont we stay here another day.4. 用“ Would you like. ”来提出建议,意思是“你想要, 吗 .” Would you like 后可接名词或不定式.如： Would you like a cup of tea.Would you like to go and see her.因此,假如我们说：“去游泳好吗 .”英语中可有这样几种表达法：Shall we go for a swim.Lets go for a swim , shall

14、 we.What about/How about going swimming.Why not go for a swim.Would you like to go for aswim.What do you think of going for a swim.8. should 的用法：（1）.should意为“应当”,可表示劝说、 建议、义务、责任等.如：We should protect the environment.我们应当爱护环境.（2） Should have done表示对过去动作的批判、批判.如：You should have finished your homework.你

15、应当已经完成作业了.（事实上你没有完成.）9. will的用法：will 表示意愿、意志、准备,可用于多种人称.如：I will help you if I m free this afternoon. 今日下午假如我有空,我就会帮你.留意：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整理学习必备1、will 在 there be 句型中的

16、形式及其句式变换.由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“will+ 动词原形”来表示,所以there be 句型的一般将来时的形式就是 there will be .（肯定不能说there will have ）例如：There are many students in our school.There will be many students in our school. There will be a sports meeting next week.肯定不能说： There will have a sports meeting next week.2、will与 be going to do

17、 sth 区分：. be going to表示近期、 眼下就要发生的事情, will表示的将来时间就较远一些,如：He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. be going to表示依据主观判定将来确定发生的事情,will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情.He isseriously ill. He is going to die.He will be twenty years old. be going to含有“方案,预备”的意思,而will就没有这个意思,如：She is going to le

18、nd us her book.He will be here in half an hour.在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用be going to,而多用 will,如：If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you10. had better的用法：had better意为“最好” ,没有人称的变化, 后面接不带to的不定式, 其否定形式为： had better not.如：We had better go now.我们最好现在就走.You had better not give the book to him. 你最好

19、不要把这本书给他.考点二：含有情态动词的疑问句的回答:1.对may引出的问句,可以有以下回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of course.Yes, certainly.Sure . No, you mustn t. No, you can t.2.对 must 引出的疑问句,回答方式为：Yes, ,must. No, ,needn t/ don t have to.3. could 在疑问句中, 表示委婉的语气, 此时could没有过去式的意思.如:Could you do me a favour.你能帮我个忙吗？Could I use your pen.我能用一下你的钢笔吗.

20、Yes, you can.可以.（留意回答）4. shall 引出的疑问句用于第一人称,表示征求对方看法或客气的恳求.其回答方式有以下几种：Yes, please.All right.No, thank you.5. would you , 的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. No, I won t.Sure . Im sorry , I can t.All right/ OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. No, thank you .Yes, please.【例题】 Would you do me a favour and pass on my thank

21、s to Lily. .A.That s right B.With pleasure C.It doesn t matter D.No trouble【解析】 A.意为“对了”,B. 意为“愿意效劳” , C.意为“没关系”D.意为“不费事”.答案： B考点三 : 不怜悯态动词的否定意义也不同：1.（1） .cant 可译为“不会”,如： I can t play basketball.我不会打篮球.（2）当句子表估计时,用cant表达不行能,如： He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.他不行能病了,他正和Tom下棋了.（3） cant仍可用

22、来回答 “ May I,. ”这样的问句.如：May I come in .我可以进来吗？ No, you mustn t. / cant.不,你不能.（4） can t仍可用于固定习语中.can t help doing禁不住, , 情不自禁,can t wait to do sth迫不及待, 如：She can t help crying.她不禁大哭起来.The children can t wait to open the box.孩子们迫不及待的想打开盒子.2. may 的否定式为may not,译成“可能不”,如：He may not be at home.他或许不在家.可编辑资料

23、- - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整理学习必备3.（1）mustn t表示不许,不行.如：He mustnt leave his room.他不许离开他的房间.You mustn t talk in class.你们不行以在课上说话.2 mustnt也可用于以may表示要求时的否定回答中.如：May I stand here.我可以站在这里吗

24、？ No, you mustn t cant.不,不行.4.（ 1）neednt意为“不必”.如： You neednt meet him unless youd like to. 你不需要见他,除非你情愿.（2）neednt + have+动词的过去分词,表不需要完成但已完成的动作,暗含时间或精力上的铺张.如：You neednt have bought it.你没必要买它（但你却买了）.5. shouldnt表示不应当.如： You shouldn t feel so unhappy over such little things.对于这种小事,你不应当感到这么不兴奋.考点四 : 情态动词

25、的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词 + be + done 动词的过去分词.做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面. 如：You neednt get up so early every day.你不必每天都起这么早.She shouldnt speakto her mother in that way. 她不应当用那种方式和妈妈说话.More and more trees must be planted in China. 在中国必需种植更多的树木.Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away fro

26、m us.许多星星我们都看不到,由于它们离我们太远了.考点五 :情态动词表示估计的用法:一、“情态动词 + 动词原形”表示对现在的估计.1、can 表示估计时一般用于否定句或疑问句.如：That man cant be her husbandshe is still single. Who is knocking at the door.Can it be the postman.2、must 表示确定的估计,一般用于确定句中.如：He must be in his office now.Mr Li must be working now,for the lights in his offic

27、e are still on.3、might表示估计时不肯定是may 的过去时, 只是表示其可能性较小.如：The man may be the headmaster.Where is Mr Li.He might be working in his office.May Mr Li come. He might not come here. 4、Could 表示估计时,语气can 比要弱,说话者留有余的.如：Could it be an animal. It could not be,because it is not moving.5、Should 表示估计的可能性比较大,仅比 must

28、的可能性小一点.如：It is already 10 o clock now they should be there.二、情态动词表示对过去可能发生的动作或存在过的动作的估计性用法.1、“must +have done/been- ”表示“过去肯定发生过某事或存在过某种状态”,不用于“ musnt+have- ”形式.如： She must have seen the film before,hasnt she.留意反意疑问句的后半部分You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday ,didn t you. 留意反意疑问句的后半部分 2、

29、“ should +have done /been- ”表示“本应当做某事,而实际上并没有做”.“shouldnt+ 完成式”表示“原来不应当做,而实际上却做了”.以上结构常带有说话者的批判的感情颜色.如：You should havefinished your homework earlier but in fact you did not finish it on time.You shouldn t have gone to bed when you woke up at five but in fact you went to bed again then. 3、“ neednt+完成

30、式”表示“原来没有必要做某事,而实际上却做了”.如：There was plenty of time. She neednt have hurried .4、“ can t /couldn t+have done /been- ”表示“过去不行能发生了某事或存在过某种状态”.如： I saw him just now. He can t have gone to Japan.She said the man couldnt have stolen her car. 5、“ could+have done/been- ”表示“过去原来能够,可以做某事或成为某种状态,而实际上没有”,说话者有些遗憾

31、.“could sb. have done /been- ？”是它的问句形式.如：You could have stayed with the可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整理学习必备Smiths while you were in New York but in fact you stayed in a nearby hot

32、el . Could Mr Li have helped this girl student.6、“ may/might+ 完成式”表示“过去可能,原来可以于某事而实际上没有干”,might 的可能性较小,语气较弱.如：He may have finished reading the book. She might have given you some help ,however bus she was.【情态动词易混点归纳】 易混点一 : can 和 be able to:两者表示才能时用法相同, 但 can 只有原形“ can”和过去式“ could”两种形式, 在其他时态中 要用 be

33、 able to 来表示.另外 be able to 经常指经过努力, 花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事. 如：Jim cant speak English. 吉姆不会说英语. He could speak English at 5. 他五岁时 就会说英语. Well be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他. He has been able to drive. 他已经会开车了. I m sure youll be able to finishit quickly. 我信任你能快速的完成.We were able to reach the top of

34、the mountain at noon. 我们能在中午到达山顶.易混点二 :can 和 may1. can和may均可用来征求看法或许可,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用.如：Can/ May I help you .我能帮忙你吗？2. can和 may表示可能性时的区分： 1在确定句中用might ,may ,must,不用 can 2在疑问句中表示估计用can,不用might , may, must3在否定句中用cant（不行能）,不用may,must.如： She may be in the classroom .她可能在教室里. Where can they be now.他们现在可能在

35、哪儿？That cant be true.那不行能是真的.易混点三 : may be和 maybe用法区分常用位置may bemay 为情态动词,be 为动词原形句中,作谓语maybe副词,大致、或许,相当于perhaps句首,作状语例如： He may be wrong , but I m not sure.或许他错了,但我也不确定.易混点四： cant和mustnt1. cant依据其基本用法可译为：（1）不会.如： I cant speak English .我不会说英语.（2）不能.如： We cant do it now because it s too dark.天太黑了,我们现在

36、干不了.（3）否定句中表示估计. “不行能”,如： The man cant be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher.那个人不行能是咱们老师,他年轻得多.2. mustnt意为“禁止、不许”,用来表达命令,表示剧烈的语气.如： You mustnt play football in the street. It s too dangerous.你不行以在街上踢足球,太危急了.易混点五： must和have to1. must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要.have to侧重于客观上的必要, 可用于现在时、 过去时和将来

37、时.如： I know I must study hard. 我知道我必需努力学习.My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in themid-night. 我弟弟病得厉害, 我只得半夜里把医生请来. I havent got any money with me, so I ll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱, 只好向伴侣借点了. He said they must work hard. 他说他们必需努力工作.2. have to 可以用于多种时态.而must 只用于一般现

38、在或将来.如：The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night.作文今日早晨到期,因此我不得不昨天晚上完成.易混点六 : used to do / be used to doing / be used to do,/ be used for doing sthused to do表示过去经常发生的动作,强调过去,只用于过去, 留意用to do,不用 doing 形式.而 be used to doing意为“习惯做, ”,be可有各种时态.be used to do意为“ , 被使用

39、去做 ,”为可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -名师举荐细心整理学习必备被动语态形式. be used for doing sth“用作, ”如： My father used to eating meat. 我父亲过去起床晚,但现在不得不早起了.She is used to eating meat.她习惯吃肉. He wasnt used t

40、o eating in a restaurant.他不习惯在饭店吃饭. A knife can be used for cutting things. 刀可以用来割东西/ A knife can be used to cut things. 刀可以用来割东西 【情态动词例题解析】1、 you pass me a pen. Id like to write down the phone number. Sure. Here it is.A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must【解析】由题干可知,本句表示恳求、许可.答案：A2、 May I go to the cinema,

41、 mum. Certainly, but you be back by 11 o clock.A. can B. may C. must D. need【解析】由题意可知,此处并非表估计的用法,而是妈妈对孩子提出的要求,应选 C,意为“必需”.答案： C3、You get there by bus.A. don t need B. neednt to C. don t need to D. need dont to【解析】由选项 A可知need为实义动词,故应加上 to才正确.选项B neednt 为情态动词,应去掉 to,应选C.4、You worry about me. It s noth

42、ing serious. A. can t B. mustnt C. neednt D. won t【解析】由题干It s nothing serious可推断,第一句意为“你不必为我担忧”,应选 C.此题易错选 B, mustnt意为“禁止”,故不正确.答案：C5、 Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Please. Sorry, I m not sure . But it be.A. might B.mustn t C.cant D.must解析】考查情态动词might表估计的用法.“ I m not sure”说明说话者的语气并不

43、愿定,所以要用might .答案： A 6、The man in the office be Mr. Black, because he went home just now.A.mustn t B.may not C.can t D.needn t【解析】由下文he went home just now可知,作者判定办公室里那个人（不行能是Mr. Black .mustn t意为“千万别”,may not意为“可能不”,needn t 意为“不必”.can t意为不行能,应选 C .7、 Can you go surfing with us this afternoon.I d like to , but I look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.A.need B.