新通用大学英语听力文本(34页).doc

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1、-第一章第二章第三章第四章 新通用大学英语听力文本-第 35 页第五章 第一课Part 4 PassagesPassage 1 How Casual Is Too Casual?Listen to the passages and check each statement True or False.1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. TScriptHow Casual Is Too Casual?Thirty years ago, most people in the United States, Canada, and Europe didnt think about what

2、to wear to work in an office. Men always wore suits and ties. Women wore suits or conservative skirt outfits. But in the 1990s, that started to change.It began with “casual Fridays”. During the summer, some companies invited their employees to “dress down” or wear more casual clothes to work on Frid

3、ays. The policy quickly became popular with employees. After this, it didnt take long for employees to start dressing more casually every day of the week.Many employees welcomed the new dress policy and the more comfortable work environment that came with it. Etiquette had definitely changed, and su

4、its and ties were rarely seen in many offices. Some employees went as far as wearing jeans, T-shirt, and sneakers to the office.Then some people began to change their minds about casual dress at work. Many managers felt that casual dress had led to casual attitudes towards work. Now the etiquette fo

5、r dress in many companies is beginning to change back again. Passage 2 The Origin of SaluteListen to the passage twice and fill in the blanks with the missing information.1. uncertain 2. in late Roman times 3. his right hand raised 4. weapon 5. a way of showing respect 6. touching the hatScriptThe o

6、rigin of the hand salute is uncertain. Some historians believe it began in late Roman times when assassinations were common. A citizen who wanted to see a public official had to approach with his right hand raised to show that he did not hold a weapon. Knights in armor raised visors with the right h

7、and when meeting a comrade. The practice gradually became a way of showing respect and, in early American history, sometimes involved removing the hat. By 1820, the motion was modified to touching the hat, and since then it has become the hand salute used today.Passage 3 Cultural MisinterpretationsL

8、isten to the passage. Then answer the following questions.1. Because he was most concerned about the index number.2. The Canadian takes the great concern as distrust.3. Because he assumed unconsciously that the Canadian was more similar to his Chinese employees.Script Mr. Wang, the Chairman of Board

9、 of Directors of a Chinese firm, told a story on CCTV program Dialogue of how he once almost lost a valuable Canadian employee working for him in Vancouver. He emailed every day to the Canadian, inquiring for the index number he was most concerned about. To his great astonishment, his Canadian emplo

10、yee turned in his resignation after a week. Mr. Wang was puzzled how he could do that to him as he gave such great attention to his job. A Chinese employee would have been more than happy if his or her boss had showed such great concern for him or her. He then found out that, unlike Chinese employee

11、s, the Canadian took what meant great concern to Chinese as distrust. But Mr. Wang assumed unconsciously that the Canadian was more similar to his Chinese employees than he actually was and treated him just as he treated any Chinese employee.第二课Part 3 Nonverbal CommunicationsPassage 1 Right on TimeL

12、isten to the passage. Check True, False or No Information with tick（）.Key: 1. False 2.False 3. True 4. True 5. No information 6.FalseScriptEveryone knows that different cultures have different ideas about punctuality. But one country Ecuador is trying something new.A group called Citizens Participat

13、ion has found that being late costs the country about $724 million each year. They report that more than half of all public events, as well as many government appointments and social activities, begin late. The group is trying to make people aware of punctuality and reminding them to be on time. The

14、 government, including the Ecuadorian president, is supporting the effort. Hundreds of Ecuadorian organizations and companies have signed agreements to be on time. Posters have been put up that remind people: “If youre late, someone else is waiting.” One newspaper prints a list of government officia

15、ls who arrive to events late.The campaign has generally been well-received by the Ecuadorian people and it seems to be working. Many businesses have reported that more meetings are now beginning on time.Passage 2 Seating ArrangementListen to the passage. Fill in the blanks with the missing informati

16、on. You may use what you hear or summarize it based on your understanding.1. seated or stand beside them2. at the ends of the table3. as if they are on trialScriptCulture influences the manner and meaning in seating arrangements. In the United States, they tend to talk with those opposite them rathe

17、r than those seated or stand beside them. This pattern also influences how they select leaders when in groups: in most instances, the person sitting at the head of the table is chosen as the leader. Leaders usually are accustomed to being somewhat removed physically from the rest of the group and co

18、nsequently choose chairs at the ends of the table.In China, seating arrangements take on different meanings. The Chinese often experience uneasiness when they face someone directly or sit on opposite side of a desk or table from someone. It makes them feel as if they are on trial.Passage 3 Eye Conta

19、ct Is Also a LanguageListen to the passage, and answer the following questions.1. If a person tries to avoid eye contact in a conversation, the other person may think that person is dishonest.2. In some Asian cultures such as Japan, students will often avoid making eye contact with their instructors

20、 as a sign of respect.3. No4. Japan, China and IndonesiaScriptThe study of communications sent by the eyes is also a way of communication. What the eyes communicate often depends on the culture. In the United States, it is usual for people to maintain eye contact. If a person tries to avoid eye cont

21、act in a conversation, the other person may think that person is dishonest. In some Asian cultures such as Japan, students will often avoid making eye contact with their instructors as a sign of respect.Students in a business communication class at a Mid-South university were asked to test the conce

22、pt of gaze and eye contact in the United States by maintaining steady eye contact with a person in the car next to them when they stopped at a traffic light. Responses varied from obscene gestures to making faces to returning the gaze. Students concluded that US persons are very uncomfortable with p

23、rolonged eye contact.In other cultures, there is little direct eye contact. The Japanese direct their gaze below the chin; they are uncomfortable with maintaining direct eye contact throughout the conversation. People in China and Indonesia also lower the eyes as a sign of respect, feeling that prol

24、onged eye contact shows bad manners. 第六章 第一课Part IV Disease and Treatment Passage 1 Parkinsons DiseaseListen and circle the right answer to each question.1. D 2. B ScriptParkinsons disease is a progressively disabling disease marked by trembling and increasing stiffness of the muscles. The onset of

25、this disease is gradual, which makes it difficult to diagnose in its early stage. Trembling usually begins in one or both hands; eventually the thumb and forefinger may show a rapid repetitive movement. In addition to muscular rigidity, other symptoms include slow body movement, poor coordination, a

26、nd unbalance. A shortening of muscles along the front of the neck tends to bend the head and spine forward, while the lack of animation in the face creates a mask like expression. As these symptoms worsen, chronic fatigue, mental confusion, and speech impairment may develop and the person with Parki

27、nsons may find it impossible to walk unassistedly.Passage 2 Laughter Is the Best MedicineFill in the blanks with the information you hear.1. heart attacks 2. disease 3. average 4. oxygen 5. estimated6. Laughter can even help improve your memory.7. Just read something humorous or watch a funny video.

28、ScriptTheres a saying in English: “Laughter is the best medicine.” Now studies suggest that this saying might really be true.Everyone knows that stress is bad for your health. It can give you headaches. It can cause heart attacks and other serious medical problems. When we laugh, our stress is reduc

29、ed. Then the body is able to fight disease better.People who laugh a lot have lower blood pressure than the average person. When a person laughs, his or her blood pressure goes down. When this happens, breathing becomes deeper, sending more oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. Also, laughter pu

30、shes out more air from the lungs than it takes in, which helps to clean out the lungs.Laughter is good exercise, too! Some doctors have estimated that a person can burn as many calories by laughing as by riding an exercise bike for several minutes. Laughter can even help improve your memory. When yo

31、u laugh, your muscles relax and psychological stress is reduced. This keeps the brain alert and allows you to remember more information. Some doctors are beginning to prescribe laughter along with certain medications and a healthy diet. Its easy to include laughter in your daily schedule. Just read

32、something humorous or watch a funny video. And who knows it might save your life! Passage 3 Race and DiseaseListen to the passage. Then check the following statements True or False. 1. False 2. False 3. False 4. True ScriptResearchers have found more evidence that suggests a relationship between rac

33、e and rates of lung cancer among smokers. A new study shows that black people and native Hawaiians are more likely to develop lung cancer from smoking. It compared their risk to whites, Japanese-Americans and Latinos.The study, however, found almost no racial or ethnic differences among the heaviest

34、 smokers. These were people who smoked more than thirty cigarettes each day. Other comparisons have shown that black people are more likely than whites to get lung cancer from smoking. But the scientists say few studies have compared the risks among native Hawaiians, Asians and Latinos.Researchers a

35、t the University of Southern California and the University of Hawaii did the new study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the findings.The eight-year study involved more than one hundred and eighty thousand people. They provided details about their tobacco use and their diet as well as o

36、ther information. They included current and former smokers and people who never smoked. Almost two thousand people in the study developed lung cancer.Researchers say genetics might help explain the racial and ethnic differences. There could be differences in how peoples bodies react to smoke. But en

37、vironmental influences, including the way people smoke, could also make a difference.Last June, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a drug designed to treat heart failure in black patients. The name is BiDil. The agency called it a step toward the promise of personalized medicine

38、.第二课Part 3 Get to Know Some Health MattersPassage 1 The Sleep Problems in AmericaListen to the passage about sleeplessness in America. Then circle the correct answers. 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. AScriptA new report says an estimated fifty million to seventy million Americans have sleep problems. It says many

39、 more are suffering from lack of sleep.A group of sleep research organizations asked the Institute of Medicine to study the problem. The institute is part of Americas National Academy of Sciences. The study examined why we need sleep, the effects of sleep loss and other sleep disorders. A fourteen-m

40、ember committee carried out the study. The Institute of Medicine reported their findings earlier this month.Harvey Colten of Columbia University in New York City led the study. He says sleep disorders are not recognized enough by the general public and the medical community.The report says too few r

41、esearchers are studying sleep disorders. It also says too few health care workers are trained to identify and treat the problem.The report says American businesses lose more than one hundred thousand million dollars a year because of tired workers. Some employees are too tired to report for work. Th

42、ey have accidents or are less productive at work. Other costs included increased visits to doctors.The study found that twenty percent of injuries caused by serious car accidents are linked to sleepy drivers. Alcoholic drinks were not linked to the accidents. Other studies have linked poor sleep to

43、an increased risk of health problems like heart disease, depression and unhealthy amounts of body fat. Researchers say the reason for this link is unclear.Many experts say a good amount of sleep is as important to health as diet and exercise. They say most people need seven to nine hours of sleep ea

44、ch night. Less than that can interfere with mental and physical abilities. It can lead to more serious problems, including severe sleeplessness. People with this condition temporarily stop breathing while they sleep.Researchers involved in the study are suggesting a number of steps to help prevent s

45、leep disorders. They suggest a campaign to inform the public about the problem. They want increased education and training among health care workers. And they are calling for new technology to identify and cure sleep problems.Passage 2 The Chronic DeseaseListen to a passage about chronic diseases. A

46、nswer the following questions briefly.1. cancer and lung disorders2. two-thirds3. poorer, wealthier ones4. medical treatment and lost productivity 5. alcohol and tobacco to young people ScriptChronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. Yet health experts say these conditions are of

47、ten the most preventable. Chronic diseases include heart disease, stroke, cancer and lung disorders. The World Health Organization says chronic diseases lead to about seventeen million early deaths each year. The United Nations agency expects more than three hundred and eighty million people to die

48、of chronic diseases by the year two thousand fifteen. It says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in developing nations.China alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the next ten years. That estimate represents the costs of medical treatment and lost productivity. Russia and India are also expected to face huge economic losses. It says deaths from chronic diseases have increased largely as the result of economic gains in many countries.Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deat