外研版必修3 module1 语法(9页).doc

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1、-外研版必修3 module1 语法-第 9 页Grammar:一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态&主谓一致.用所给动词的正确形式填空1Paris is one of the most beautiful cities and _(visit) by more than eight million tourists every year.2The Eiffel Tower _(locate) in Paris.3The Sagrada Familia _(design) by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.4Florences most beautiful

2、paintings and sculptures _(produce) by great artists.5Athens_(know) as the birthplace of western civilisation.6The Parthenon _(build) during this period.写出下列句子中谓语动词的正确形式1Threefourths of the project _(complete) by the time we arrived there.2Egg and rice_(be) her usual breakfast.3Many a student_(reali

3、ze) the importance of mastering a foreign language so far.4Our team _(be) an expert team.5Either the students or their head teacher _(be) supposed to reconsider how to deal with the problem.6The teacher with the students_(be) playing football on the playground.一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态一、被动语态的基本构成1一般现在时的被动语态构

4、成：is/am/aredone。I am asked to copy English words for ten times. 我被要求抄十遍英语单词。Football is played all over the world. 全世界都踢足球。2一般过去时的被动语态构成：was/weredone。The university was founded in 1901. 这所大学是1901年建的。The 28th Olympic Games were held in Beijing in 2008. 2008年第28届奥运会在北京举办。二、被动语态的用法1不清楚谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。H

5、is car was stolen when he parked in the street. 当他把车停在街上时，他的车被偷了。2没有必要指出动作的执行者时，用被动语态。No one knows when the bridge was built.没人知道这桥是什么时候建的。3强调或突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。如果需要指出动作的执行者时，可用“by动作的执行者(宾格)”这一结构。Paris is visited by many people every year. 每年有很多人参观巴黎。This painting was painted by Xu Beihong. 这幅画是徐悲鸿画的。

6、三、被动语态和系表结构的区别被动结构表示动作，句子的主语是被动动作的对象；而系表结构说明主语所处的状态，其中的过去分词已经形容词化了。The window was broken by Jack.(被动) 这玻璃是杰克打碎的。Watch out！The window is broken.(系表) 当心！这玻璃是碎的。I tapped the window and the door was opened.(被动) 我拍了拍窗户，门开了。When I returned home，the door was open.(系表) 当我回到家时，门是开着的。题组训练1 (1)用所给动词的正确形式填空Thes

7、e kinds of machines _(make) in Germany. A piano concert _(give) in Jinan last Saturday.This poem _(write) by Whitman. These famous buildings _(build) during that period.(2)把下面的句子变成被动语态We saw them play football on the playground. _.She often does her homework after school. _.I heard her singing an En

8、glish song. _.People there take good care of the old. _.主谓一致一个句子的谓语动词在人称和数上与主语必须保持一致。本模块出现的是集合名词、代词(neither，none，each)作主语时与谓语动词一致的情况。1一些集合名词，如：family，team，class，band，committee，government，group，public等用作主语时，若视为整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；若视为个体，谓语动词则用复数形式。注意：集合名词cattle，people，police作主语时，谓语常用复数。 记忆秘诀：牛群爱人民警察。People

9、are working hard in the field. 人们在地里辛勤地劳作。The police are searching for the escaped prisoners. 警察正在搜寻逃跑的罪犯。2当两个主语由or，either.or.，neither.nor.或not only.but also.等连接时，谓语动词要与最近的主语一致，即我们常说的“就近原则”。Li Ming，or you，are going to meet the foreign guests at the airport.李明或者你将去机场接外国朋友。Neither the Smiths nor their

10、 son supports the plan. 史密斯夫妇和他们的儿子都不赞成这个计划。注意：(1)both.and.连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。Both you and I are interested in football. 我和你都对足球感兴趣。(2)由as well as，along with，together with，in addition to，including，rather than，except，besides等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数取决于该词之前的主语。The students as well as their English teacher have att

11、ended the meeting.学生和他们的英语老师都参加了这次会议。A woman，together with some girls，is coming up to us.一位妇女和一些女孩朝我们走过来。3代词either和neither常作单数看待，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Either of the books is written by my mother. 这两本书中的一本是我妈妈写的。Neither of you is fit for the job. 你们两个都不适合这份工作。4代词none常被视为复数，但有时也用作单数。作主语时，谓语动词既可用复数也可用单数形式。None

12、 of them have/has yet turned up at the party. 他们都没在晚会上出现。None of the money is left. 没剩下钱。5each在意义上属于单数。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each student in our class works hard. 我们班里的每个学生都学习刻苦。Each of the women workers works as long as 12 hours every day. 每名女工每天都工作长达12个小时。题组训练2 用所给动词的正确形式填空(1)None of us _(have) a car.(2)Lo

13、ok！The cattle _(drink) at the pool over there.(3)His family is very big and all of his family _ fond of sports.(be)(4)Neither of the examples _(explain) it well.(5)Jack as well as his parents _(like) music.练习题：.用所给词的正确形式填空1 Truly elegant chopsticks might _(make) of gold and silver with Chinese chara

14、cters.2The giant panda_(love) by people throughout the world.2 Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _(be) often acceptable.3 To my delight，I _(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.4 It is important to remember that success _(be) a sum of small efforts made e

15、ach day and often _(take) years to achieve.5 All we need _(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.6 Tai Chi _(call) “shadow boxing” in English.7 We _(tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week，but for the week

16、after.8 Generally，students inner motivation with high expectations from others _(be) essential to their development.9 The university estimates that living expenses for international students _ around 8,450 a year，which _ a burden for some of them.(be).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1 Every day he makes sure that fr

17、esh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.2 Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.3 Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the skythey looked like rain！4 Today，I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm

18、 go off.5 The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trust each other.主谓一致其他情况： 一、主语为下列情况时，谓语用单数：1. 时间/距离/重量/价值/数目等名词作整体看待时。Twenty years is only a short time in human history. Thirty dollars is too high a price for the book. 2. 主语由从句、不定式短语、动名词充当时。When they will di

19、scuss it hasnt been made public. To die for the people is a worthy death. Looking after the children is her full-time job.3. 主语由“S”结尾的学科名词充当时。 Physics is well worth studying. 4. 主语为书、报、片、剧、地名、格言，国名等 The Arabian Night 天方夜谭 is an interesting storybook. 5. news, works, crossroads, woods等复数形式表示单数概念时，mea

20、ns 视情况而定。Every means has been tried to settle the problem.6. 不定代词作主语时。Somebody is looking for you. Everything is nice in your garden. Anyone is forbidden to smoke here.7. more than one或many a后接单数可数名词做主语时。 Many a person has read the novel. More than one student is against the plan. 9. 表数量的短语“one and

21、a half”后接复数名词做主语时。 One and a half years has passed since I met him last year. 10.用a series of, a pile of等引起主语时。 A series of accidents has been reported. 二、谓语动词用复数的情况1. the+姓的复数形式。 The Greens are going to make a trip to London.2. 以复数形式出现的表示群岛、山脉、瀑布等的专有名词。As is known to all, Rocky mountains stand in N

22、orth America.3. the +形容词表一类人(blind, deaf, poor, living, young, dead, wounded ) Generally, the young are thirsty for knowledge. 三、谓语动词视情况而定 1. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of, half of, a large/small quantity of+名词”构成的短语以及有“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语做主语时，其谓语动词的数常常要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。例如： H

23、alf of the students in this class are girls and of course, the rest are boys.50% of the book has been finished reading. 注意：quantities of无论修饰可数还是不可数名词、谓语动词都用复数。a quantity of后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数;后接不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。 A large quantity of water is needed. Large quantities of water have been polluted. 2.并列主语指同一概念

24、时，谓语动词用单数；指不同概念时，谓语动词用复数。 The writer and teacher is coming. The writer and the teacher are coming.3. what, who, which, such常与其后的作表语的词一致。What you said is of great importance. What you left are only several old books. Such is our plan.4.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如： Look ! Here comes the bus. On the wall

25、are many pictures. 5.在定语从句中，关系代词that，who, which等做主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如： He has many friends, who are businessmen. He is one of the students who are working hard. He is the only one of the students who is working hard.6. the number of +后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数；a number of+可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。A number of rooms

26、 are on sale. The number of the room is 303.7. an average/total of+名词复数，谓语动词用复数；the average/total of+名词复数，谓语动词用单数。 An average of 3 students are absent each day. The average of 14, 3 and 1 is 6.A total of 300 letters were received last month. The total of letters received last month was 300.8. trouse

27、rs, glasses, clothes, shoes等词做主语时，谓语动词用复数，但如果这些词前有a(the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。例如： My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes needs mending.9.代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如： All is right.一切顺利。 All are present.人都到齐了。 被动语态&主谓一致练习题1.Thestudents_often_(tell)totak

28、ecareoftheirdesksandchairs.2.MrBrown_(live)inBeijingsincehecametoChina.3.TheSmiths_(watch)TVatthistimelastnight.4.Theteachersaidthatthemoon_(go)roundtheearth.5.Russian_(learn)asthesecondlanguagebysomestudentsinChina.6.TheYoungPioneerswillgotothezooifit_(notrain)thisSunday.7.Listen!They_(talk)aboutth

29、enewfilm. 8.Mymobilephone_(steal)onabuslastweek.9.TheGreens_(watch)TVnow. 10.We_(learn)Englishforaboutthreeyears.11.Theredskirt_(cost)thegirlfortyyuan. 12.IllgohomeassoonasI_(finish)myhomework.13.Thecinema_(build)in1985. 14.Mostsciencebooksare_(write)inEnglish.1. Every teacher and every student _ fo

30、und a students Union. A. has B. have C. expects to D. hope to2. Nobody but them_ to know about the matter. A. want B. wants C. have wanted D. were wanted3. Nothing but trousers _ in that small shop.A. was worth of 20 dollars B. were worth 20 dollars C. was cost 20 dollars D. was paid for 20 dollars4

31、. The dictionary as well as the books that_pictures in them _ to her.A. has; belongs B. have; are belonged C. has; belong D. have; belongs5. Twenty percent of the work of the whole year_finished by their group last month. A. has been B. had been C. were D. was 6. A knife and fork _ on the table. A.

32、is B. are C. has been D. have being7. Neither his parents nor his wife _ anything about it. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known8. Five dollars _ too much for a ticket. A. seems B. seem C. seem to be D. are9. Most of the apples_. A. was rotten B. were rotten C. has rotten D. have rotten10. Abo

33、ut one third of the workers in that factory_ young people. A. is B. has been C. are D. have been11. Not only the teacher but also the students _ the change. A. object to B. objects to C. object D. objects12. Every means_ tried since then. A. has been B. have been C. are D. is13. This pair of trouser

34、s_ my sister. A. is belong to B. are belong C. belong to D. belongs to14. Our team _ defeated by theirs last Sunday. A. was B. had been C. has been D. have been15. Our team_ taking showers when the door was knocked open. A. was B. are C. were D. have been16. The League secretary and monitor_ asked t

35、o make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were17. His “Selected Poems” _ first published in 1965. A. were B. was C. has been D. had been18. Mr. Smith, together with his wife and two sons, _ to arrive the following day. A. are B. are going C. is D. will be19. He as well as I _ you. A. ag

36、ree with B. agree to C. agrees with D. agree to20. The singer and dancer _ our discussion. A. is to attend B. are to attend C. are attended D. is attended21. Politics _ one of the subjects that we study. A. are B. is C. shall D. were22. I have read a large part of the book, the rest _ more difficult

37、. A. is B. has C. are D. have23. All that is needed _ a continuous supply of fuel oil. A. are B. is C. have been D. has been24. More than one _ dismissed (解雇). A. have been B. has been C. are D. has25. Many a man and woman _ that he or she had better education. A. wish B. has wished C. do wish D. ha

38、ve wished26. Where to find him and how to find him _ to us.A. has not known B. have not known C. is not known D. are not known27. It is I who _ next. A. am B. be C. is D. are28. Both bread and butter _ in that shop. A. were sold out B. was sold out C. has sold out D. have sold out29. Bread and milk _ what they usually have for breakfast. A. were B. was C. is D. are30. “All_ present and all _ going on well.”Our monitor said. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are