省略主谓一致(12页).doc

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1、-省略主谓一致-第 12 页 省略专练1. How about going for a walk?_ great. Lets get going.A. Sound B. Sounding C. To sound D. Sounds2. I didnt go to the party yesterday.Oh, but you _.A. ought to B. should have C. must have D. should3. Can you still catch the last bus? Im afraid _. It left ten minutes ago.A. so B. no

2、t to C. not D. that not4. _ word by word, needless to say, the passage will be difficult to understand.A. If translating B. Having translated C. If translated D. To translate5. I like this red bike better than that black one, but it costs almost twice _.A. as much B. as many C. so much D. so many6.

3、He has been out of work for half a year. Do you know the difficulty he has _ the family?A. supported B. supporting C. to support D. support7. Its recommended that the plan he put forward _ discussed at the next meeting.A. be B. would be C. was D. must be8. Mary opened the door. There _ she had never

4、 seen before.A. a boy did stand B. a boy stood C. did a boy stand D. stood a boy9. Under the tree _ of about ten, who was waiting for his mother to come back.A. a boy sat B. did a boy sit C. sat a boy D. a boy did sit10. Im very sorry. _ you are a vegetarian (吃素的人), I wouldnt have cooked this pork f

5、or you.A. Had I known B. Did I know C. I had known D. I knew11. Will Peter go to the party?If Mary doesnt go, _.A. so will he B. neither will he C. neither he does D. so he will12. His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. _ his aunt.A. So it is B. So is it w

6、ith C. So is it D. So it is with13. Never in my life _ such delicious food. Can you tell me how you cooked it?A. I have had B. had I C. have I had D. I had14. May I have permission to leave the table?Not until _ their food.A. has everyone finished B. everyone has finishedC. will everyone finish D. e

7、veryone will finish15. As far as I know, not only is he interested in science, but also _ a gift for music.A. has he B. does he have C. does have he D. he has16. Its years since we last saw each other. So much _ that I can hardly recognize him.A. has he changed B. he has changed C. he does change D.

8、 he changes17. Only when you have learned a lesson from failure _ greater progress.A. can you make B. you can make C. you will make D. you make18. _, she couldnt work out the maths problem. So she turned to her teacher for help.A. Might she as try B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Try as sh

9、e might19. The customer said that no sooner _ the computer than it stopped working.A. he had started B. had he started C. has he started D. he started20. No matter how _ outside, he insisted on going to the railway station to meet his friend.A. heavily was it raining B. it was raining heavilyC. heav

10、ily it was raining D. was it raining heavily21. As far as we know, Tom spends at least as much time chatting on line as he _ his homework.A. does doing B. does C. doing D. does to do22. Im sorry I hurt you. I didnt mean _.A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so23. Is Peter coming with us?I hope _. He is

11、 really interesting.A. that B. it C. not D. so24. Hardly _ our walk when it began to rain.A. we began B. we had begun C. had we begun D. have we begun25. Mr. Black was teaching math in a college last year and he still _ now.A. does B. do C. was D. is参考答案及解析:1-5 DBCCA 6-10 BADCA11-15 BDCBD 16-20 AADB

12、C 21-25 ABDCD1. D。句中省略主语。Sounds great.=It sounds great. 听起来不错。2. B。根据上句可知是谈论过去的情况，故应该用“情态动词+have done”结构。句子采用省略形式“should have”。3. C。英语中常用so / not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容。Im afraid not补全为：Im afraid I cant catch the last bus.4. C。If translated= If it is translated. 当主句主语与状语从句主语相同(或从句主语为it)，并且从句谓语中含be动词，常将从句主语

13、和be动词省略。5. A。补全句子为but it costs almost twice as much as that one. 句意为：比起那辆黑色自行车，我更喜欢这辆红色的，但是这辆是那辆的两倍价钱。6. B。此题考查句式have difficulty (in) doing sth. 其中in可以省略。省略介词in的常考句式还有sb spend + 时间+(in) doing sth (某人花费时间做某事)。7. A。虚拟语气用在名词性从句中，should可省略。根据句意应用被动语态。8. D。由there开头的句子中，常用完全倒装。能用于这种结构的词除了be外，还有appear, see

14、m, remain, exist, lie, stand等。9. C。作地点状语的介词短语置于句首时，句子常用完全倒装形式。句意：在树下坐着一个大约10岁的男孩。他在等他妈妈回来。10. A。在虚拟语气条件句中，若从句的谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。句意：很抱歉。如果我当时知道你吃素的话，就不会煮猪肉给你吃了。11. B。表示前面所说的否定的情况也适合于另一个人，用“nor/neither +助动词 / 情态动词 / 系动词+主语”结构。if引导的 条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

15、12. D。当前面有两个(或两个以上)不同动作也适用于后者时，常用“so it be with sb”结构。 句意：他叔叔是个工人，在一家工厂工作了十年多了。他婶婶也是如此。13. C。表示否定意义的词或词组如never / seldom / not / little / nowhere / hardly / in no case / in no sense / by no means等开头的句子，常用部分倒装结构。句意：我一辈子从未吃过这么美味的食品。你能告诉我你是怎么做的吗?根据句意可知，应该用现在完成时。14. B。not until 位于句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，而until引导的句

16、子不倒装。until从句中用现在完成时代替将来完成时。补全答语为Not until everyone has finished their food may you have permission to leave the table。15. D。not onlybut also连接两个分句，且not only位于句首时，not only后面的分句倒装，but also后面的分句不倒装。句意为：据我所知，他不仅对科学感兴趣，而且对音乐也颇有天赋。16. A。在“sothat”结构中，so及所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装结构。句意：我们好多年没见面了。他变化如此大以致我几乎认不出来了。1

17、7. A。only修饰状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句等) 位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。句意为：只有当你从失败中汲取教训时，才能取得更大的进步。18. D。as引导的让步状语从句置于句首时，一般采用部分倒装。须将表语、状语或动词原形提前。句意：尽管她尽力了，可是她不能解出这道数学题。所以她去找老师帮忙。19. B。hardly when或 no soonerthan.句型中，如果hardly, no sooner放于句首，前面主句使用部分倒装，后面从句不倒装。句意：那位顾客说他刚启动这台计算机，它就不运转了。20. C。however, no matter how 修饰形容词或副词时要前置，用以

18、加强语气，该让步状语从句的主谓不倒装。句意为：不管外面下多大的雨，他也要坚持去火车站接朋友。又如：However hard the problem is, I am determined to work it out. 不管这道题有多难，我也决心将它算出来。21. A。此题考查spend+时间+(in) doing sth.句式。does代替动词spends。句意为“据我所知，汤姆花在上网聊天的时间至少和花在做作业上的时间一样多。”22. B。当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。补全为：I didnt mean to hurt you. mean to

19、 do sth意为“打算做某事”，mean doing意为“意味着”。句意：对不起，我弄伤了你。我不是故意的。23. D。英语中常用so / not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容。句意为：彼得和我们一起去吗?我希望如此。他真的很有趣。24. C。hardlywhen句型中，如果hardly放于句首，主句使用部分倒装，从句不倒装。hardly后面一般用过去完成时。25. D。句意：Mr. Black去年在一所大学教数学，他现在仍在教。 由题意及句中的still可知，Mr. Black现在仍在教书，应用现在进行时。为了避免重复，is后面省略了前面提到的相同部分。高中阶段能接不定式的常见动词： 不

20、定式作宾语的常见动词有：want（想要）, like（喜欢）, wish（希望）, hate（憎恨，讨厌）, prefer（宁愿）, hope（希望）, fail（失败）, plan（计划）, refuse（拒绝）, ask（要求）,continue（继续），manage（设法）, try（尽力）, offer（提供）, start（开始）, begin（开始）, forget（忘记）, remember（记得）, promise（答应）, mean（打算）, pretend（假装）, intend（想，打算）, attempt（尝试，企图）, decide（决定）, learn（学会）, d

21、esire（渴望，请求）, agree（同意）, care（关心，喜欢）, choose（选择）, determine（下决心）, expect（期望）, afford（负担得起，买得起）等。能接不定式做补语的常见的动词有：感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等；使役动词make, let, have 等；还有一般的动词如advise（建议）, allow（允许）, ask, beg（乞求）, command（命令，指挥）, tell（告诉）, invite（邀请）, force（强迫）, oblige（强迫）, get（致使）, help（帮助）, wish,

22、 want, like, hate, prefer, intend, expect, encourage（鼓励）, persuade（说服）, permit（允许，许可）, remind（使想起，提醒）, request（请求，要求）, order（命令）, warn（警告，提醒）, cause（引起）等。5. 高中阶段常见的不定式短语： 高中阶段常见的一些不定式短语可以作谓语，如：be able to do（能，会）, be about to do（即将做）, used to do（过去常常）, be glad to do（乐意做）, would like to do（想要做）,be lik

23、ely to do（很可能做）, go all out to do something全力以赴,be supposed to do应该等。高中阶段还有一些不定式短语可以作状语修饰整个句子，也可以称它们为插入语。如：to tell you the truth（说老实话），to be frank（坦率地说）, to begin with（首先）, to be brief（简言之）, to make a long story short（长话短说）, to be exact（精确地说）, to say nothing of（姑且不说），to conclude（总而言之）, to be sure（诚然

24、、固然）， to do him justice（说句对他公道的话）,so to speak（可以这么说、打个譬喻说）等 。一、主谓一致三原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。eg:Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式

25、；或主语形 式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。eg:My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。 3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如： eg:Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some book

26、s on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 二、 主谓一致常考题型 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。eg:The desk is Toms. 这张桌子是汤姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。eg:Many a student has been to Shangh

27、ai.许多学生到过上海。 3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。eg:More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。eg:Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0磅并不太重。 Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five m

28、inus four is one. 5减4等于1。5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。eg:Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。eg:One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。 7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。eg:To se

29、e is to believe眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。eg:A student or two has failed the exam.一两个学生考试不及格。 9. 当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides， except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个

30、名词一致。eg:Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数

31、名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。eg:The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) 11. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。eg:People here are very friendly.这儿的人很友好。 His famil

32、y isnt large.他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。 12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody,no one,nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数， Eg:Is everyone here today.今天大家到齐了吗？ Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 没有人在家。 13. each,either,ne

33、ither,another,the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。eg:Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 Neither answer is correct.两个答案都不正确。 14. 以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等，eg:No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 15. 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数

34、形式；由or,eitheror， neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。eg:Either my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。eg:Each of us has his likes and dislikes. Neither of th

35、e books is very interesting.16. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。eg:A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.但a variety of,a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。eg:On exhibition there are a great variety of consu

36、mer goods.The number of the students is over 80017以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。eg:There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you. 18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式.eg:The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever.

37、美是永存的。三肯定与否定一致下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。1、Weve had some(money). We havent had any(money).2、I was talking to someone. I wasnt talking to anyone.3、They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom)visit us.4、He has arrived already. He hasnt arrived yet.5、Li is coming too. Li isnt coming either.6、

38、Both of us are going. Neither of us are going.7、He likes both of them. He doesnt like either of them.注意：so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。eg:My wife like classic music very much and so do I. She doesnt like jazz and neither do I.主谓一致专项练习题1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D

39、. are 2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isnt B. isC. arentD. are 3. How many lessons do you usually haver a day? Six lessons a day. And each of them _45 minutes. A. last B. lastsC. have D. are 4. Neither Li Ping nor I _a basketball player. A. am B. is C. beD. are

40、5. There _ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are 6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. isB. are C. hasD. have 7. Maths _ my favourite subject. A. be B. is C. amD. are 8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sle

41、eping B. is sleeping C. was sleepingD. are sleeping 9. Everyone except Tom and John _there when the meeting began. A. are B. isC. wereD. was 10. That place is not interesting at all, _of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. hav

42、e knowD. is 12. Whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? There _some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. This pair of glasses _mine. A. are B. be C. isD. will be 14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited 15. Two

43、months _quite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. isB. areC. was D. were 16. In the city the old _. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of 17. His family _all very kind and friendly, His family _a happy

44、 one. A. are,is B. is,is C. are,areD. is,are 18. The singer and the dancer _come to Beijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is 19. The children in this class each _new school bag. A. have B. hasC. has gotD. are having 20. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. wasC. has been D. were 21. If Bobs wife wont agree to go on holiday in winter, .A.neither he willB. neither wont he