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1、-初中英语单词分类记忆大全-第 13 页初中英语单词分类记忆大全初中英语单词分类记忆一、分类记忆法(名词)(1)星期(week):Monday、Tuesday、Wednesday、Thursday、Friday、Saturday、Sunday(2)月份(month): January、February、March、April、May、June、July、August、September、October、November、December(3)季节(season):spring/summer/autumn/winter(春/夏/秋/冬)(4)时间:second(秒)minute(分)hour(小
2、时)day(天)night(夜)week(星期)month(月份)year(年)century(世纪)(5)国家:(country)China(中国)Japan(日本)England(英国)India(印度)Canada(加拿大)America / the United States(美国)Australia(澳大利亚)Germany(德国)Russia(俄罗斯)France(法国)(6)大洲:Asia(亚洲)Africa(非)America(美)Europe(欧洲)(7)方位(direction):east/west/south/north(东西南北) left/right(左右)(8)交通
3、工具:bike / bicycle(自行车)bus(公共汽车)car(小汽车)jeep(吉普车)train(火车)ship(轮船)plane(飞机)(9)饮食(meal):breakfast(早餐)lunch(午餐)supper(晚餐)dinner(正餐、晚餐)snack(快餐)picnic(野餐)(10)米面及肉类食品:rice(米饭)porridge(粥)dumpling(饺子)noodle(面条)meat(肉)beef(牛肉)mutton(羊肉)chicken(鸡肉)egg(鸡蛋)(11)水果(fruit):apple(苹果)banana(香蕉)pear(梨子)orange(橙子)str
4、awberry(草莓)watermelon(西瓜)(12)蔬菜(vegetable):tomato(西红柿)potato(马铃薯)carrot(胡萝卜)cabbage(洋白菜、卷心菜)onion(洋葱)(13)零食(snack):chocolate(巧克力)hamburger(汉堡包)cake(蛋糕)bread(面包)mooncake(月饼) icecream(冰淇淋)cheese(奶酪)salad(沙拉)dessert(甜食)candy(糖果)biscuit(饼干)(14)饮料(drink):juice(果汁)milk(牛奶)tea(茶)green tea(绿茶)coffee(咖啡)wate
5、r(水)(15)调料(relish):butter(黄油)sugar(糖)salt(盐)oil(油)(16)学习用品:pen(钢笔)pencil(铅笔)eraser(橡皮擦)ruler(直尺)knife(小刀)dictionary(字/词典)schoolbag(书包)pencilcase(文具盒)notebook(笔记本)textbook(课本)(17)颜色(color):red 红(的)yellow黄blue蓝green绿black黑white白orange橙黄brown棕/褐/pink粉红/purple紫/gray/grey灰/(18)衣着:clothes(衣服)hat(帽子)shirt(
6、衬衫)T-shirt(男衬衫)coat(外套/上衣)raincoat(雨衣)skirt(裙子)dress(裙子/衣服)trousers(裤子)jeans(牛仔裤)shorts(短裤)sock(袜子)shoe(鞋子)uniform(制服)(19)科目(subject):Chinese(语)math(数)English(英)history(史)geography(地)biology(生)physics(物理)chemistry(化学)P.E.(体育)music(音乐)art(美术)(20)身体部位(body):head(头)hair(头发)face(脸)eye(眼睛)nose(鼻子)mouth(嘴
7、巴)tooth(牙齿)ear(耳朵)neck(脖子)arm(手臂)hand(手)finger(手指)heart(心)back(背部)knee(膝盖)leg(腿)foot(脚)(21)亲属:father(父)mother(母)parents(父母)grandfather / grandpa(爷爷/外公)grandmother / grandma(奶奶/外婆)grandparents(爷奶/外公外婆)brother(兄弟)sister(姐妹)cousin堂(表)兄弟/堂(表)姐妹husband(丈夫)wife(妻子)son(儿子)daughter(女儿)uncle(叔/伯/舅/姨夫/姑父)aunt
8、(姨/姑/婶/ 伯母/舅母)(22)动物(animal):lion(狮子)tiger(老虎)elephant(大象)camel(骆驼)cow(奶牛)pig(猪)fox(狐狸)snake(蛇)duck(鸭子)chicken(鸡)hen(母鸡)bird(小鸟)rabbit(兔子)panda(熊猫)deer(鹿)giraffe(长颈鹿)sheep(羊)fish(鱼)ant(蚂蚁)mouse (mice) / rat(老鼠)dog(狗)cat(猫)monkey(猴子)(23)职业:teacher(老师)doctor(医生)nurse(护士)policemanwoman(男女警察)reporter(记者
9、)waiter(服务员)scientist(科学家)farmer(农民)fisherman(渔夫)cook(厨师)driver(司机) student/pupil(学生)(24)公共场所:shop / store(商店)bank(银行)hospital(医院)police station(警察局)TV station(电视站)stop(车站)cinema(电影院)theater(戏剧院)hotel(旅馆)restaurant(餐馆)factory(工厂)company(公司)market(市场)supermarket(超市)museum(博物馆)post office(邮局)school(学校
10、)airportfield(飞机场)(25)学校:primary school(小学)middle school(中学)junior high school(初中)senior high school(高中)universitycollege(大学)(26)房间:living-room(起居室/客厅)bedroom(卧室)bathroom(洗澡房)kitchen(厨房)restroom/washroom(卫生间)(27)宇宙:sun(日)moon(月)star(星星)planet(行星)earth(地球)sky(天空)air(空气)rain(雨)cloud(云)wind(风)snow(雪)fo
11、g(雾)(28)天气(weather):sunny(晴朗的)rainy(多雨的)cloudy(多云的、阴天的)windy(有风的)snowy(多雪的)foggy(多雾的)(29)运动:basketball(篮球)footballsoccer(足球)volleyball(排球)baseball(网球)tennis(羽毛球)table tennis / ping-pong(乒乓球)(30)乐器:drum(鼓)piano(钢琴)violin(小提琴)guitar(吉他)二、构词记忆法1、合成法:由两个或者两个以上的词合成新词,这种构词法叫做合成法。例如:worldwide(全世界的)=world(世
12、界)+ wide(广泛的),classroom(教室)downupstairs(在楼下/楼上)friendship(友谊) everywhere(各地/到处)homework(家庭作业)housework(家务) southeast(东南部)underground(地下的) homeland(故乡/祖国)hometown(家乡)countryside(乡村)playground(操场)toothbrush(牙刷) oversleep(睡过头) earthquake(地震)2、词缀记忆法:(1)前缀1)un-(不/非,表否定):able(能够的)unable(不能的)、(不舒服的)unusual
13、(不同寻常的)unhealthy(不健康的)unhappy(不快乐的)unfriendly(不友好的)2)dis-(不/非,表否定):advantage(优点)disadvantage(缺点)cover(覆盖)discover(发现)disagree(不同意)dislike(不喜欢)3)im-(不/非,表否定):(不礼貌的)(不可能)4)re-(又/再/重新):review(复习)return(归还)rewrite(重写)recycle(再循环;回收利用)5)inter-(相互/在一起):interview(面试)、international(国际的)、Internet(因特网)6)en-(使
14、)(鼓励)、(危及;使遭受危险)(2)后缀1)-or / -er(从事某职业的人):actor(演员)visitor(参观者)collector(搜集者)director(主任/主管)singer(歌手)teacher(老师)reader(读者)writer(作家)foreigner(外国人)learner(学习者)villager(村民)winner(胜利者)foreigner(外国人)owner(所有者/物主)特例:post(邮寄)poster(海报)draw(画画)drawer(抽屉)cook(煮)cook(厨师)cooker(厨具)2)-ist(人):science(科学)scient
15、ist(科学家)、artist(艺术家)、tourist(旅行者)、terrorist(恐怖分子)pianist(钢琴家)violinist(小提琴家)3)-tion(表示动作/状态,名词后缀):invite(v.邀请)invitation pronounce(发音) pronunciation prediction(预言)competition(竞争)、invention(发明)instruction(指示/用法说明)attention(注意、专心)pollution(污染)organization(组织)4)-ment(表示动作/状态,名词后缀):develop(v.发展)developm
16、ent(n.发展)improvement(改善)argument(争论)statement(陈述;声明)requirement(要求)government(政府)5)-ture / -ure(名词后缀): picture(图画)temperature(温度)future(将来)structure(结构;构造)pressure(压力)pleasure(愉快)6)-th(名词后缀):true(真实的)truth(真相)breath(n.呼吸)birth(n.出生)7)-ful(充满,形容词后缀):(成功的)、(精彩的)(颜色名词后缀:building(建筑物)training(训练)meaning
17、(意思)ending(结局;结尾)3、转化法:个单词由一种词类转化为另一种词类,这种构词法教转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义密切联系。show(n.展览、展示)show(v.表演、展出)water(n.水)water(v.浇水)slow(adj.慢的)slow(v.放慢)walk(v.散步、走)take a walk(n.散步)rest(v.休息)take a rest(n.休息)look(v.看)have a look(n.看一下)store(n.商店)store(v.储存)graduate(v.毕业生)graduate(v.毕业)taste(n.味道)taste(味道;鉴赏力)so
18、und(n.声音)sound(v.听起来)light(n.光线)light(v.点燃)study(v.学习;研究)study(n.学习;研究)smell(n.嗅觉;气味)smell(v.闻)empty(adj.空的)empty(v.排空)fool(n.愚人)fool(愚弄)kid(n.小孩)kid(v.开玩笑)land(n.陆地)land(v.着陆)smile(n.微笑)smile(v.微笑)waste(n.浪费;废弃物)waste(v.浪费)lock(n.锁)lock(v.锁住)book(n.书)book(v.预定),三、同义近义词记忆法answerreply(回答)reachget toa
19、rrive at/in(到达)beginstart(开始)fastquick(快速的)questionproblem(问题)healthyfit(健康的)voicesound(声音)tourtrip(旅行)bicyclebike(自行车)oftenusually(常)illsick(生病的)trashlitterrubbishgarbage(垃圾)veryquite(非常)shopstore(商店)cleversmart(聪明的)holidayvacation(假期)cutelovely(可爱的)areadistrict(地区)filmmovie(电影)look aftertake care
20、ofcare for(照顾)rightcorrect(正确) impoliterude(不礼貌的;粗鲁的)pursewallet(钱包)fix uprepairmend(修理)themetopic(主题)perhapsprobably(或许;大概)chanceopportunity(机会)companyfirm(公司)四、反义词记忆法manwoman boygirl waiterwaitress policethief beforeafter birthdeathaskanswer borrowreturn buysell bigsmall easydifficult drywet early
21、late coldhot coolwarm carefulcareless hungryfull cheapexpensive youngold newoldsafedangerous strongweak busyfree losefind laughcrypossibleimpossible longshort tallshort fatthin highlow rightwrong updown likedislike lovehate savewaste acceptrefuse lightheavy richpoor firstlast takebring interestingbo
22、ring awakeasleep healthyill ancientmodern quickslow pushpull beautifulugly quietnoisy cleandirty succeedfail samedifferent fullempty adultchild hugetiny nativeforeign wait in linecut in line out of stylein style hard-workinglazy附录:一、不规则形容词副词比较级与最高级good/well-better-best bad/badly/ill-worse-worst many
23、/much-more-most little-less-least far-farther/further-farthest/furthest old-older/elder-oldest/eldest二、不规则名词复数形式(1)单复数同形的名词ChineseChinese,deerdeer,sheepsheep,fishfish(2)单复数不同形的名词childchildren,footfeet,toothteeth,manmen,womanwomen, mousemice附:以f(e)结尾的单词,一般变f为v,再加es或s 。如:wifewives, knifeknives, wolfwo
24、lves, thiefthieves, shelfshelves, oneselfoneselves, lifelives, halfhalves, leafleaves等特例:roof(屋顶)其复数形式为roofs。三、不规则动词表1、过去式与过去分词与动词原形相同的动词(三同)Beatbeatbeat/beaten costcostcost hurthurthurt hithithit letletlet cutcutcut putputput readreadread2、原单词中字母i改为a即可变为其过去式,字母i改为u即可变为其过去分词的动词(三不同)beginbeganbegun d
25、rinkdrankdrunk ringrangrungsingsangsung swimswamswum3、原单词aw/ow改为ew即可变为其过去式,单词后面加上字母n即可变为其过去分词的动词(三不同)drawdrewdrawn growgrewgrown knowknewknown4、原单词中字母i改为a即可变为其过去式和过去分词的动词babysitbabysatbabysat sitsatsat5、原单词eep改为ept即可变为其过去式和其过去分词的动词keepkeptkept sleepsleptslept sweepsweptswept6、原单词end改为ent即可变为其过去式和其过去
26、分词的动词lendlentlent spendspentspent sendsentsent7、过去式和过去分词以aught/ought结尾的动词bringbroughtbrought buyboughtbought catchcaughtcaughtfightfoughtfought thinkthoughtthought teachtaughttaught8、其他过去式与过去分词同样的动词buildbuiltbuilt feedfedfed feelfeltfelt findfoundfoundhanghung/hangedhung/hanged have/hashadhad hearhe
27、ardheard holdheldheld laylaidlaid learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt leaveleftleft loselostlost makemademade meanmeantmeat meetmetmet paypaidpaid saysaidsaid showshowedshowed/shown spellspelled/speltspelled/spelt standstoodstood sellsoldsold telltoldtold winwonwon9、其它特殊记am/iswasbeendo/doesdiddone are
28、werebeen bearboreborn eatateeaten breakbrokebroken fallfellfallen drivedrovedrivenflyflewflown forgetforgotforgotten/forgot freezefrozefrozengetgotgotten/gotmaymight / givegavegiven rideroderidden gowentgone runranrun lielaylain seesawseenshallshould / speakspokespoken taketooktakenwearworeworn writ
29、ewrotewritten初中英语单词分类记忆一、分类记忆法(名词)(1)星期(week):Monday、Tuesday、Wednesday、Thursday、Friday、Saturday、Sunday(2)月份(month): January、February、March、April、May、June、July、August、September、October、November、December(3)季节(season):spring/summer/autumn/winter(春/夏/秋/冬)(4)时间:second(秒)minute(分)hour(小时)day(天)night(夜)wee
30、k(星期)month(月份)year(年)century(世纪)(5)国家:(country)China(中国)Japan(日本)England(英国)India(印度)Canada(加拿大)America / the United States(美国)Australia(澳大利亚)Germany(德国)Russia(俄罗斯)France(法国)(6)大洲:Asia(亚洲)Africa(非)America(美)Europe(欧洲)(7)方位(direction):east/west/south/north(东西南北) left/right(左右)(8)交通工具:bike / bicycle(自
31、行车)bus(公共汽车)car(小汽车)jeep(吉普车)train(火车)ship(轮船)plane(飞机)(9)饮食(meal):breakfast(早餐)lunch(午餐)supper(晚餐)dinner(正餐、晚餐)snack(快餐)picnic(野餐)(10)米面及肉类食品:rice(米饭)porridge(粥)dumpling(饺子)noodle(面条)meat(肉)beef(牛肉)mutton(羊肉)chicken(鸡肉)egg(鸡蛋)(11)水果(fruit):apple(苹果)banana(香蕉)pear(梨子)orange(橙子)strawberry(草莓)watermel
32、on(西瓜)(12)蔬菜(vegetable):tomato(西红柿)potato(马铃薯)carrot(胡萝卜)cabbage(洋白菜、卷心菜)onion(洋葱)(13)零食(snack):chocolate(巧克力)hamburger(汉堡包)cake(蛋糕)bread(面包)mooncake(月饼) icecream(冰淇淋)cheese(奶酪)salad(沙拉)dessert(甜食)candy(糖果)biscuit(饼干)(14)饮料(drink):juice(果汁)milk(牛奶)tea(茶)green tea(绿茶)coffee(咖啡)water(水)(15)调料(relish):
33、butter(黄油)sugar(糖)salt(盐)oil(油)(16)学习用品:pen(钢笔)pencil(铅笔)eraser(橡皮擦)ruler(直尺)knife(小刀)dictionary(字/词典)schoolbag(书包)pencilcase(文具盒)notebook(笔记本)textbook(课本)(17)颜色(color):red 红(的)yellow黄blue蓝green绿black黑white白orange橙黄brown棕/褐/pink粉红/purple紫/gray/grey灰/(18)衣着:clothes(衣服)hat(帽子)shirt(衬衫)T-shirt(男衬衫)coat
34、(外套/上衣)raincoat(雨衣)skirt(裙子)dress(裙子/衣服)trousers(裤子)jeans(牛仔裤)shorts(短裤)sock(袜子)shoe(鞋子)uniform(制服)(19)科目(subject):Chinese(语)math(数)English(英)history(史)geography(地)biology(生)physics(物理)chemistry(化学)P.E.(体育)music(音乐)art(美术)(20)身体部位(body):head(头)hair(头发)face(脸)eye(眼睛)nose(鼻子)mouth(嘴巴)tooth(牙齿)ear(耳朵)n
35、eck(脖子)arm(手臂)hand(手)finger(手指)heart(心)back(背部)knee(膝盖)leg(腿)foot(脚)(21)亲属:father(父)mother(母)parents(父母)grandfather / grandpa(爷爷/外公)grandmother / grandma(奶奶/外婆)grandparents(爷奶/外公外婆)brother(兄弟)sister(姐妹)cousin堂(表)兄弟/堂(表)姐妹husband(丈夫)wife(妻子)son(儿子)daughter(女儿)uncle(叔/伯/舅/姨夫/姑父)aunt(姨/姑/婶/ 伯母/舅母)(22)动
36、物(animal):lion(狮子)tiger(老虎)elephant(大象)camel(骆驼)cow(奶牛)pig(猪)fox(狐狸)snake(蛇)duck(鸭子)chicken(鸡)hen(母鸡)bird(小鸟)rabbit(兔子)panda(熊猫)deer(鹿)giraffe(长颈鹿)sheep(羊)fish(鱼)ant(蚂蚁)mouse (mice) / rat(老鼠)dog(狗)cat(猫)monkey(猴子)(23)职业:teacher(老师)doctor(医生)nurse(护士)policemanwoman(男女警察)reporter(记者)waiter(服务员)scienti
37、st(科学家)farmer(农民)fisherman(渔夫)cook(厨师)driver(司机) student/pupil(学生)(24)公共场所:shop / store(商店)bank(银行)hospital(医院)police station(警察局)TV station(电视站)stop(车站)cinema(电影院)theater(戏剧院)hotel(旅馆)restaurant(餐馆)factory(工厂)company(公司)market(市场)supermarket(超市)museum(博物馆)post office(邮局)school(学校)airportfield(飞机场)(
38、25)学校:primary school(小学)middle school(中学)junior high school(初中)senior high school(高中)universitycollege(大学)(26)房间:living-room(起居室/客厅)bedroom(卧室)bathroom(洗澡房)kitchen(厨房)restroom/washroom(卫生间)(27)宇宙:sun(日)moon(月)star(星星)planet(行星)earth(地球)sky(天空)air(空气)rain(雨)cloud(云)wind(风)snow(雪)fog(雾)(28)天气(weather)
39、:sunny(晴朗的)rainy(多雨的)cloudy(多云的、阴天的)windy(有风的)snowy(多雪的)foggy(多雾的)(29)运动:basketball(篮球)footballsoccer(足球)volleyball(排球)baseball(网球)tennis(羽毛球)table tennis / ping-pong(乒乓球)(30)乐器:drum(鼓)piano(钢琴)violin(小提琴)guitar(吉他)二、构词记忆法1、合成法:由两个或者两个以上的词合成新词,这种构词法叫做合成法。例如:worldwide(全世界的)=world(世界)+ wide(广泛的),class
40、room(教室)downupstairs(在楼下/楼上)friendship(友谊) everywhere(各地/到处)homework(家庭作业)housework(家务) southeast(东南部)underground(地下的) homeland(故乡/祖国)hometown(家乡)countryside(乡村)playground(操场)toothbrush(牙刷) oversleep(睡过头) earthquake(地震)2、词缀记忆法:(1)前缀1)un-(不/非,表否定):able(能够的)unable(不能的)、(不舒服的)unusual(不同寻常的)unhealthy(不健
41、康的)unhappy(不快乐的)unfriendly(不友好的)2)dis-(不/非,表否定):advantage(优点)disadvantage(缺点)cover(覆盖)discover(发现)disagree(不同意)dislike(不喜欢)3)im-(不/非,表否定):(不礼貌的)(不可能)4)re-(又/再/重新):review(复习)return(归还)rewrite(重写)recycle(再循环;回收利用)5)inter-(相互/在一起):interview(面试)、international(国际的)、Internet(因特网)6)en-(使)(鼓励)、(危及;使遭受危险)(2)
42、后缀1)-or / -er(从事某职业的人):actor(演员)visitor(参观者)collector(搜集者)director(主任/主管)singer(歌手)teacher(老师)reader(读者)writer(作家)foreigner(外国人)learner(学习者)villager(村民)winner(胜利者)foreigner(外国人)owner(所有者/物主)特例:post(邮寄)poster(海报)draw(画画)drawer(抽屉)cook(煮)cook(厨师)cooker(厨具)2)-ist(人):science(科学)scientist(科学家)、artist(艺术家
43、)、tourist(旅行者)、terrorist(恐怖分子)pianist(钢琴家)violinist(小提琴家)3)-tion(表示动作/状态,名词后缀):invite(v.邀请)invitation pronounce(发音) pronunciation prediction(预言)competition(竞争)、invention(发明)instruction(指示/用法说明)attention(注意、专心)pollution(污染)organization(组织)4)-ment(表示动作/状态,名词后缀):develop(v.发展)development(n.发展)improvement(改善)argument(争论)statement(陈述;声明)requirement(要求)government(政府)5)-ture / -ure(名词后缀): picture(图画)temperature(温度)future(将来)structure(结构;构造)pressure(压力)pleasure(愉快)6)-th(名词后缀):true(真实的)truth(真相)breath(n.呼吸)birth(n.出生)7)-ful(充满,形容词后缀):(成功的)、(精彩的)(颜色
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