大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案(80页).doc

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1、-大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案-第 80 页大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案（二）六 As the pace of life continues to increase ,we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift,being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.

2、Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact ,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed推想，料想 to be .A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor pe

3、rformance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed

4、to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between fight or flight and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the sam

5、e response. It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives(it would be unwise to do so even if w

6、e could),we need to find ways to deal with it.1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because_.a.they do not know how to enjoy themselvesb.they do not believe that relaxation is important for healthc.they are travelling fast all the timed.they are becoming busier with their w

7、ork2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his _.a.not fearing stressb.knowing the art of relaxationc.high sense of responsibilityd.having control over performance3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?a.We can find some ways to avoid stressb.Stress is alway

8、s harmful to peoplec.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.d.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress4.In Paragraph 3, such a reaction refers back to_.a.making a choice between flight or fightb.reaction to stress both chemically and physicallyc.responding

9、 to crises quicklyd.losing heart at the signs difficulties5.In the last sentence of the passage,do so refers to _.a.expose ourselves to stressb.find ways to deal with stressc.remove stress from our livesd.established links between diseases and stress答案：dadbc七 In the 1960s, many young Americans were

10、dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. epual. Some of them decided to drop out of American society and form their own societies . They formed utopian communities , which they called communes, where they could follow their phil

11、osophy of do your own thing. A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called Drop City. Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Keseys Merry Pranksters, the followers f

12、o San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskins followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennesse

13、e, but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of do you own thing, however . Twin Oaks , a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who live

14、d at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinners conditioning techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an archology

15、 Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.1.Why did some young Americans decide to drop out of scoiety during the 1960s?a.They were not satisfied with American society.b.They wanted to grow marijuana.c.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.d.They did not

16、 want all people to be equal.2.Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?a.In dome-shaped houseb.In old school husesc.On a farm inTennesseed.In an archology in Arizona3.Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?a.Paolo Solerib.B.G.Skinnerc.Steve Gaskind.Buckminste

17、r Fuller4.What was the Twin Oaks commune base on ?a.The philosophy of do your own thingb.Virginaia in the late 1960sc.The ideas of psychologistd.The belief that people must live closely togerher.5.What is an archology?a.A person who studies archaeologyb.A large building where people live closely tog

18、etherc.A city in A rizonad.A technique to contorl people答案：abdcb八 There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin w

19、ith, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individualthe sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he

20、will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individuals intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth pr

21、ocesses were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been t

22、o college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Marks I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points

23、higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.1.This selection can best be titled_.a.Measuring Your Intelligenceb.Intelligence and Environmentc.The Case of

24、Peter and Markd.How the brain Influences Intelligence2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _.a.human brains differ considerablyb.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec.environment is crucial in determining a persons intelligenced. persons

25、 having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _.a.85b.100c.110d.1254.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _.a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelb.an individuals intelligence is d

26、etermined only by his enviromentc.lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenced.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain5.This passage suggests that an individual s I.Q._.a.can be predicted at birthb.stays the same throuthout his lifec.can be increased by educatio

27、nd.is determined by his childhood答案：bcbcc九 As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfumeBesides,shoppong at this time

28、 of the year was a most disgreeable experience :people trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. They are real silk, the

29、 assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. Worth double the price. But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quali

30、ty pipes on sale-and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were a

31、lready at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking. She informed her daughter.1.Ediths father _.a.did not like presentb.never got presentc.preferred tiesd.was difficult to choose a present for2.The assistant spoke to Edith be

32、cause she seemed_.a.attractiveb.interested in tiesc.tiredd.in need of comfort3.Edith stopped at the next counter_.a.puroselyb.suddenlyc.unwillinglyd.accidentally4.Ediths father smoked a pipe_.a.when he was obligedb.on social occasionsc.from time to timed.when he was delighted5.Shopping was very disa

33、greeable at that time of the year because_.a.coustomers trod on each others toesb.coustomers poked each other with their elbowsc.customers knocked each otherd.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry答案：dbdcdResearch by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on

34、 their local environment as a result of their activity as ecosystem engineers and predators（食肉动物）. The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct（显著的）effects on their local environment. Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building2 activity and by collec

35、ting food they affect the level of nutrients（营养物）in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers（腐生物,分解体）to species much higher up the food chain. Secondly, they prey(捕食) on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attack

36、ed by vast numbers of ant workers. Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the universitys Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said: Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. Theyre also very territorial3 and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against o

37、ther predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area. In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties(微妙) of it. What we found is that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and div

38、ersity of other animal groups4. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web, Sanders said. The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red a

39、nts, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores(食草动物) and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposit

40、e effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence. Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said: What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory i

41、mpacts have the bigger effect thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering. Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 (生物量) but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity6（生物多样性）is in

42、credibly high and these organisms are highly responsive（敏感的，易受影响的） to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem7Ants are important in below ground processes8 through the alteration of the

43、 physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organismsThe standardized educational or psychological tests, which are widely used to aid in selecting, assigning or promoting students, employees and military personnel, have been the target of r

44、ecent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. The target is wrong, for, in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningle

45、ss, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user. All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability and ap

46、propriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error. Standardized tests should be considered in this context: they

47、 provide a quick, objective method of getting some kind of information about what a person has learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the empirical evidence concerning comparative validit