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1、-四级翻译-第 5 页【四1】黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海,流经九个省份,最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域(river basin)是中国古代文明的诞生地,也是中国早期历史上最繁华的地区。然而,由于极具破坏力的洪水频发,黄河曾造成多次灾害。在过去几十年里,政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。【译文】The Yellow River ranks the third longest in Asia and the sixth longest in the world. The word “yellow” describe
2、s the muddy water of the river. The Yellow River,one of several rivers for China to live on,originates from Qinghai,flows through nine provinces, and finally pours into the Bohai Sea. The river basin is not only the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization,but also the most prosperous region in th
3、e early history of China. However,due to the frequent devastating floods, it has caused many disasters. In the past few decades,the government has taken various measures to prevent disasters.【四2】珠江是华南一大河系,流经广州市,是中国第三长的河流,仅次于长江和黄河。珠江三角洲(delta)是中国最发达的地区之一,面积约11,000平方公里。它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。珠江三角洲九个最大
4、城市共有5,700多万人口。上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来,珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。【译文】The Pearl River, the largest river in southern China, flows across Guangzhou City and is Chinas third long river, second only to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. The Pearl River Delta is one of the most developed regions in China,
5、covering an area of about 11,000 square kilometers. It is also the largest city gathering area in terms of the area and population. The nine largest cities in the Pearl River Delta have a population of more than 57 million. Since the reform and opening up in the late 1970s, the Pearl River Delta has
6、 become one of the major economic regions and manufacturing centers both in China and in the whole world.【解析】根据逗号句号原则可以把句子分成以下五个句子珠江是华南第一大河系,流经广州市,是中国第三长的河流,仅次于长江和黄河。The Pearl River, the largest river in southern China, flows across Guangzhou City and is Chinas third long river, second only to the Y
7、angtze River and the Yellow River.句法方面:这句话里面有四个动词:第一个“是”不翻,处理为同位语the largest river in southern China;第二个动词“流经”和第三个动词“是”用谓语动词处理,这两个谓语动词可以选用比较不容易出错的并列连词and连接;“次于”翻译为形容词短语翻译即可second to。词汇方面:“珠江”如果翻译不出,可以用音译法,译为the Zhujiang River;“流经”flows across, 如果写flows through不是很好,through一般表示三维立体的穿过,across表示平面的穿过,更贴
8、切。珠江三角洲(delta)是中国最发达的地区之一,面积约11,000平方公里。句法方面:前半句主系表结构很容易,这种“之一”的句式四级已经考过很多了,后半句可以用非谓语动词covering引出面积,也可以用介词短语with引出,with an area of about 11,000 square kilometers.词汇方面:平方公里square kilometers,大家不要用数学的符号;“约”不要漏译,也可以译为around, approximately, nearly等它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。句法方面:主句用个主系表结构翻译;“在面积和人口方面”是状语,用介词
9、短语 with regard to/ in terms of / when it comes to 或者用最简单的in,并放置到句尾即可。词汇方面:城市聚集区比较陌生,但是各个词不难,用直译法翻译即可city gathering area。珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5,700多万人口。The nine largest cities in the Pearl River Delta have a population of more than 57 million.句法方面:主谓宾的简单句,“珠江三角洲”作“九个最大城市”的定语,用介词短语后置翻译词汇方面:5,700万相当于57个百万,所以译为
10、57 million,million后不可以加“s”;此外,不要漏译“多”more than。此类数字的翻译在历年真题中出现多次。上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来,珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。句法方面:虽然句子较长,但是大家只找到一个动词“成为”,因此该句也用主系表结构翻译即可。句子长只是因为有较多的状语和定语。另外还需要注意的是主句谓语动词的时态,宜选用完成时态has become,搭配状语since the reform and opening up in the late 1970s,使用词汇方面:时间词,上世纪70年代末,译为in the late 1970s
11、;特色词,改革开放the reform and opening up;经济区域和制造中心,注意“经济”和“制造”的词性,不要用economy和manufacture。【四3】长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。长江流经多种不同的生态系统,是诸多濒危物种地栖息地,灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。长江流域(river basin)居住着中国三分之一的人口。长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大作用、长江三角洲(delta)产出多达20%的中国国民生产总值。几千年来,长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。【译文】The Yangtze River is the longest
12、river in Asia and the third longest in the world. As a habitat for many endangered species, it flows through diverse ecosystems and irrigates one-fifth of the land in China. One out of three people in China lives in the river basin of the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River plays an important role in t
13、he history, culture and economy of China.The Yangtze River Delta generates as much as 20% of the GNP of China. Over thousands of years, the Yangtze River has been used for water supply, transportation and industry. Besides, the worlds largest hydro-electric power station stands on the Yangtze River.
14、长江是the Yangtze River, 流域river basin和三角洲delta在原文已经给出。注意“国民生产总值”是GNP,GDP是“国内生产总值”。“濒危物种的栖息地”用介词短语来表达habitat for many endangered species。“灌溉”是irrigate,如果想不起来,可以用watering,water名词是水,动词是浇水。水电站是hydroelectric power plant,不会写也没有关系。就翻译角度而言,一两句不会写不影响大局,主要是句子的结构。如果你写出来的单词没有主谓宾,这才是扣分之处。下面解析两个复杂的句子:1. 长江流经多种不同的生态
15、系统,是诸多濒危物种的栖息地,灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。As a habitat for many endangered species, it flows through diverse ecosystems and irrigates one-fifth of the land in China.翻译的难点在于中国的句子可以两个逗号一个句号,但是英文的句子句意比较复杂,最好还是拆开一句一句的翻译。“长江流经多种不同的生态系统”作为主谓宾,“长江流经多种不同的生态系统”可以和“濒危物种的栖息地”联系起来一起翻译。先写同谓语As a habitat for many endangered sp
16、ecies。濒危物种不会写,可以写“保护动物”precious animals,或者直接写animals或者animals which are going to die(灭绝的动物)。ecosystems是生态系统,diverse是多样的,很多用various,lots of也可以。“五分之一的土地”是one-fifth of the land,有的同学可能不会写五分之一,那么1/5也可以。2. 几千年来,长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。Over thousands of years, the Yangtze River has been used for water supply, tr
17、ansportation and industry.几千年来,thousands of years前面加一个介词over。 这里是被动语态has been used,所以翻译过来非常简单。“被用于”可以用for来表达。for作为一个介词后面跟一个名词,供水的名词是water supply,有人可能不会写supply, 直接用water也可以。运输是transportation,最后一个“工业生产”用industry就可以。这句话考现在完成时和现在完成时的被动语态。注意“三分之一的人”不要写成 a third of the population,三分之一的人口就是三个人里面有一个one out of three people。 “发挥很大作用”就是play an important role是很大的作用。第二部分的生产用generate,多达as much as 20% of the GNP for China。“坐落”可以用 locate on或者stand on。第三篇文章中的黄河是Yellow River,不是Huang River。
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