初高中英语衔接导学案---句子成分(5页).doc

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1、-初高中英语衔接导学案-句子成分-第 5 页初高中英语衔接导学案句子成分【学习目标】学会划分成分句子（初级目标）； 能书写出正确无误的句子（高级目标）【重点难点】重点：谓语；难点：状语【使用说明】1.请同学们在上课之前，提前完成【预学】案。 2.请同学们在上课之前，准备好红笔。 【预学】【预学内容】划分以下句子成分：1. We always work hard at English。2.He said he didnt come.3.They love each other.4.What did you buy?5.She watched her daughter playing the pi

2、ano.6.Your job today is to help the old.7.Speaking doesnt mean doing.8.By the time I got to the station,the train had left.【导学】英语句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有 和 ；次要成分有 （二）在下列例句中，用红线标出该种句子成分 一、主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a

3、short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。一句话语法:谓语由 充当.有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词.谓语的构成如下：1、简单

4、谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：We study English2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You dont look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall.

5、 (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “Im poor,I cant buy a ring.(不定式)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)【重难点】常见的系动词有: be, (听起来)， (看起来)， (摸起来)， (闻起来)， (尝、吃起来)， (保持，仍是)， (感觉)It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom

6、looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.四、宾语（object）：1)动作的承受者 I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor.(形容词)I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Di

7、d you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词 Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3) 双宾语间宾( )和直宾( )He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.【一句话语法】:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.五、宾补（Objective complement）对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We ele

8、cted him monitor. (名词)We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. (名)We will make them happy. (形容词)We found nobody in. (副词)Please make yourself at home. (介词短语)Dont let him do that. (省to不定式)His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)Dont keep the lights burning. (现在分词)Ill hav

9、e my bike repaired. (过去分词)六、主补（Subjective complement）：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor.（名词）She was found singing in the next room.（现在分词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（不定式）七、定语(attribute)：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)He is our friend. (代词)We belong to the thir

10、d world. (数词)He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Cla2. (现在分词)The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)You shou

11、ld do everything that I do. (定语从句)八、状语(adverbial)：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步、伴随和比较。【要求】用红笔在下列句子中标出状语成分，并区分是哪种状语：I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He did

12、nt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.Iamtallerthanheis.九同位语(appositive)：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。We students sh

13、ould study hard.(students是we的同位语，都是学生)We all are students. (all是we的同位语，都指同样的我们）【固学】【当堂检测】指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in th

14、e morning. 【作业布置】(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 (4分，4分钟) The teacher with two of his students is walking into theclassroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 (10分，10分钟) I dont

15、like the picture on the wall. A. dontB. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. DoB. usually C. goD. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will beB. meeting C. the libr

16、ary D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. TomB. didntC. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. wantB. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. WeB. hadC. send D. doctor H

17、e is interested in music. A. isB. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. giveB. did C. whom D. book(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟） My brother hasnt done his homework.ABCD People all over the world speak English. AB CD You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ABCD How many new w

18、ords did you learn last class?ABC D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? A BC D The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.ABCD They made him monitor of the class.ABC D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. A BC D You will find it usefu

19、l after you leave school. A BCD They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.ABCD(四) 挑出下列句中的表语 (5分，5分钟) The old man was feeling very tired. ABCD Why is he worried about Jim? A B CD The leaves have turned yellow. ABCD Soon They all became interested in the subject.A B CD She was the first to learn

20、about it. A BC D(五) 挑出下列句中的定语 (6分，6分钟) They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B CD What is your given name?A BCD On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. A B CD I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. A BCD The man downstairs was trying to sleep. ABCD I am waiting for the sound of the

21、 other shoe! A BCD(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 (6分，6分钟) She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. A B C D He asked her to take the boy out of school. A B CD She found it difficult to do the work. A B CD They call me Lily sometimes. A BC D I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. A BCD Did y

22、ou see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? AB CD(七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分， 8分钟） There was a big smile on her face.A B CD Every night he heard the noise upstairs. AB CD He began to learn English when he was eleven. A B CD The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast. A BCD With the medicin

23、e box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. AB CD She loves the library because she loves books. A BC D I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. A B CD The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.ABCD(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 (5分，5分钟) Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?【学习反思】