现在完成时41364(5页).doc

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1、-现在完成时41364-第 5 页Simple past tense（一般过去时） 意义：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系(即动作或状态在现在已经结束),它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如yesterday, last month/week.动词过去式规则变化大全: 一、规则动词的改变：1 直接加ed: helped; learned, cooked2e结尾的情况: e结尾的动词, 直接加d: smile-smiled; hope-hoped. ie结尾动词,直接加d: died; tied. 3 一个元音+一个辅音结尾的情况: 双写最后一个辅音字母加ed. stopped;

2、 planned; 4 y结尾的情况: 元音+y结尾动词,直接加ed: played; enjoyed. 辅音+y结尾动词,y变i加ed: worried;studied. 二、不规则动词的改变：1把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如： beginbegan， drinkdrank， givegave， ringrang， singsang， sitsat， swimswam 2把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如： drivedrove，riderode，writewrote 3改动词原形中的aw ow为ew，变成过去式。如： drawdrew， growgrew， knowknew，

3、 throwthrew（动词show除外，showshowed） 4动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如： getgot，forgetforgot 5动词原形中的ee改为e，变成过去式。如： feedfed， meetmet 6动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如： keepkept，sleepslept，sweepswept 7动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如： breakbroke，speakspoke 8动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如： sellsold，telltold 9动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如： standstood，underst

4、andunderstood 10以ought和aught结尾，且读音是 :t的过去式。如： bringbrought，buy bought，thinkthought，catchcaught，teachtaught 11以ould结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式。如： cancould，shallshould，willwould 12把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。如： comecame，becomebecame 13在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如： hearhi heardh :d， sayseisaidsed，meanmi:nmeantment 14动词的过去式与动词原

5、形一样。如： letlet，mustmust，putput，readreadred 15不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如： am，iswas，arewere，buildbuilt，dodid，eatate，fallfell，feelfelt，findfound，flyflew，gowent，have has had，holdheld，leaveleft，makemade，maymight，runran，seesaw，taketookPresent perfect tense（现在完成时）意义：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强

6、调的是现在的情况.它可以与already、 yet 、ever、 never、 before、 since、 for、 in the past few months/years等词连用，这些词是现在完成时的标志。结构：肯定形式：sb+ have/has + done : e.g: I have made candles. She/He has made candles.否定形式：sb +have/has + not +done:e.g: I havent made candles. She/he hasnt made candles一般疑问句：Have/ Has+sb+done：e.g: Ha

7、ve you made candles? Has she/he made candles?一、AAA型（原形、过去式和过去分词同形）：cost cost cost cut cut cut let let let put put put read read read 二、ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）：bring brought brought build built built buy bought bought catch caught caught dig dug dug feel felt feltfind found found get got got have had had he

8、ar heard heard hold held held keep kept kept learn learnt learnt leave left left lend lent lent make made made meet met met pay paid paid say said said sell sold sold send sent sent shine shone shone sit sat sat sleep slept slept smell smelt smelt spend spent spentstand stood stood teach taught taug

9、ht tell told told think thought thought understand understood understood三、ABC型（原形、过去式和过去分词各异）：be was/were been begin began begun blow blew blown break broke brokendo did done draw drew drawndrink drank drunk drive drove driveneat ate eaten fall fell fallenfly flew flown forget forgot forgottengive g

10、ave given go went gone grow grew grown know knew knownlie lay lain ride rode riddenring rang rung see saw seenshow showed shown sing sang sungspeak spoke spoken swim swam swumtake took taken throw threw thrownwake woke woken wear wore wornwrite wrote written四、ABA型（原形与过去分词同形）：become became becomecome came come 五、AAB型（原形与过去式同形）：beat beat beaten（注：带号的词也可视为规则动词。）