专四之非谓语动词课件.ppt

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1、关于专四之非谓语动词现在学习的是第1页，共70页1.一般谓语都是由一个动词或动词一般谓语都是由一个动词或动词短语来充当短语来充当 She got here at six.2.有些谓语是由有些谓语是由“系动词系动词+表语表语”构成的构成的 The girl felt cold. He is a teacher.现在学习的是第2页，共70页3.有些谓语由有些谓语由“情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形”构成构成 Can you speak French? We must be careful.4.如果不及物动词作谓语，则不可以如果不及物动词作谓语，则不可以直接加宾语，但可以在不及物动词后直接加宾语，

2、但可以在不及物动词后加介词再跟宾语加介词再跟宾语 We depend on ourselves, not others.现在学习的是第3页，共70页英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多动词： v 加连词（and / but / so） v 放入从句 v 变为非谓语动词 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语 现在学习的是第4页，共70页主主谓谓宾宾定定状状补补The famous doctor give birth to a babyhelped the pregnant womanlast Friday.to现在学习的是第5页，共70页The pregnan

3、t womanto give birth to a babywas helped last Friday.定定状状补补主主现在学习的是第6页，共70页过去分词过去分词 v-ed不定式不定式 to + v动词的动词的v-ing非谓语动词非谓语动词现在学习的是第7页，共70页V-ing / V-ed使用条件使用条件一个句子一个句子当中，当中，已经存在一个主句（已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）谓语动词）,又没有连词又没有连词的情况下的情况下,还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off

4、 the bus, left her handbag on her seat.现在学习的是第8页，共70页非谓语动词功能主语宾语定语表语补语状语to-V V-ing V-ed 现在学习的是第9页，共70页See from the hill, we find the town beautiful.1. 2. When we see from the hill, we find the town beautiful. Seeing from the hill, we find the town beautiful.现在学习的是第10页，共70页千万要注意千万要注意V-ingV-ing形式的形式的规

5、则哟！规则哟！1. 1. 不能单独作谓语不能单独作谓语 2. 2. 没有人称和数的变没有人称和数的变化化 3. 3. 有时态和语态的变化有时态和语态的变化。现在学习的是第11页，共70页时时 态态 和和 语语 态态 语态语态 时态主主 动动被被 动动一般式 完成式 doing being done having done having been done现在学习的是第12页，共70页V-ing 的否定式的否定式在在 分词前加分词前加“not ” 语态语态 时态主主 动动被被 动动一般式 完成式 doing being done having done having been done(not)

6、(not)(not)(not)现在学习的是第13页，共70页V-ing 在句子中充当的成分在句子中充当的成分 Send e-mails is more and more popular. Its no use take this kind of medicine. The film is so moved . I couldnt help cry when I heard the bad news. I heard the girl sung in the classroom.Sendingtakingmovingcryingsinging主语主语表语表语宾语宾语宾补宾补现在学习的是第14页，

7、共70页mind、suggest、delay、keep on、 look forward to、enjoy、appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeed in、consider、cant help、miss ?+doing (V-ing 在这种结构中做宾语在这种结构中做宾语)现在学习的是第15页，共70页have、leave、keepsee、watch、hear 、find、 notice、feel, catch?+sb.+doing (V-ing 在这种结构中做宾补在这种结构中做宾补)现在学习的是第16页，共70页5. China is a devel

8、oping country. China is a country developing very fast.6. Hearing the cry for help, he rushed out. Being ill, he went home. Time permitting, I can do it better.定语定语状语状语=If time permits, I can do it better现在学习的是第17页，共70页 China is a large country which develops very quickly. 2. I have received your le

9、tter which says you will come to China next month. 3. I want to see some films that are very interesting. China is a large country developing very quickly.I have received your letter , saying you will come to China next month.I want to see some interesting films.现在学习的是第18页，共70页 4. When he was walkin

10、g in the street, he saw one of his old friend. 5. Because he was ill, he stayed at home. 6. After he finished the letter, he posted it. -(when)Walking in the street, he saw one of his old friend.-Being ill, he stayed at home.-Having finished the letter, he posted it.注意注意:-ing的完成形式只表示这个动作发生在主句动作之的完成形

11、式只表示这个动作发生在主句动作之前前.现在学习的是第19页，共70页V-ing 和和V-ed的区别的区别从时态和语态两个角度去区分从时态和语态两个角度去区分V-ingV-ed时态时态语态语态进行进行 过去过去主动主动被动被动V-ed的用法的用法现在学习的是第20页，共70页如：如： a developed country / a developing country a polluted river / a sleeping baby ( 1 ) 作定语作定语( 2 ) 作状语作状语_ from the hill, you can get the whole town._ from the h

12、ill, the whole town looks beautiful.SeeingSeen现在学习的是第21页，共70页1.Mr Brown wants to buy a used car.2. Whats the language spoken in Germany. 3. The pupils will get tired if they are made to learn too much4.I made myself understood easily. 5.We found the work completely done. 6. Heated, metals will expan

13、d.= If metals are heated, metals will expand. 7. Seen through a telescope, the sun appears dark near the edge. 现在学习的是第22页，共70页例外：不及物动词的例外：不及物动词的-ed分词没有被动含义，只表示完成分词没有被动含义，只表示完成的意思。的意思。例如：例如：The street was covered with fallen leaves.这条马路被落叶所覆盖这条马路被落叶所覆盖现在学习的是第23页，共70页 1._ from the hill, you can get th

14、e whole town.2._ from the hill, the whole town looks beautiful.SeeingSeen一一. 主语一致性的考察主语一致性的考察现在学习的是第24页，共70页 Waiting for a bus, _. A. a brick fell on my head B. A little girl came to talk with me. C. I was hit by a brick on the head D. I was hit by a brick on my headC现在学习的是第25页，共70页二二. 一般式与完成式的考察一般式

15、与完成式的考察29. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited28. “ We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, _ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked现在学习的是第26页，共70页三三. 主动与

16、被动的考察主动与被动的考察1. 你知道他们正在讨论你知道他们正在讨论 的话题吗的话题吗?Do you know the topic _ now? (discuss)2. 这个小男孩最后被看见在河边踢球。这个小男孩最后被看见在河边踢球。The missing boy was last seen _ near the river. (play)being discussedplaying现在学习的是第27页，共70页四四. 句子成分混淆句子成分混淆1. There are a lot of students are planting trees on the small hill.2. He la

17、y on the grass, and looking at the sky. planting looking3. The book belongs to Mary is lost.belonging现在学习的是第28页，共70页V-ing 和和V-ed 用法归纳用法归纳: V-ing作主语作主语(谓语动词用单数）谓语动词用单数）,v-ed不能作主语不能作主语 Using computers is very common in our daily life. 2.V-ing作表语作表语与与 ved 分词分词作表语作表语的区别的区别 The story is interesting. The

18、little girl is interested in the story. The news is disappointing.1.He was disappointed to hear the result.现在学习的是第29页，共70页When the boys were watching the excitingfilm, they were very excitedThe students are all moved by the moving story.When she saw the surprising result, she gave us a surprised loo

19、k.区别区别:v-ing作表语时作表语时表示某物具有的性质表示某物具有的性质,常翻译为常翻译为”令令人人”。v-ed做表语具有做表语具有被动的概念，一般表示某人被动的概念，一般表示某人对某事的感觉或者体验，解释为对某事的感觉或者体验，解释为“感到感到.”。现在学习的是第30页，共70页3.v-ing可作宾语，可作宾语，v-ed不能作宾语：不能作宾语：We missed seeing that film when it was at the local cinema.He often imagines flying.He dreams about being a doctor掌握只能跟掌握只能跟

20、v-ing 作宾语的动词及短语作宾语的动词及短语现在学习的是第31页，共70页4.v-ing 和和v-ed作宾补时的区别作宾补时的区别:They kept me waiting for a long time.He watched the cars coming and going.I saw him playing card.She heard her sister singing in her room.Mr Li has Jim standing outside the door.I had my MP3 repaired last week.We heard this song sun

21、g in English.No matter how I try, I just cant make myself understood by the foreigner.V-ing用作宾补时用作宾补时, 和句子中的宾语构成和句子中的宾语构成主动主动关系，关系，说明宾语说明宾语一直在做或正在做某事一直在做或正在做某事. V-ed用作宾补用作宾补时时, 和句子中的宾语构成和句子中的宾语构成被动关系被动关系，说明宾语的情况，说明宾语的情况现在学习的是第32页，共70页5.v-ing和和v-ed作定语时的区别作定语时的区别:a singing bird. a sleeping doga man ca

22、rrying a babya student playing with knifepeople fighting against wars a swimming pool a writing deska wounded monkey a broken chair boiled watera soldier wounded by knifea road covered with snow现在学习的是第33页，共70页6.v-ing和和v-ed作状语时的区别作状语时的区别:Being ill, I cant go to work.(原因原因)Seeing the house on fire, sh

23、e called 119(时间状语时间状语)He sat on a stone, reading a book(伴随伴随性状语性状语)Hearing the good news, we all jumped up with joy.(时间状语时间状语)The husband died, leaving his wife three daughters.(结果状语结果状语)Seen from the top of the mountain, the village is very beautiful. (时间时间状语状语)Cooked in a special way, the fish tas

24、tesVery nice.(原因状语原因状语)Given more time, we could finish the job(条件状语条件状语)The president entered the hall, followed by his guards.(伴随性状语伴随性状语)现在学习的是第34页，共70页不定式不定式(to do)的用法的用法:可作主语可作主语To lose your heart means failure. 不定式做主语时，一般用不定式做主语时，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。定式短语后置。 It is adj/n to do st

25、h It takes sb some time to do sthIt took me only five minutes to finish the job.It is very difficult for him to finish the paper in such a short time. 现在学习的是第35页，共70页1).如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。（表示结果）。(一致性一致性)To do two things at a time is to do neither 一次做两件事等于未做。一次做两件事等于未做

26、。 To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。（眼见为实）百闻不如一见。（眼见为实）2)be to do 结构表将来时结构表将来时:He is to marry Rose.可作表语可作表语现在学习的是第36页，共70页3)如果主语是以如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中等为中心的名词，或以心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语对主语起补充说明作用。语对主语起补充说明作用。His wish is to buy a car in t

27、he near future. 他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆轿车。他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆轿车。The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution.最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染What she wants to do most now is to travel abroad.现在学习的是第37页，共70页可作宾语可作宾语1)She refused to come here.后面用不定式作宾语即用后面用不定式作宾语即用v+ to do结构的常用动词有结构的常用动词有:aff

28、ord（负担得起）（负担得起）,agree（同意）（同意）,appear（似乎，显（似乎，显得）得）,expect（期望）（期望）fail（不能）（不能）,happen（碰巧）（碰巧）,hope（希望）（希望）,intend（想要，打算）（想要，打算）,learn（学习）（学习）,manage（设法）（设法）,plan（计划）（计划）,pretend（假装）（假装）promise（承（承诺，允许）诺，允许）,refuse（拒绝）（拒绝）,want（想要）（想要）wish（希（希望）望）现在学习的是第38页，共70页They begged to go with us. 他们恳求与我们同行。他们恳

29、求与我们同行。You neednt bother to come yourself. 不必劳驾你亲自过来。不必劳驾你亲自过来。现在学习的是第39页，共70页2)有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副（代）词，一起充当宾语。（代）词，一起充当宾语。what，when，where，which，how，whether等，但不可以是等，但不可以是why。They are considering what to do next.现在学习的是第40页，共70页Could you tell me whether to go for a picnic? 你能告

30、诉我是否会去野餐吗？你能告诉我是否会去野餐吗？My little sister is learning how to read and write. My mother showed me how to prepare meals. I wonder where to go. 我的小妹妹正在学习如何阅读和书写。我的小妹妹正在学习如何阅读和书写。母亲向我演示了如何做饭。母亲向我演示了如何做饭。我不知道去哪儿。我不知道去哪儿。现在学习的是第41页，共70页3)还可用还可用it代替不定式作形式宾语代替不定式作形式宾语Find it +adj +to do sthI found it impossib

31、le to answer all the questions within the time given.我发现在规定的时间内答完所有的问题是不可能的。我发现在规定的时间内答完所有的问题是不可能的。Some who were famous in their own times would find it difficult to achieve success today.一些过去著名的人物在今天也许就难以成功。一些过去著名的人物在今天也许就难以成功。现在学习的是第42页，共70页不定式可作宾语补足语不定式可作宾语补足语:My teacher asked me to go there on t

32、ime.We often hear her sing the song at home.动词不定式作宾语不足语时动词不定式作宾语不足语时to要省略的动词有要省略的动词有:1.感官感官动词动词 see, hear, notice, watch, observe, feel, listen to等等 ;2. 使役动词使役动词 have , make , let现在学习的是第43页，共70页1)不定式修饰的名词前有不定式修饰的名词前有only，last，next，not a，序数词序数词(first,second,.)或形容词最高级形容时，不定或形容词最高级形容时，不定式作后置定语式作后置定语,与其

33、所修饰的名词通常逻辑上是主谓关与其所修饰的名词通常逻辑上是主谓关系。系。He was the last one to leave school yesterday. 昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone. 查理林德伯格是第一个独自飞跃大西洋的人。查理林德伯格是第一个独自飞跃大西洋的人。不定式可作定语不定式可作定语:现在学习的是第44页，共70页2)不定式与所修饰的名词逻辑上构成动宾关系时，该不定式与所修饰的名词逻辑上构成动宾关系时，该不定式后面不能再带宾语

34、，如果不定式为不及物动不定式后面不能再带宾语，如果不定式为不及物动词，则需保留介词。词，则需保留介词。She has a lot of work to do in the morning. 早上他有很多工作要做。早上他有很多工作要做。I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支笔写字。（介词我需要一支笔写字。（介词withwith不能省略）不能省略）现在学习的是第45页，共70页3)不定式做定语时一般修饰将要去做的事。不定式做定语时一般修饰将要去做的事。I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had

35、time to catch the last bus. 我几乎没有时间去赶上末班车。我几乎没有时间去赶上末班车。Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要见那位你要见那位将将从北京请来的医生吗？从北京请来的医生吗？The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.现在学习的是第46页，共70页1)不定式可以用来做目的状语，相当于用不定式可以用来做目的状语，相当于用in order to，so as to引导的目的状语。引导的目的状语。Tim sat near the

36、 fire to get warm. “为何召开这次特别会议？为何召开这次特别会议？”“为了选举新的官员。为了选举新的官员。”蒂姆为了取暖坐在火炉旁边。蒂姆为了取暖坐在火炉旁边。“To elect the new officers (officials).”“Why was the special meeting called?”不定式可作状语不定式可作状语:现在学习的是第47页，共70页2)不定式可以用来做结果状语，常用不定式可以用来做结果状语，常用enough to，sufficient to，only to，never to，so + 形容词形容词/副词副词 + as to引导。引导。W

37、ould you be so kind as to step this way, please? 请您从这边走好吗？请您从这边走好吗？我要开门，却发现门被里面锁住了。我要开门，却发现门被里面锁住了。I tried the door, only to find it locked inside.He is brave enough to go out alone at night现在学习的是第48页，共70页3)不定式可作原因状语不定式可作原因状语,常放在常放在表示心理感觉的形容词表示心理感觉的形容词后后I am happy to see you.She was sad to hear the

38、bad news.现在学习的是第49页，共70页4)不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语。主语。In order to be a good scientist, one must understand mathematics. 要成为一个出色的科学家，必须懂数学。要成为一个出色的科学家，必须懂数学。To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.现在学习的是第50页，共70页v _ is not a serious disadvantage in life. ( 2001, 51)vA. To be not

39、tallB. Not to be tallvC. Being not tallD. Not being tallvD【详解】非谓语动词在句中作了主语。非谓语动词的否定式，要直接在非谓语动词前加not，因此可以直接排除A和C。动名词和不定式都可以作句子主语，但动名词表示一贯性动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。个子不高是一贯的事实，应用动名词形式，所以D正确。现在学习的是第51页，共70页vthere be 非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词的用法v(1)做宾语时取决于谓语动词的接续要求。如：vThe students expected there to be more reviewing classes

40、 before the final exams. (expect要求接不定式做宾语)v(2)做除for外的介词宾语，用there being。如：vHe would always ignore the fact of there being such a contradiction in his inner thought.现在学习的是第52页，共70页vAnn never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon.A. there being a chance B. there to be a chance C. there be a c

41、hance D. being a chancev介词后用动名词，表示存在时必须用there be句型，所以答案为A，这也是动名词复合结构，there为动名词的逻辑主语。现在学习的是第53页，共70页v I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late. vA. you to delay making vB. your delaying makingvC. you delaying to make vD. you delay to make vMind要求接动名词,动名词的逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词，答案自然是B。现在学习的是第54

42、页，共70页真题举例vWhats the chance of _ a general election this year? (05, 61)vA. there being B. there to bevC. there be D. there going to bevA现在学习的是第55页，共70页真题举例1.Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth, wheat _ by far the biggest cereal crop. (03, 51)vA. is B. been C. be D. beingvDv2. Time _,

43、the celebration will be held as scheduled.（03, 58）vA. permit B. permitting vC. permitted D. permitsvB现在学习的是第56页，共70页v3. There _ nothing for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.v(00, 55)vA. to be B. to have beenvC. being D. bevC现在学习的是第57页，共70页真题举例v1. _, he can now only watch i

44、t on TV at home.(98, 45）vA. Obtaining not a ticket for the matchvB. Not obtaining a ticket for the matchvC. Not having obtained a ticket for the matchvD. Not obtained a ticket for the matchvCv2. _ is not a serious disadvantage in life.(01, 61 )vA. To be not tall B. Not to be tallvC. Being not tall D

45、. Not being tallvD现在学习的是第58页，共70页真题举例vThe three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _ by the police each time.(99, 42)vA. had been captured vB. being always capturedvC. only to be capturedvD. unfortunately capturedvC现在学习的是第59页，共70页v(5)不定式做结果状语只能出现在句子的末尾，表示不愉

46、快的结果，有时用only加强语气。v常见的不定式动词有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。如：vGreatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.现在学习的是第60页，共70页真题举例vProfessor Johnson is said _ some significant advance in his research in the past year.(99, 43)vA. having made

47、B. makingvC. to have made D. to makevC现在学习的是第61页，共70页v4. 不定式做主语补足语：v掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用相应形式。如：vbe said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth.现在学习的是第62页，共70页v3. AIDS is said the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region. (

48、 02, 56)vA. being B. to be vC. to have been D. having beenvC现在学习的是第63页，共70页真题举例vIt is not uncommon for there problems of communication between the old and the young. (07, 63)vA. being B. would be C. be D. to bevD v【详解】there be句型在介词for后使用时，用there to be这一结构；在介词of后面使用时，用there being这一结构。故选择D。 现在学习的是第64页

49、，共70页非谓语动词的体v非谓语动词中v分词的体有完成体和进行体，即having done， having been done和being done，完成体只用于做状语的场合，而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。动名词的体也有having done， having been done和 being done的结构主要用于做主语和宾语的场合。不定式的体有to be doing 和to have done。 现在学习的是第65页，共70页v The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the manager of the company.vA. hav

50、e told B. be told vC. being told D. having toldvD Id rather read than watch television; the programs seem _all the time.v A. to get worse B. to be getting worse v C. to have got worse D. getting worsevB现在学习的是第66页，共70页v The speech _, a lively discussion started.vA. being delivered B. was delivered vC