英语语言学试题(9)(6页).doc

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1、-英语语言学试题(9)-第 6 页英语语言学试题（9）语言学试题及参考答案 I. Directions : Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%10=20%) 1. Linguistics is the scientific study of _. A. a particular language B

2、. the English language C. human languages in general D. the system of a particular language 2. The consonant f in English can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features: _. A. voiceless, bilabial, stop B. voiceless, labiodental, fricative C. voiced, bilabial, stop D. voiced, la

3、biodental, fricative 3. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix ed in the word learned is known as a(n) _. A. derivational morpheme B. free morpheme C. inflectional morpheme D. free form 4. In the phrase structure rule SNP VP, the arrow can be read as _. A. is equal to B. consis

4、ts of C. has D. generates 5. I bought some roses _ I bought some flowers. A. entails B. presupposes C. is inconsistent with D. is synonymous with 6. Ys utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of _. X: Who was that you were with last night? Y: Did you know that you were we

5、aring odd socks? A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. manner 7. Changes in a language are changes in the grammar of the speakers of the language. This means that phonemes, _, words and grammatical rules may be borrowed, added, lost or altered. A. phrases B. sentences C. morphemes D. utterances 8. I

6、n a speech community people have something in common _a language or a particular variety of language and rules for using it. A. socially B. linguistically C. culturally D. pragmatically9. Which of the major mental functions listed below is not under the control of the left hemisphere in most people?

7、 _. A. language and speech B. visual and spatial skills C. reading and writing D. analytic reasoning 10. In general, the _ stage begins roughly in the second half of the childs second year. A. babbling B. one-word C. two-word D. multiword . Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following stat

8、ements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%10=10%) 11. As the first step of their scientific investigation of language, linguists have to observe and collect linguistic

9、 f before they can do anything else. 12. Phonological rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called s rules. 13. An independent unit of meaning that can be used freely by itself is called a f_ morpheme. 14. A c sentence contains two clauses joined by a linking word,

10、 such as and, but, or. 15. The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentences is called s . 16. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the C principle proposed by J. Grice. 17. In addition to social changes, one of the

11、most pervasive sources of language change seems to be the continual process of cultural t across generations. 18. Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the s attitude connoted in the language that is sexist. 19. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each oth

12、er, we may regard thought as s speech, and speech as overt thought. In such a case, speaking and thinking take place simultaneously. 20. I is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA. . Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for tru

13、e or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false , you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%10=20%) 21. ( ) An important difference between traditional grammarians and modern linguists in their study of language is that the form

14、er tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the best authors for language usage. 22. ( ) In classifying the English consonants and vowels, the same criteria can be applied. 23. ( ) We can always tell by the words a compound contains what it means because

15、the meaning of a compound is always the sum of the meanings of its parts.24. ( ) Phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number of sentences and sentences with infinite length, due to their recursive properites. 25. ( ) The conceptualist view of meaning holds that there is no direct link bet

16、ween a symbol and reference, i.e. between language and thought. 26. ( ) Of the views concerning the study of semantics, the contextual view, which places the study of meaning in the context in which language is used, is often considered as the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense. 27

17、. ( ) In first language acquisition childrens grammar models exactly after the grammar of adult language. 28. ( ) The sentences He crazy and He be sick all the time are both acceptable in Black English vernacular because copula deletion and habitual be are two famous features of Black English. 29. (

18、 ) Speakers of different languages are capable of distinguishing and recognizing experiences of the same objective world according to their respective different linguistic coding system. 30. ( ) Instruction and correction are key factors in child language development. . Directions: Explain the follo

19、wing terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%10=30%) 31. synchronic linguistics 32. displacement 33. a minimal pair 34. derivational affixes 35. syntax 36. language transfer 37. hyponymy 38. sentence meaning 39. lingua franca 40. cerebral cortex . Answer the following questions. (10%2=

20、20%) 41. Explain sociological triggers for language change by giving a typical example in the history of English. 42. Explain briefly the four main individual learner factors that affect a learners acquisition of a second language.参考答案 一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 1、C 2、B 3、C 4、B 5、A 6、C 7、C 8、B 9、B

21、 10、C 二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）11、 facts 12、sequential 13、free 14、coordinate 15、semantics 16、Cooperative 17、transmission 18、social 19、subvocal 20、Interlanguage 三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 21、（T） 22、（F）As there is an essential difference between the consonants and the vowels, i.e. there is some kin

22、d of obstruction of air in the production of the former, but there is not in the production of the latter, it is impossible to use the same criteria in their classification. 23、（F）We cannot always tell by the words a compound contains what it means because the meaning of a compound is not always the

23、 sum of the meaning of its parts. 24、（T） 25、（F）The conceptualist view holds that there is no direct link between a symbol and its referent, i.e. between language and the real world; rather, in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of concepts in the mind. 26、（T） 27、（F）I

24、n first language acquisition childrens grammar never models exactly after the grammar of adult language, because children usually construct their personal grammars by themselves and generalize rules from the linguistic information they hear. 28、（T） 29、（T） 30、（F）Instruction and correction are not key

25、 factors in child language development. Linguists have found that for the vast majority of children, language development occurs spontaneously and requires little conscious instruction. Instruction and correction just play a minor role. 四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分） 31、Linguistics that studies langua

26、ge at one particular point of time, e.g. the study of the kind of English used during Shakespeares time. 32、One of the major defining features of human language. Human language is not restricted by the here and now as animal communication is; we can virtually talk about anything we want, including w

27、hat happened in the past, what is going to happen in the future, what is not existent in the immediate surroundings and even what we imagine. 33、A pair of sound combinations which are identical in every way except one sound, e.g. /pit/ and /bit/. 34、Affixes added to an existing form to create a new

28、word ,e.g. in-,-er 35、Syntax is a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language, and it consists of a set of rules that allow words to be combined with other words to form grammatical sentences. 36、Language transfer is a phenomenon that L2 learners subconsciously use their

29、L1 knowledge in their learning process. 37、Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more specific word and a more general, more inclusive word. The former is included in the latter. For example, a cat is a hyponym of animal.38、Sentence meaning refers to the intrinsic property of the sentence

30、itself in terms of a predication. It is abstract and decontextualized. For example, semantic analysis of the sentence meaning of The bag is heavy results in the one-place predication BAG (BEING HEAVY). 39、A lingua franca is a variety of language that serves as a medium of communication among groups

31、of people of diverse linguistic backgrounds. For this reason, a lingua franca must be an agree-upon common tongue used by people thrown into social contact for various purposes, such as for social or commercial purposes. 40、Cerebral cortex is the outside surface of the brain, the decision-making org

32、an of the body, receiving messages from all sensory organs and initiating all voluntary actions. Many of the cognitive abilities that distinguish humans from other mammals, such as sophisticated reasoning, linguistic skills, and musical ability, are believed to reside in the cortex. 五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小

33、题10分，共20分） 41、Sociological triggers for language change refer to such radical socio-political changes as wars, invasions, occupation, colonialization, and language planning and standardization policies. A typical example in the history of English is the Norman Conquest, a military event that marked

34、the dawning of the Middle English period. This means that Middle English began with the arrival of the Norman French invaders in English under William the Conqueror in 1066. And for about a century and a half after the Norman Conquest, French remained as the language of the ruling class, as far as l

35、iterature and administration were concerned. So Middle English was deeply influenced by Norman French in vocabulary and grammar. For example, such terms as army, court, defense, faith, prison and tax came from the language of the French rulers. 评分标准：满分10分，其中定义占3分，典型例子占5分，例词占2分。 42、 The four main ind

36、ividual learner factors that affect a learners L2 acquisition are: 1) age, 2) motivation, 3) acculturation, 4) personality. The optimal age for L2 acquisition is early teenage. Motivation refers to the learners overall goal or orientation. There are two types of motivation：instrumental motivation an

37、d integrative motivation. The former occurs when the learners goal is functional and the latter occurs when the learners goal is social. Acculturation is the process in which the learner adapts to the new culture of the L2 community. Personality is also related to L2 learning. Adult learners who are extroverted learn more quickly and therefore are more successful than introverted learners.