英语语法讲解与归纳(19页).doc
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1、-英语语法讲解与归纳-第 19 页be 的用法口诀我用am,你用are,is连着他,她,它;单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。变否定,更容易,be后not莫忘记。疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。时间名词前所用介词的速记歌年月周前要用in,日子前面却不行。 遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in。 要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行。 午夜黄昏须用at,黎明用它也不错。 at也用在明分前,说“差”可要用上to, 说“过”只可使用past,多说多练牢牢记。1、近义词look for - find look -see near-beside big-large much
2、-many some-any and-with study-lear2.反义词open-close big-small long-short tall-short go-come 3、同音词I-eye their-there four-for buy-bye-by 小学英语语法讲解与归纳一现在进行时一意义当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。 二构成:be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式。肯定句: 主语 +be + 现在分词V-ing (+ 其他)Im doing my homework now .否定句:主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他.Im not doi
3、ng my homework now.一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词-ing +其他?Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , Im not .特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他?What are you doing now ?三. 现在分词的构成: (1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing, (2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加ing, 如 skate skating make makingdance dancingwrite writinghave havingride ridingcome coming (3
4、)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing, 如: putting runningbeginningstopping swimmingjoggingsittinggettingforgettingletting四.时间标志now,句前的look ,listen二、一般现在时一. 意义:表示经常发生的事情,动作或存在的状态二. 构成及变化动词的变化。肯定句: 主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般
5、疑问句:Be +主语+其它?如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?2. 行为动词的变化。当主语为第一,二人称及复数时,助动词为do肯定句:主语+动词原形(+其它)。如:We often play basketball after school.否定句:主语+ dont+动词原形(+其它)。如:we dont play basketball after school.一般疑问句:Do +主语+动词原形+其它?如: Do you often play basketball
6、after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we dont.特殊疑问句:疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句?如: What do you often do after school ?当主语为第三人称单数时 ,助动词为does肯定句:主语+动词第三人称单数(+其它)。如: He swims well.否定句:主语+ doesnt+动词原形(+其它)。如:He doesnt swim well. wel好, 满意地一般疑问句:Does +主语+动词原形+其它?如:Does he swim well ?Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. 特殊疑问句:疑
7、问词+以does开头的一般疑问句?如: How does your father go to work?三第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中,动词才用三单式)(1)多数动词直接加s:runsgetslikescolletstakesplaysclimbs(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母, 结尾加es :watchesteachesgoes doeswashes crossesbrushes(3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将y改为i加es: studystudies flyflies carrycarriescrycries但在y前如果为元音则直接加s:
8、buyssays 四时间标志:always , usually , often , sometimes ,everyday三、一般将来时一.意义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如:tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 二. 构成及变化一般将来时常用的两种结构be going to+动词原形 : 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。shallwill wil +动词原形 : 表
9、示将要发生的动作或情况,没有太多的计划性, 还用来表示意愿。1. be going to +动词原形:主语+ be(am ,is,are) going to +动词原形+其它成份。My sister is going to learn English next year. 我姐姐准备明年学英语。2.否定句:主语+be(am,is,are)notgoing to +动词原形+其它成份I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看电影。3.一般疑问句:Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份?Is
10、 your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isnt.你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?不,他不。4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句 ?Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春节你打算在哪过?5.注意: be going to 结构后面习惯上不跟 go ,come 等表位移的动词,一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如: Hes going to New York next week.下周他要去纽约.2. will /shalll, l +动词原形 (在书面语中,主语是第一人
11、称时,常用shall ,在口语中,所有人称都可以用will)1.肯定句:主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份I (shall) write to him next week. 下周我将给他写信。主语 + will /shall+ not + 动词原形 +其它成份They wont watch TV this evening.今天晚上他们不看电视。3.一般疑问句 will/shall+主语 +动词原形+其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ? 明天你和我们呆在家里好吗?4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(Wh-) +一般疑问句When will
12、your father be back? 你爸爸什么时侯回来?附 :Shall I /we 常用来征求对方意见,而问对方是否愿意,或者表示客气的邀请,常用Will you?他们的回答比较灵活。1Shall we go to the park ?肯定Sure , lets go .否定 No , lets go to the cinema.2.Will you please come to my birthday party next week ?下周你请到我的生日聚会来?肯定Yes, I will. / Sure .否定 Im sorry. Im afraid I cant.一般过去时一意义:
13、表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态. 常与一般过去时态连用的时间有:yesterdayyesterday morning yesterdayafternoonyesterdayeveninglast night (last week, last month, last year),a moment ago , a week ago, three years agojust now二构成及变化1. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt)are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent)带有was或were的句子,其
14、否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。肯定句:主语 + 动词的过去式其他 .I watched a film last Sunday .我上周观看了一场电影。否定句:主语+ didnt + 动词原形其他. I didnt watch a film last Sunday .一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ?Did you watch a film last Sunday ? 你上周观看了一场电影吗?Yes, I did . No , I didnt .特殊疑问句:疑问词+ 以did 开头的一般疑问句
15、 ?What did you do last Sunday?6.28 时态与时间状语一般现在时:every , sometimes,at , on Sunday,一般过去时:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now一般将来时:next, tomorrow, in+时间,过去进行时this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while将来进行时soon, tomorrow
16、, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening小学英语5A句型转换专项练习:一般疑问句陈述句改一般疑问句方法:把be动词(am is are)和情态动词(can, may, must.) 提前,放到句首,其它照写。遇I/weyou, myyour. Someany. 句号问号(?)例如:陈述句:They are in the park.He can play the guitar. 一般疑问句:Are they in the park? Can he play the guitar
17、? 练习:把下列句子变成一般疑问句1. I am listening to music.2.Mike is a student.3.Mary can clean the classroom.4. They are in the zoo.5. There are some flowers in the vase.6. This is my sister.7. We are sweeping the floor. 借助助动词do/does.第三人称单数用does,其余人称用do,放到句首,其他照写。特别记住:前面用does,后面的动词一定还原成原形。遇I/weyou,myyour. Someany
18、. 句号问号(?)例如:陈述句:I like the ducks. He likes the dogs.一般疑问句:Do you like the ducks? Does he like the dogs?练习:把下列句子改为一般疑问句。1.We need some masks. m:sk面具, 面罩2.They like making the puppet./ppit木偶, 玩偶3.Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house.4.I put a book on my head.5.They sing “In the classroom” together.6
19、.We play basketball on Sundays.7.Tom likes listening to music.8.I have a telescope./teliskup望远镜9.Mike has (have 的第三人称单数现在式)a pot pt罐, 锅, 壶10.She has some blankets /blkit毛毯.hadhdhave 的过去式和过去分词英语5A句型转换练习:否定句陈述句改否定句方法:在be动词(am/is/are)和情态动词(can, may, must.)后面加not,其它照写。some变成any. 例如:陈述句: They are in the
20、park.He can play the guitar. 否定句: They are not in the park. He can not play the guitar. 或: They arent in the park. He cant play the guitar.is not=isnt,are not=arent,can not=cant ,am not 不能缩写 练习:把下列句子变成否定句1.I am listening to music.2.Mike is a student.3.Kate can clean the classroom.4.They are in the z
21、oo.5.There are some flowers in the vase. v:z花瓶6.This is my sister.7.We are sweeping /swi:pi扫除的the floor. 借助动词dont/doesnt,第三人称单数用doesnt,其余人称用dont,放到人称后面,动词前面其他照写。特别记住:前面用doesnt, 后面的动词一定还原成原形。some变成any. 例如:陈述句: I like the ducks.He likes the dogs.否定句:I dont like the ducks. He doesnt like the dogs.练习:把下
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