2022年初三英语.docx

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1、_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载训练学科老师辅导教案学员编号：年级：课 时 数： 3 学员姓名： YYY辅导科目：英语学科老师： XX 课题动词分类及词形变化讲解；动词用法辨析1.把握动词的基本类型,各类动词特点教学目的 2.把握动词变化形式,明白语法构成3.具备中考涉及动词用法辨析才能授课日期 年 月 日教学内容Step 1 动词分类及词形变化讲解1、动词的分类：类 别意义例句含有实在的意义, 表示动作或状态,She has some bananas. 她吃些香蕉；实义动词在句子中能独立作谓语；They eat a lot of potatoes.

2、 他们常 吃土豆；I m reading an English book now. 我现在正 看一本英文书；本身有肯定的词义,但不能独立作 谓语,必需和表语一起构成谓语；His father is a teacher.他父亲 是 老师；Twins usually look the same. 连系动词双胞胎通常 看起来 一样；老师变得很生The teacher became very angry.气；本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,He doesnt speak English. 他不说英语；只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动We are playing basketball. 我们在打篮球；助动词词

3、,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、Do you have a brother. 你有兄弟吗？语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化；本身有肯定的意义,不能独立作谓 语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语You can keep the books for two weeks. 这些书你 可以 借两个星期；情态动词动词,表示说话人的语气和情态；May I smoke here. 我可以 在这儿抽烟吗？重要注解：情态动词没有人称和单复数的变 We must go now. 我们现在 得走了；化,有些情态动词有过去式；（ 1）关于实义动词： 英语的 实义动词 又可分为 及物动词 和不及物动词 两

4、大类：后面必需跟宾语意义才完整的叫及物动词；本身意义完整,后面不需跟宾语的叫不及物动词； 有些动词通常只作不及物动词；如：go,come,happen,lie,listen,rise,arrive,hall等；_精品资料_ 有些动词通常用作及物动词；如：say, raise, lay, find, buy等；第 1 页,共 15 页 大多数动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词；如：study, sing等； 有些动词作及物动词与作不及物动词时的意义有所不同；如：know, wash等；- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载 有些动词常

5、和介词、副词或其它词类一起构成固定词组,形成短语动词；如： listen,reply,wait,look. （ 2）关于连系动词：连系动词用来连接主语和表语,连系动词后面常为形容词；常见的连系动词有：be、become、look、feel、sound、smell、taste、seem、turn、grow、get、go、fall、sit、stand、lie 等；有些连系动词来源于实义动词,意思也跟着变化：look（看看起来） 、 feel（感觉、摸感到） 、smell（闻、嗅闻起来） 、taste（尝尝起来） 、 turn（翻转、转动变得） 、grow（生长变得） 、get（得到、到达变得） 、

6、go（去变得） ,所不同的是,作为实义动词时,后面不能跟形容词；注释 become、get、go、be、grow、turn 的用法区分 ：become 表示“ 变成”,比较正式,通常不用将来时表示动作已经完成； get 也表示动作已经完成,但是更加口语化,通常表示温度、时间、岁数等变化；go 表示“ 变得”,常见于某些短语中,后面常有形容词 bad、blind、hungry 等； be 表示“ 是、成为、当”,多用于将来时、祈使句或不定式中；grow 表示“ 变得”,常指逐步的变化,表示身高、岁数的增长；turn 表示“ 变得” ,指变为与原先不同的情形,通常指颜色等变化；如：I was ca

7、ught in the rain and I became ill./ He has got rich./ He will be a scientist in the future./ My little brother has grown much taller in the past year./ The sandwich has gone bad./ Her face turned red after her mother criticized（批判）her. （ 3）关于助动词 ：常见的 助动词 有：用于进行时和被动语态的 be（am, is, are ,was, were, been

8、, being） ；用于完成时的 have（has, had, having）；用于将来时的 shall（should）；will（would）和用于一般时的 do（does, did） .助动词 必需同主语的人称和数一样,也就是说因主语人称、数的不同而采纳不同的形式,其中有些助动词也可作情态动词；如：shall, will, should, would.（ 4）关于情态动词：常见的 情态动词 有： can （could） ,may （might）, must ,shall （should）, will （would）, dare （dared） , need等,另外, have to、had

9、 better 也当作情态动词使用；情态动词后面必需加动词的原形；can 表示体力、脑力方面的才能或客观的可能性；口语中,在询问或说明一件事可不行以做时,常用“can”代替“may” ；情态动词“can” 的过去式是“could” ,否定式是“cannot” 通常缩写成“cant” ,“ could” 的否定式是“ could not” ,通常缩写成“couldnt” ；如： Can I help you./ He can swim./ That cant be Mr Li . may 表示答应、恳求或可能性,用 may 提问时,确定回答一般用 Certainly 或 Yes, you may

10、；否定回答一般用cant或 mustn. 如： May I ask you a question.Certainly. / You may go now. / It may be in your pocket. must表示“ 必需” 、“ 肯定”的意思； 表示“ 必需”时否定形式是 mustnt；表示“ 肯定”时,否定形式是 “ cant”如： We must be very careful when we cross the road/ It must be Jack ./ I haven t seen Kate today.She cant be here. 留意 用 must（必需）进

11、行提问时,确定回答用 must,否定回答用 needn；用 must（肯定）进行提问时,确定回答仍用 must,但是否定回答用 cant.如：Must we clean the room before we leave. Yes,you must.或 No, you neednt. / Must she be in the romm. Yes,she must.或 No,she cant. “have to” 表示“ 不得不”、“ 必需” ；Well have to leave now for it is very late at night. have to 的疑问形式是：助动词 have

12、to,否定形式是：助动词nothave to或者用 needn.如：Do you have to stay until 8 oclock. / You don do so.（=You needndo so.） shall 在问句中,可表示征求对方看法,与第一人称连用；在陈述句的其次、三人称的主语后或表示“ 命令”、“ 警告” 、“ 答应” 等；如：Shall we go to the zoo this weekend./ He shall bring his own book next time should 可表示“ 劝说”、“ 建议” 、“ 诧异” 等意思；We should speak

13、to old people politely will 表示“ 意愿” 、“ 决心”等意思, 一般与其次人称连用；如：Will you please close the door for me./ I will teach you a lesson. would 表示过去的“ 意愿”、“ 决心” 等；He would sit near the fire every time he returned home. would 也可以表示现在的情形,表达说话人向对方提出的要求,语气比“will” 动听、客气；在日常会话中,“ 我想要 ”通常用 “ I would like to” 或“ I shou

14、ld（I d） like to” 来表示； 如：Would you like to have a rest at the moment. _精品资料_ 第 2 页,共 15 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载would 仍可以表示过去常常发生的事情；如：save his people.Every year parents would tell their children about the boy who would need表示“ 需要”,用于疑问句或否定句；“ need” 作实义动词时,在确定、否定、疑问句中都可以用；

15、如：He needn do it in such a hurry.（他不需要如此匆忙地做这件事）/ He needs some help.（他需要一些帮忙）/ He doesnt need to bring his football socks then.（那么他就无须带上足球袜了） dare 是“ 敢” 的意思,用法几乎与“need” 完全相同,即在疑问句和否定句中,可以作情态动词,后面用不带“ to” 的动词不定式； 在确定句中和实义动词一样,后面的动词不定式要带“ to” ；How dare you say I am a fool. / He didn t dare to touch t

16、he red button. d better（do）（“ 最好是” ）一般也当作情态动词使用,否定式是： d better not （do）. 如：Youd better sit here and say nothing./ Youd better not speak because he is sleeping. 2、动词词形变化一览表：（ 1）规章动词变化表：原形动词结尾情形 现在时单三人称 现 在 分 词 过去式和过去分词一般情形s ing ed 规 s,x,ch,sh,o结尾es ing ed 就 辅音字母 y 结尾 yi,es ing yi,ed 变 重读闭音节一元一辅s 双写辅音

17、字母 , ing 双写辅音字母 ,ed化 结尾不发音的 e 结尾s 去掉 e,ingd ie 结尾s iey,ing d （见不规章动词变不规章变化 havehas；beis （无）化表）留意：在加 ing 或 ed 时动词假如以“r” 结尾 ,尾音节又重读的动词 ,“ r” 应双写；s/es的读音规章：在清辅音后读 s；在浊辅音后和元音后读 z；在 s 、 F 、z、tF、dV后读 iz. ed 的读音规章：在清辅音后读 t；在浊辅音后和元音后读 d；在 t、d后读 id. （ 2）不规章动词变化表： （ 原形 过去式 过去分词）be（am,is）was been lose lost los

18、t be（are）were been make made made beat beat beaten may might become became become mean meant meant begin began begun meet met met blow blew blown mistake mistook mistaken break broke broken must must bring brought brought pay paid paid build built built put put put buy bought bought read read Read c

19、an could ride rode ridden catch caught caught ring rang rung choose chose chosen rise rose risen come came come run ran run cost cost cost say said said _精品资料_ 第 3 页,共 15 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载cut cut cut see saw seen dig dug dug sell sold sold do did done send sent sen

20、t draw drew drawn set set set drink drank drunk shall should drive drove driven shine shone shone eat ate eaten show showed shown fall fell fallen shut shut shut feel felt felt sing sang sung find found found sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken fly flew flown sit set set forget forgot forgot/forgotten sleep

21、slept slept freeze froze frozen smell smelt smelt get got got speak spoke spoken give gave given spend spent spent go went gone spill spilt spilt grow grew grown spoil spoilt spoilt hang hung/hanged hung/hanged stand stood stood have（has）had had sweep swept swept hear heard heard swim swam swum hide

22、 hid hidden take took taken hit hit hit teach taught taught hold held held tell told told hurt hurt hurt think thought thought keep kept kept throw threw thrown know knew known understand understood understood lay laid laid wake woke/waked woken/waked learn learnt/learned learnt/learned wear wore wo

23、rn leave left left will would lend lent lent win won won let let let write wrote witten lie lay lain 3、be 动词的各种时态变化_精品资料_ 一 般 现 在 时 .一 般 将 来 时现 在 完 成 时 .第 4 页,共 15 页I am .（I 等各人称）will be .I have been .You are.I am You have been .He/She/It is .He/She/It is going to beShe/he/It has been .We/You/They a

24、reWe/You/They have beenWe/You/They are 一 般 过 去 时过 去 将 来 时过 去 完 成 时- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - nI was .优秀学习资料欢迎下载（I 等各人称）would be .I had been .You were. I was You had been .He/She/It was .He/She/It was going to be She/he/It had been .We/You/They were .We/You/They were We/You/They had been

25、 .留意： 句型变化时,否定句在am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 后面加 not,而且 not 都可以缩写为t （am 后面 not 不行以缩写） ；疑问句将 am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首；4、其它谓语动词（主动语态）的时态变化现在一 般 现 在 时现 在 进 行 时一 般 将 来 时现 在 完 成 时时态谓语动动词用原形（单三am will 动词原形have 过去分词加 s / es）is 动 词am has（问句和否定句-ing is

26、going to动词词构成借 用 助 词do / are原形过去does）are过 去 完 成 时一 般 过 去 时过 去 进 行 时过 去 将 来 时时态谓语动动词用过去式was would 动词原形had 过去分词（问句和否定句 动词was 词构成借用助词 did）-ing going to动词原形werewere练一练1. Mr Zhang asked me _ the words again. A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 2. You _ play on the road. Its dangerous. A. mustnt B. may

27、 C. can D. must 3. Mr Brown _ in Beijing since 1993. A. work B. works C. worked D. has worked 4. I _ a letter when my mother came in. A. write B. am writing C. was writing D. will write 5. Its not an important party, you neednt _ . _精品资料_ A. pay for it B. wear it out C. try it out D. dress up for it

28、 第 5 页,共 15 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载6. Can I _ a bike from him. A. lend B. return C. give D. borrow 7. - Must I stay at home.- No, you _ . A. mustnt B. neednt C. may not D. can not 8. - How long have you _ here. - About two months. A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived 9. St

29、amps _ by people for sending letters. A. use B. using C. used D. are used 10. The radio says Tianjin will be _ tomorrow. A. rains B. rain C. rained D. rainy 11. If you dont know this word, _ in the dictionary. A. look for it B. look at it C. look after it D. look it up 12. My father told me _ play o

30、n the street. A. not B. to not C. not to D. did not 13. There is going to _ an English party this evening. A. be B. has C. have D. is 14. There _ no bus stop here last year. A. is B. was C. are D. were 15. Our school will hold a sports meeting if it _ tomorrow. A. isnt rain B. rains C. wont rain D.

31、doesnt rain Keys：1 【答案】C. 【析】ask somebody to do something 要求某人作某事；所以写信这个动作应用过去2 【答案】A. 【析】must 用于否定句表示禁止做某事；3 【答案】D. 【析】句中有 since 引导的时间状语,因此句中要用完成时态；4 【答案】C.【析】当母亲进来时是一个瞬时的动作,而写信是一个长动作,进行时态,表示在写信过程中发生的另一个短动作；5 【答案】D. 【析】pay for- 为某物,某人付款,wear out-穿坏,磨破, tryout- 选拔,选择,而dress up-梳妆装扮；_精品资料_ - - - - -

32、- -第 6 页,共 15 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 6 【答案】D.【析】优秀学习资料欢迎下载to；borrow something from 为向某人某处借某物；而 lend, return, give 后面的介词应用7 【答案】B.【析】neednt 为“ 没有必要必需做某事”,而 mustnt 为“ 禁止做”,can not 为“ 不能做”；依据题意是：你不肯定待在家里；8 【答案】A.【析】have been here 是个状态,可以与后面的长时间状语连接,而其他三个动词都是瞬时动词；9 【答案】D.【析】这里是被动语态,意为邮票被人们用来发信；10 【

33、答案】D.【析】rainy 为形容词作表语；11 【答案】D.【析】look up 查字典,与look 有关的词组有：look about 四周环视 look after 照料 look around 四周,四处看 look at 看 look back 回忆 look for 查找 look forward to 期望 look out 当心 look like 看上去像12 【答案】C.【析】不定式的否定式是not to do something. 13 【答案】A.【析】这里是 there be 无生命的 “ 有”加助动词的句型, 即 there will be, 而没有 there h

34、ave 的句型；14 【答案】B.【析】last year 为去年, 所以用过去时； 而 there be 句型的单复数要看be 动词之后离之最近的名词是单数仍是复数；如：There is a pen and two pencils on the desk. 15 【答案】D.【析】在状语从句中应用一般时态来表示将来；Step 2 中考动词用法辨析一、语法详解（1）“ Why not动词原形 ？”（干嘛不 .）是简略句,完全形式是：Why dont you 动词原形 ？如：Why not go and have a look. / Why not try it once again.（2）se

35、em（好象） 的用法： 记住几个结构： sb./sth. seem （to be）形容词 ； sb./sth. seem like ； sb/sth seem to （do）； It seems that 从句；如： He seemed （to be） very happy when he was called by the headmaster. / It seems that nobody else could do such a foolish thing except Jim（3）be afraid（可怕）的用法：记住几个结构：be afraid of sth; be afraid o

36、f （doing）; be afraid to （do）; _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 15 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 优秀学习资料 欢迎下载be afraid that从句；如：She is a little afraid of snakes.（她有点怕蛇） / Don be so afraid to stay at home alone at night.（别可怕晚上一个人在家）/ I m afraid that somebody will take his place because of his serious mistakes

37、 .（恐怕有人要取代他了,由于他犯了那么大的错误）（4）be sorry（愧疚） 的用法： 记住几个结构： be sorry for （sth）; be sorry for （doing sth）; be sorry to （do）; be sorry that从句；如： I am very sorry for keeping you waiting so long./ I am sorry to trouble you. / I am sorry （that） he isn t here at the moment（5）be sure （确信）的用法：记住几个结构：be sure of （s

38、th）; be sure to（do）; be sure that从句；如：She told me many times that she was sure to come./ Are you sure of your answer.Maybe its wrong./ I am sure that Dad will help me with the job. （6）make 与 do 的用法： 一般情形下表示进行活动或者做工作用do,表示制造建构某事物用make. 如：I don t know what to do. / Im not going to do any work. / My fa

39、ther and I once made a boat. 此外仍要记住一些固定说法：do good / harm / business / ones best / a favour make a decision / an effort / a mistake / a noise / a phone call / money / war / the bed / sure,. （7）put on、wear、have on、be in、try on、dress的用法： put on强调“ 穿、戴” 这个动作过程,wear 就表示“ 穿着、戴着” 这一状态,have衣物 on 主要表示状态,be i

40、n（颜色 /衣物）也是表示一个状况,dress（人）表示“ 给 人穿衣” ；如：Please put on your new shoes. / The twins are wearing the same clothes. / Today she has an overcoat on./ Do you know the woman who is in black./ Dad is dressing Tom now留意 dress与 wear 或 put on 的区分：wear 或 put on 常用衣物作宾语,而dress常用作宾语；表示给自己穿衣常常用“get dressed” 或“dres

41、s oneself”表达；be dressed in与 wear 基本同义； dress up意为“ 穿上盛装、 乔装装扮” ；如：Could you dress the baby for me. / He is eight but can dress himself. / She was dressed in a red coat. / Do I have to dress up to go to Jims party.（8）like、love与 enjoy 的用法：三个词都含有“ 喜爱” 的意思,但是,like 和 enjoy 后面跟动名词,love 后面一般跟动词不定式；like 后面有

42、时跟动词不定式,表示一种习惯或嗜好（往往与详细的时间或地点有关）；enjoy 后面仍可以加名词、 反身代词, 表示“ 享受 乐趣；玩得高兴” ；如：Do you like shopping./ He likes to have a swim when he gets home every afternoon. / They love to sing foreign songs. / Did you enjoy yourself at the party./ He enjoys living in China. （9）study、learn 的用法：study主要表示“ 学习、讨论”,指过程；而 learn 主要表示“ 学会”,指结果；表示“ 学”时可以互换；如：How many subjects do you study. / Have you learned it yet. / How long have you studied/learned English.learn 仍可以表示“ 听说”,如： He learned the musician himself was in town. （10）think、want、would like 的用法：三个词都含有“ 想” 的意思,但 think 指“ 摸索、考虑”,want 指“ 想要、愿望、妄想” ,