2022年人教版物理八年级上册知识点总结4.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - exchange ex perience i 10, devel op emerge i n safety, commend a dvanced teams a ncy plans a nd drills are reg ularly organd i nized. ndivi dual s; Group lea 8, the establi shment ders safety duties 1 aof the workshop safety management network, reg nd carry out busi ness and

2、 workshop on safety instructions aular checki ai ng, arra nd rea ngement of se curity work , workshop and team security officer role i quirement s, the teams overall responsibility for the safety and personal nto full play safety and 9, issue d strict enfor health of workers; 2 orcement organize aof

3、 labor protecti nd participate in seon articles, he curity activitie alth sta ndards, and do a good job post workers la bor protecti on wea ie s, adhere to safety, before class t o check security, after summing a r, guara up the senteed post w curity system; orkers safety and 3, responsible for heal

4、th; 10, develop emergency pla new w orkers (incl udi ng internshins and drill s are regularly organize ps, a ccompanyi ng staff) job safety, ed. Assistant Superinte ducati on and tndent of se he right to ste curity responsi op wit hout the thirbilities 1, Direct or of the work shop on the safety of

5、the unit d-level e ducation and safety assessment of qualified wnit ork responsi ble, De ers operate i ndeputy Dire ctor i n charge of business-wide security work; 2, seriously carry out the party and the pende ntly; 4, found a cci dents signs and accide nts take effective measures t o preve nt the

6、sitcountrys w uation from expaork safety laws, regulati ndi ng and reporting; ons, standards, and research on safety technol shall immediately re port the accide nt and organi ogy, exemplary i i zed rescue i n the impl ementation of operationa , prote ct the scene, make detailena l procedures and Sa

7、fety Manager. d records, partici pate in a cci dent i nvestigations, organize workers to analyze the cause of the acci dent, the impleme e ntation of preventive measures; 5, engagi ng in obvious danger or serious violations of the employee shall be entitle d to stop t he operation of the procedures

8、and arrangements post operator, report to the leadership; 6 so as to improve safety and fire fighting facilities, equipme e nt inse ctions and maintenance work, remain flexi ble to use, che ck the worker reasonable use of personal protective equi pment, and proper use of fire fighting equi pment. 7,

9、 focus on team-building, improve management level of teams. Keep the work site tidy, cle le an, realization of civilization, and do ideological a a nd politi cal work team; 8 so as to improve track safety contest, commend the advanced experie nces. Craft safety responsi bilities 1, responsible for t

10、heir own safety in the context of work, ensure the safety and reliability of the technical w ork. 2, is responsibl e or the preparation of technical spe cifications for the units security a nd safety management system. In the preparation of start up, shut down, or when equipment maintena nce , techn

11、ical feasibility, to havereliable he he alth and safety measures and inspection of the implementation. 3, in the area of staff security technique and safety training, organization of technical training activities, regular assessment. 4, often goes int o the field to check人教版物理八年级上册知识点总结初二上物理知识点总结第一部

12、分 声现象1. 声音的发生：声音是由物体的振动产生的，一切正在发声的物体都在振动，振动停止，发声也就停止。但并不是所有的振动都会发出声音。2. 声的传播：声的传播需要介质，声在不同介质中的传播速度不同。真空不能传声。（V 固 V 液 V 气）3. 回声：声音在传播过程中，遇到障碍物被反射回来人再次听到的声音叫回声（1） 区别回声与原声的条件：回声到达人的耳朵比原声晚 0.1 秒以上。（2） 低于 0.1 秒时，则反射回来的声音只能使原声加强。（3） 利用回声可测海深或发声体距障碍物有多远（声纳系统）4. 音调：声音的高低叫音调，它是由发声体振动频率决定的，频率越大，音调越高。5. 响度：声音的

13、大小叫响度，响度跟发声体振动的振幅大小有关，还跟声源到人耳的距离 远近有关6. 音色：不同发声体所发出的声音的品质叫音色 7. 噪声及来源 从物理角度看， 噪声是指发声体做无规则地杂乱无章振动时发出的声音。从环保角度看， 凡 是妨碍人们正常休息、学习和工作的声音都属于噪声。8. 声音等级的划分用分贝来划分声音的等级，30dB 40dB 是较理想的安静环境，超过50dB 就会影响睡眠，70dB 以上会干扰谈话，影响工作效率，长期生活在90dB 以上的噪声环境中，会影响听力。9. 噪声减弱的途径：可以在声源处、传播过程中和人耳处减弱10 声的利用：（1）利用声音传递信息（如B 超、声纳、雷达等）（

14、2）利用声音传递能量（洁牙、超声波碎石、清洗精密零件等）第二部分 光现象及透镜应用（一）光的反射 1、光源：能够发光的物体叫光源 2、光在均匀介质中是沿直线传播的。大气层是不均匀的，当光从大气层外射到地面时，光 线发了了弯折名师归纳总结 3、光速：光在不同物质中传播的速度一般不同，真空中最快，production safety situation, potential accident is discovered in time to propose measures t o eliminate them, to stop illegal operati ons. Do not scatter

15、 in an emergency, to stop their work, and to immediately report to the management. 5 participate in work shop e qui pment, changes in technology programme and review of roasting temperature curve i s modified, to comply with safety requirements and product requirements. 6 participate in any accident

16、 investigation, analysis, and find out the reason, responsibility and come up with preventive measures, nd shall promptly report to the leadership or authority. 7, making maintenance, shutdo光在真空中的传播速度：w n, work programme, in particular when process cha nges, mapping work well before start. Level 1 e

17、mployee safety responsibilities, conscientiously study the relevant saf ety instructions, rules and safety procedures, mastering the post operating rules; 2, must wear PPE a s required operation, prddeoper use a nd C = proper storage of protective equipment and 第 1 页，共 6 页fire-fighting equipme powe

18、r, and ha ng up t nt; 3, w t he no ork will focus on safety, sta close warni ng signs a ble operation and strictly before they can w ork. 5, good job iobserve labour disci n ele ctricity, maipline and process discipli ne a nd conscie ntena nce recor ds, easily lead to key parts of ongntiously record

19、s, gang, leave, i oing supervision and inspepes strictly pr ohibited i n the post, ction of the a ccident. not sl eeping, slapstick and other disciplinary matters, to discourage the illegal actions of othe e rs and . 2, responsi si ble for fire analysis and enter the Tower, tanks of gas metering and

20、 analysis data reported to the a a uthorities. 3, responsible for accident i i nvestigation, statistics and reporti ng work. 1 electrical safety responsibilities, conscie e ntiously st st udy and abide by the safety rules and regula tions, i n strict compliance with the prohibitions and provisions o

21、f safety, perform guard dutie s. 2, before the operation, wear appr opriate PPE, impl l ement se curity measures, issuing safety permits, inspection tools, instruments are in good conditi on. 3, any electrical a ppplia nce without inspe e ction, shall be deemed to have access to electricity, is forb

22、in to touch. 4, electrica l maintena na nce, you must stop, cut off - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - exchange ex perience i 10, devel op emerge i n safety, commend a dvanced teams a ncy plans a nd drills are reg ularly organd i nized. ndivi dual Group leas; 8, the establi shment ders safety dut

23、ies 1 aof the workshop safety management network, reg nd carry out busi ness and workshop on safety instructions aular checki ai ng, arra nd rea ngement of se curity work , workshop and team security officer role i quirement s, the teams overall responsibility for the safety and personal nto full pl

24、ay safety and 9, issue d strict enfor cement health of workers; 2 organize aof labor protecti nd participate in seon articles, he curity activitie alth sta ndards, and do a good job post workers la bor protecti on wea ie s, adhere to safety, before class t o check security, after summing a r, guara

25、up the senteed post w curity system; orkers safety and 3, responsible for health; 10, develop emergency pla new w orkers (incl udi ng internshins and drill s are regularly organize ps, a ccompanyi ng staff) job safety, ed. Assistant Superinte ducati on and tndent of se he right to stcurity responsi

26、op wit hout the thirbilities 1, Direct or of the work shop on the safety of the unit d-level e ducation and safety assessment of qualified wnit ork responsi ble, De ers operate i ndeputy Dire ctor i n charge of business-wide security work; 2, seriously carry out the party and the pende ntly; 4, foun

27、d a cci dents signs and accide nts take effective measures t o preve nt the sitcountrys w uation from expaork safety laws, regulati ndi ng and reporting; ons, standards, and research on safety technol shall immediately re port the accide nt and organi ogy, exemplary i i zed rescue i n the impl ement

28、ation of operationa , prote ct the scene, make detailena l procedures and Safety Manager. d records, partici pate in a cci dent investigations, organize workers to analyze the cause of the acci dent, the impleme e ntation of preventive measures; 5, engagi ng in obvious danger or serious violations o

29、f the employee shall be entitle d to stop t he operation of the procedures and arrangements post operator, report to the leadership; 6 so as to improve safety and fire fighting facilities, equipme e nt inse ctions and maintenance work, remain flexible to use, che ck the worker reasonabl l e use of p

30、ersonal protective equi pment, and proper use of fire fighting equi pment. 7, focus on team-building, improve management level of teams. Keep the work site tidy, cle le an, realization of civilization, and do ideological a a nd politi cal work team; 8 so as to improve track safety contest, commend t

31、he advanced experiences. Craft safety responsibilities 1, responsible for their own safety in the context of work, ensure the safety and reliability of the technical w ork. 2, is responsibl e or the preparation of technical spe cifications for the units security a nd safety management system. In the

32、 preparation of start up, shut down, or when equipment maintena nce , technical feasibility, to havereliable he he alth and safety measures and inspection of the implementation. 3, in the area of staff security technique and safety training, organization of technical training activities, regular ass

33、essment. 4, often goes int o the field to check3108 m/s ，在空气中的速度接近于这个速度，水中的速度为 4、光直线传播的应用：激光准直，影子的形成，月食、日食的形成、小孔成像3/4C ，玻璃中为 2/3C 5、光线：表示光传播方向的直线，即沿光的传播路线画一直线，并在直线上画上箭头表示 光的传播方向（光线是假想的，实际并不存在）6、光的反射：光从一种介质射向另一种介质的交界面时，一部分光返回原来介质中，使光 的传播方向发生了改变，这种现象称为光的反射 7、 光的反射定律：反射光线与入射光线、法线在同一平面上；反射光线和入射光线分居 在法线的

34、两侧；反射角等于入射角 可归纳为： “ 三线共面，法线居中，两角相等”8、理解：反射角随入射角的增大而增大，减小而减小，当入射角为零时，反射角也变为零 9、两种反射现象（1）镜面反射：平行光线经界面反射后沿某一方向平行射出，只能在某一方向接收到反射 光线（ 2） 漫反射：平行光经界面反射后向各个不同的方向反射出去，即在各个不同的方 向都能接收到反射光线 注意：无论是镜面反射，还是漫反射都遵循光的反射定律 10 、 在光的反射中光路可逆 11、 平面镜对光的作用： （1）成像（2）改变光的传播方向 12 、 平面镜成像的特点（1）成的像是正立的虚像（2）像和物的大小相等（3）像和物的连线与镜面垂

35、直，像和物到镜的距离相等 理解：平面镜所成的像与物是以镜面为轴的对称图形 13 、 实像与虚像的区别实像是实际光线会聚而成的，可以用屏接到， 当然也能用眼看到。虚像不是由实际光线会聚成的，而是实际光线反向延长线相交而成的，只能用眼看到，不能用屏接收。14 、 平面镜的应用（1）水中的倒影（2）平面镜成像（3）潜望镜（二）光的折射 1、光的折射：光从一种介质斜射入另一种介质时，传播方向一般会发生变化，这种现象叫 光的折射 理解：光的折射与光的反射一样都是发生在两种介质的交界处，只是反射光返回原介质中，名师归纳总结 而折射光则进入到另一种介质中，production safety situatio

36、n, potential accident is discovered in time to propose measures to eliminate them, to stop illegal operati ons. Do not scatter in an emergency, to stop their work, and to immediately report to the management. 5 participate in work shop e qui pment, changes in technology programme and review of roast

37、ing temperature curve i s modifie由于光在在两种不同的物质里传播速度不同，d, to comply with safety requirements and product requirements. 6 participate in any accident investigation, analysis, and find out the reason, responsibility and come up with preventive measures, and shall promptly report to the leadership or aut

38、hority. 7, making maintenance, shut dow n, work programme, in particular when process cha nges, mapping work well before start. Level 1 employee safety responsibilities, conscientiously study the relevant safety instructions, rules and safety procedures, mastering t故在两种介he post operating rules; 2, m

39、ust wear PPE a s required operation, proper use a nd proper storage of protective equipment and 第 2 页，共 6 页fire-fighting equipme powe r, and ha ng up t nt; 3, w t he no ork will focus on safety, sta close warni ng signs a ble operation and strictly before they can w ork. 5, good job iobserve labour

40、disci n ele ctricity, maipline and process discipli ne a nd conscie ntena nce recor ds, easily lead to key parts of ongntiously records, gang, leave, i oing supervision and inspepes strictly pr ohibited i n the post, ction of the a ccident.not sl eeping, slapstick and other disciplinary matters, to

41、discourage the illegal actions of othe e rs and . 2, responsi si ble for fire analysis and enter the Tower, tank k s of gas metering and analysis data reported to the a a uthorities. 3, responsible for acci dent i i nvestigation, statistics and reporti ng work. 1 electrical safety responsibilities,

42、conscie e ntiously st st udy and abide by the safety rules and regula tions, i n strict compliance with the prohibitions and provisions of safety, perform guard dutie s. 2, before the operation, wear appr opriate PPE, impl l ement security measures, issuing safety permits, inspection tools, instrume

43、nts are in good conditi on. 3, any electrical a a pplia nce without inspe e ction, shall be deemed to have access to electricity, is forbidde n t o touch. 4, electrica l maintena na nce, you must stop, cut off - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - exchange ex perience i 10, devel op emerge i n safet

44、y, commend a dvanced teams a ncy plans a nd drills are reg ularly organd i nized. ndivi dual s; Group lea 8, the establi shment ders safety duties 1 aof the workshop safety management network, reg nd carry out busi ness and workshop on safety instructions aular checki ai ng, arra nd rea ngement of s

45、e curity work , workshop and team security officer role i quirement s, the teams overall responsibility for the safety and personal nto full play safety and 9, issue d strict enfor health of workers; 2 cement organize aof labor protecti nd participate in seon articles, he curity activitie alth sta ndards, and do a good job post workers la bor