2022年初中时间状语从句语法及练习6.docx

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1、_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 状语从句什么是状语：句子中修饰动词、形容词等的句子成分叫状语,用来从地点、时间、缘由、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式和相伴状况等方面修饰说明谓语；e.g. He speaks English very well.（副词作状语）e.g. He is playing under the tree.（介词短语作状语）e.g. I come specially to see you.（不定式作状语）e.g. If I am not busy tomorrow,I will play football with you.（从句作状语）e.g. H

2、aving had a quarrel with his wife,he left home in a bad temper.（分词作状语）状语从句：状语从句就是在复合句里起状语作用的从句,可以表示时间、地点、缘由、目的、结果、让步、比较、方式、条件等；引导状语从句的连词叫做从属连词；状语从句的位置可以在句首,也可以在句末；放在句首时,从句后面常用逗号与主句隔开；放在句末时,从句前面往往不用逗号；If it s fine tomorrow, I wil l go with you. I will go with you if its fine tomorrow.状语从句分类：1、时间状语从句2

3、、地点状语从句 3、缘由状语从句 4、目的状语从句 5、结果状语从句 6、条件状语从句 7、让步状语从句 8、比较状语从句 9、方式状语从句 时间状语从句从属连词：when, while, as, before, after, till/until, since, whenever, as soon as（一 就） 时态： 主将从现,主情从现,主祈从现 一、 When/while/as （当 时候）1 _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 15 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 区分：主句动作与从句动作发生的时间（同时 1）When: /之前/之后）；从

4、句动词（连续性 /瞬时性）when 引导时间状语从句时表示“当 的时候 ”,when 既可以指时间段也可指时间点,从句中既可用连续性动词又可用瞬时性动词,且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生；且 when 引导的时间状语从句中一般用一般现在时表将来（主将从现）；e.g. I will call you when I get there. e.g. When I came home my wife was cooking dinner. e.g. I will go home when the rain stops. e.g. When I got to the airp

5、ort,the guests had left. A）假如 when 引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同,而从句的谓语又是 be动词 时,那么从句中的主语和 be 可以省略 ; e.g. When you are in trouble, ask her for help. B）当 when 引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时,往往仍可以省略从句的主语并用 “ when+分词 ”的形式替代该状语从句；e.g. When I came into the room =When coming into the room, I found him lying there asleep. 2）W

6、hile while 引导时间状语从句时表示 连续地进行,用于这一用法时“当 的时候 ”,它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时 while 引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必需是延续性动词,或者强调主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中,此时主句中的谓语动词通常是非连续性动词；记住,从句中始终是连续性动词,且从句多用进行时态；（while 仍可以表示对比,译成“ 然而”,放在句首可以表示“ 虽然”）e.g. I met her while I was at school. e.g. While I was sleeping, the UFO arrived. e.g. We were doing

7、 our homework while it was raining outside. e.g. Study while you study; play while you play. 3）As as 引导时间状语从句时表示 “ 当 时” （只引导瞬时性动词,两个动作是紧密联系的,一前一后进行）,“ 一边 一边 ” ,侧重表示两个动作同时发生 包括一个主2 _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 15 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 语同时进行两个动作 ,“ 随着” ,一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化从句中只能接连续动词；e.g. He jumps a

8、s he goes along. e.g. As the wind rose the noise increased. 【When, while , as 辨析】三者均可以表示 “当 时候”,假如主句表示的是短暂性动作,而从句表示的是延续性动作（主短从延） ,三者可以通用；I met Mr Li as / when / while I was walking along the street. （1）While 意为 “在 期间 ”,从句的谓语必需是连续性动词；The plane had left when we got to the airport. （2）表示带有规律性的 “每当”,或者主

9、从句动作有先后时,都只能用 when. When winter comes, it becomes cold. （3）表示 “随着”时间的推移,主从句的内容是两种变化的情形,只能用 as. As the day went on, the weather got worse. （4）强调主句动作连续到从句所指的整个时间,只能用 while. 【巩固练习】1）I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _ I heard the steps. A. while B. when C.

10、 since D. after 2）He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while 3）We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. A. when B. while C. until D. before 4） I m going to the post office. _ you re there, can you get me some stamps.A

11、. As B. While C. Because D. If 5）I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _. A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred 答案 BCABC 3 _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 15 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 二、 Before/after before 引导时间状语从句时表示主句

12、的动作发生在从句动作之前 ,常翻译为在 “ 之 前”,“ 才 ” 或“ 就 ” ；e.g. See me before you leave. e.g. Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. after 引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后 e.g. I saw them after I arrived. e.g. I found his pen after he has left. 【巩固练习】He was told that it would be at least

13、three more months _ he could recover and return to work. A. when B. before C. since D. that It was some time _ we realized the truth. A. when B. until C. since D. before 三、 Till/until/not until 1、确定句： till 和 until 这两个词作连词和介词时的意义和用法相同,一般可以换用 放 在句首时通常用 until 的形式,till 在口语中更为常见 ；主句的谓语动词必需是连续性的,表示 “到 为止

14、”, “直到 才开头 ”；e.g. Walk till you come to a white house. e.g. We didnt discuss the problem until he came back.2、否定句： Not until ,主句的谓语动词就为短暂性的,表示“直到 才”,如主句 谓语动词为连续性动词,依据上下文可表示“ 没有到 ”He didn t wait until/ till I returned. 他没有等到我回来；not until 的三种用法：1） 用在句中的基本用法 e.g. He did not appear until the concert end

15、ed. 2）与 that 搭配的强调结构 e.g. It was not until the concert ended that he appeared. 3）用于句首的倒装结构主句倒装4 _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 15 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - e.g. Not until the concert ended did he appeared. 【巩固练习】1）It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _ weve actually had that lesson.A. unt

16、il B. after C. since D. when 2）A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the endthe story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until 3）I don t really work here; I _ until the new secretary arrives.A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will ju

17、st help out 四、 Since Since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从 以来”,需留意以下两1） 引导时间状语从句时,一般指的是“从过去的某一时间点以来”的概念,表示动作从过去始终连续到现在；从句用一般过去时,主句用完成时；e.g. I have never seen him again since he left here. e.g. They have been friends ever since they were in school. 2） 如表示到过去某一时间前的情形,就主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时；通搭配为 it was+时间段 +since 过去完成时或 it is

18、+时间段 +since过去时 e.g. It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. e.g. It was three years since we had been there. 3）连续性动词相反翻译,瞬时性动词正常翻译 It is three years since I smoked a cigar. 我不抽烟三年了；It is three years since I left there. 【巩固练习】我离开那里已经三年了；1）They _ friends since they met in Shanghai. A. h

19、ave made B. have become C. have been D. have turned 2） What was the party like. Wonderful. Its been 2 years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. after B. before C. when D. since 5 _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 15 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 五、“ 一 就 ”as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, t

20、he minute, the instant, no sooner than , hardly/ scarcely when 和 once 1）as soon as 表示对将来事情进行估计（用一般现在时表示将来）对过去事情进行陈述,表示两个动作同时进行或一前一后 2）no sooner than 和 hardly when 由于没有表达一种条件性,只能对过去事情进行陈述 时态方面：主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时 倒装同时满意三点： 否定词提前、 主倒从不倒、 部分倒装（be、助、情提到主语之前）；I had hardly got home when it began to rain. Ha

21、rdly had I got home when it began to rain. 我一到家天就下起雨来；【课后练习】6 _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 15 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 7 _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 15 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 英语时间状语从句讲解与练习（一） when, while 和 as 引导时间状语从句的用法 一、when 的用法 假如只从现象来看, when 从句用的最多的是一般过去时,而主句的时态没有限制 ,依据具体情形而定；1. When he

22、was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就经常试验一些新的设想；2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时,我正在 看书；3. Were you writing when the teacher came in. 老师进来的时候,你在写信吗？4. Sorry, I was out when you called me. 对不起,你打电话来的时候我出去了；5. He was on the point of leaving when someone

23、 knocked at the door. 他刚要走,这时有人敲门；6. I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说话的时候,我也想到了；7. I had hardlyscarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door. 我刚一闭上眼,就有人在敲门了；依据以上的例句,我们可以总结出一点：when 从句的 A 大事,相当于另一个大事B 发生的时间点；也就是说,when 从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态,而只是把它 作为一个时间点,所以 when 多数情形下用的是一般过去

24、时,就不用正在进行时；由于 假如用正在进行时,它表示的就是一段时间而不是一个时间点了；依据这一点,有的文章补充说： when 从句的动词大多是瞬时动词；这种说法也可以参照；实际上, when 从句也可以有其它的时态,但几乎也不用进行时,由于它也只是作 为一个时间参照点；例如：了；1. When I got to the airport, the guests had left. 当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest. 当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿；8 _精品资料_ - - - -

25、- - -第 8 页,共 15 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already. 你已经找到如此好的工作,为何仍想再找新的？4. You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it. 在我读完这本书后,你可以借阅；5. When the manager comes here for a visit next week, Ill talk with him about this. 下周

26、,经理来这参观时,我会和他谈谈此事；二、 while 的用法 相比于 when 来说, while 从句的侧重点就不一样了；while 从句的侧重点在于描 述动作正在发生的状态,它的意思是：当 while 大事正在发生的时候,另一件事如何如 何；所以, while 从句一般用的是正在进行时；而另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求,根 据具体情形而定；例如：1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 当妻子正在看报纸的时候,我正在看电视；2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao

27、came to see him. 正值吉姆修自行车时,林涛来看他；3. While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候,上课铃响了；4. You can t do your homework while youre watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业；5. While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home. 约翰坐在那里咬指甲时,我正在制定一个回家的方案；从时间的角度来看, while 表示的是一段时间, 是一

28、个过程； 这是 while 的侧重点；因此,假如含有 “一段时间 ”的含义的时候,就可以用while；when 意思就变了,6. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁；这句话中,是说趁着铁是热的这段时间,赶忙打铁；假如换成相当于说铁只热了一下,打一下,然后铁就冷了；这明显不符合文意；再例：Im going to the post office. While youre there, can you get me some stamps. 三、 as 的用法 as 从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生,另一件事也正在进行当中；但与 while 从 as 从句一般可以 句

29、不同的是, as 从句用的一般不用正在进行时,而只是一般过去时；翻译成 “边 边 ” ；例如：1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks. 当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时,眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来；2. The students took notes as they listened. 同学们边听课边做笔记；3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我们连续往下谈的时候,他越来越 兴奋；4. The little girls sang as they went.

30、 小姑娘们一边走,一边唱；5. Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound. 当他抓住球的时候,有一种撕裂的声音；as 表达的大事,往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时,as 只是一个次要的时间说明,不像 while 从句有强调 之意；while 动作本身的意思； 因此,as 经常翻译成 “随着 ”例如：1. As the time went on,the weather got worse. 随着时间的推移,气候更加糟糕；9 _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 15 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - -

31、- - - 2. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases. 随着高度的增加,大气越来越淡薄；3. As years go by,China is getting stronger and richer. 随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了；少数情形下,假如强调动作正在发生,特例了；as 从句也可以用正在进行时；这只能算是1. The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying. 难过的妈妈坐在路边,边哭边叫喊；2. As we

32、 were going out, it began to snow. 正值我们出门时,雪开头下起来；3. He came in as I was going to bed. 我刚要上床睡觉,他进来了；四、 when, while, as 的互换假如从句动作和主句动作同时发生,并且从句动作为连续性动词时,when,while,as 可以互换使用；1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in. 当我们跳舞时,一位生疏人走了进来；dance 为连续性动词 2. When /While /As she was making a phone

33、 call, I was writing a letter. 当她在打电话时,我正在写信；make 为连续性动词 3. While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank. 我顺着公路往前走时,发觉银行门前停着一辆警车；五、比较 while, when, as 1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词；例如： Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我刹车后,有一个人向我走来

34、；2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不行用as 或while；例如： When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 干完活后,你可以休息一下；3）从句表示 “随时间推移 ”连词能用 as,不用 when 或 while；例如： As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一每天过去, 天气越变越 坏；（二） before 和 after 引导的时间状语从句 1Before 是主句动作发生在从句的前面； 留意 before 引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并

35、且当 before 引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“ 就,才”；仍要留意主句和从句之间的时间关系；当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时；假如 before 引导的从句谓 语用的是过去时,就主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便表达动作发生的先后；2After 表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后；主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与 before 引导的从句相反；例如：It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来；Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我；My f

36、ather had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大 了；They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚仍不到四个月 就离婚了；After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你认真考虑过以后, 告知我你是10 _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 15 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 怎样打算的；A

37、fter we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了； （从句用过去 完成时,主句用一般过去时）（三）比较 until 和 till 的用法此两个连词意义相同；确定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时 ”,动词必需是连续性的；否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事 ”；动词为连续性或非连续性都可以；正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判定句中的动词该用确定式仍是否定式；确定句： I slept until midnight. 我始终睡到半夜时醒了；Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你；（在确定句中可用 before 代替；

38、例如： Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.）否定句： She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到 6 点才到；Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车；I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后,我才会做；区分： 1）until 可用于句首,而 till 通常不用于句首；例如： Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what ha

39、ppened. 直到你告知我以前,出了什么事我一点也不知道；3）until when 疑问句中, until 要放在句首；例如：-Until when are you staying. 你呆到什么时候？- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一；留意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示；4）Not until在句首,主句用倒装；例如： Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到 19 世纪初,人类才知道热为何物；Not until I began to work did I reali

40、ze how much time I had wasted. 直到工作,才熟悉到我已蹉跎了很多岁月；5）It is not until that .例如： It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted. （四）巧辨 before 和 until在日常英语教学中,我们遇到同学问这样的一些问题：1.He will spend six hours at his desk_he finishes his composition. A.beforeB.untilC.afterD.when 2.The

41、 bike hit the tree_I could get off. C.whileD.until A.whenB.before3.I knocked at the door for more than five minutes_Mrs white answered it. A.until B.when C.after D.before 4.It was_yesterday_be_the secret. A.not until ；that；knew B.until ；when；knew C.not before；that；foundD.before；that；didnt find 怎样才能清

42、晰地说明其挑选的缘由,这就涉及到 until 与 before 的区分问题；实际上,只要我们把握住两者使用时本身的含义及主句动词是终止性的,仍是连续性的,确定式,仍是否定式两大点,就能简单地解决这类问题；现具体阐明如下：一、在以下情形下,两者可互换用,但含义略有不同；11 before 表示 “在 之前 ”的_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 15 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 意思,强 调时间先后关系； 而 until 表示“直到 才”的意思,主句是确定句就表示 主句动作的终 止时间；主句是否定句就强调主句动作的起始时间；1.主句为否定式终止性

43、谓语动词；常见的动词是 open,start,leave,arrive,finish, stop等；例如：1The noise of the street didnt stop until/before it was midnight. 2The children wont come back until/before it is dark. 3I didnt leave the lovely boy until/before his mother came home. 2.主句为确定式、连续性谓语词,这类动词用 stand,stay,talk,be,wait等；例如：1He lived wi

44、th his parents until/before he graduated from school. 2I will wait until/before he comes to my help. 3I shall stay heer until/before you come back. 二、在以下情形下,用before 不用 until；before；例：1.主句这确定式、终止性谓语动词,只用1He fell asleep before I could take off his clothes. 2We arrived there before it atarted to rain. 3The holiday came to the end befor I knew it. 4He almost knocked me down before he saw me. 2.主句谓语动词强调动词的迟缓性,只用 示；例：before,常伴有时间段状语或时间段暗1It was quite some time before he found the elephant at all. 2We had walked a long way before we found some water. 3We had sailed for two days before w