2022年八年级上册英语外研版-知识点总结-文档.docx
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1、_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 英语初二上册重点学问点讲解Module 1 How to learn English 1pair n. 相关的 两个人,一对,一双,一副a pair of socks a pair of gloves two pairs of trousers 一双袜子 一副手套 两条裤子e.g.A pair of teenage boys are watching a football game. 两个青少年正在看足球赛;2correct (1)v. 改正,订正e.g.The teacher returned to her room to correct
2、 exercise books. 老师回到房间去改练习本;Correct the spelling. 订正拼写;(2)adj. 正确的;恰当的e.g.correct pronunciation 正确发音Do you have the correct time?你的表走得准吗?3advice (1)n. 意思是“ 看法,建议” ,为不行数名词,可用不能说 an advice或 many/a few advices;some,much,a piece of ,pieces of 等修饰,(2)表示“ 有关 的建议” 时,用介词 on,接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式;e.g.Let s ask
3、for his advice on what to do next. 我们去征求一下他的看法下一步该怎么办;常见搭配:take/follow ones advice 接受某人的建议 ask for advice 征求看法向某人供应建议accept/refuse ones advice接受(拒绝)某人的建议 offer advice to sb. 拓展:advise vt建议 常见搭配: advise sb. to do sth. advise that sb. should do sth. e.g.My teacher advises me to leave now. 老师建议我现在就离开;W
4、e advise measures (should )be taken to stop pollution at once. 我们建议立刻实行措施以阻挡污染;_精品资料_ 11 第 1 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 4We should always speak English in class. 我们应当总是在课堂上说英语;should 是情态动词,意思是“ 应当” ;通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务;should/shouldnt do sth. e.g.He should work harder. 他应当更加努力;You
5、 should help your mother with the housework. 你们应当帮妈妈做家务;5Let s try to speak English as much as possible. 让我们一起尽可能地说英语;(1)e.g.They are trying to study English well. 他们正努力学好英语;I am trying doing it in this way. 我正试着用这种方法做;We should try/do our best to help the people in trouble. 我们应当尽最大努力帮忙困境中的人们;(2)译为“
6、 尽量” 、“ 尽最大努力(可能)” ,主要用于 as.as possible/one can;e.g.You should rest as much as possible. 你应当尽量多休息;I have helped you as much as I can. Now it is up to you. 我已尽我所能地帮忙你了;现在该看你自己了;6Each time you will learn something new. I also advise you to talk about the films or songs with your friends. 每次你将会学习一些新东西;
7、我也建议你和伴侣们谈论电影或歌曲;time 的用法:(1)time 侧重指“ 时间” 这一概念,或说明“ 时间” 的量,time 用作不行数名词, 前面可 much, little, a lot of, plenty of 等修饰;e.g.This saves time and allows farmers to grow an extra crop in each season. 这节约了时间,使农夫能够在每个季节中多种点庄稼;(2)当作“ 次数;倍数” 讲时,time 是可数名词;第 2 页,共 16 页2 2_精品资料_ - - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - -
8、 - - - e.g.I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次;(3)time 构成的短语:at a time 一次, 每一次at one time 曾经,一度at times /from time to time 有时,有时all the time 总是,始终in time 准时,迟早on time 准时(4)time 构成的句型: It s time for sb. to do sth./Its high time sb. did sth. 该是某人干 的时间了;e.g.Its time for children to go to bed. 是
9、小孩睡觉的时候了;It s high time that we started. 我们该动身了; each time (每次), next time (下次), the first/last time 等词组引导的时间状语从句;e.g.The last time I went to China, I visited Shanghai. 我上次到中国时,游玩了上海;(第一次 / 最终一次 的时候)14I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place them in your room. 我建议你一天
10、把四个或者五个单词写在纸上并且放在你的房间里;suggest ,做动词,表示“ 建议,提议” 的意思,对应的名词是e.g.She suggested an early start. 她建议早一点动身;I suggested his / him giving up the foolish idea. 我建议他舍弃那愚蠢的念头;suggestion ;suggest 的用法:She suggested that the class meeting should not be held on Saturday. 她建议班会不要在星期六举办;留意:当 suggest 表示“ 示意,说明” 的意思,它后
11、面接宾语从句, 谓语用真实的时态, 而不用“ should+ 动词原形” ;e.g. 他脸上的表情说明他很高兴;_精品资料_ 33 第 3 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - ( ) The expression on his face suggested that he should be very happy. () The expression on his face suggested that he was very happy 游玩了上海;Module 2 My home town and my country 1It i
12、s on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000. 它(剑桥)位于康河河畔,人口约为12 万;, 所以很简洁用population n. 意思是“ 人口,居民” ,它是一个集体名词,它的用法有时较为特别 错; population常与定冠词 the 连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式;e.g.The worlds population is increasing faster and faster. 全世界的人口增长得越来越快; 当主语是表示“ 人口的百分之几、几分之几” 时,谓语动词用复数形式;e.g.About s
13、eventy percent of the population in China are farmers. 中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农夫; 有时 population 可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词;e.g.China has a population of about 1.3 billion. =There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China. 中国大约有十三亿人口;表示人口的“ 多” 或“ 少”, 不用“much” 或“little” , 而要用“large ” 或“small ” ;e.g.India has a large
14、 population. 印度人口众多;Singapore has a small population. 新加坡人口少; 询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用“How much. ?” ,而用“How large.?” ;在问详细人口时用“What. ?” ;?e.g. What is the population of Canada= How large is the population of Canada?加拿大的人口有多少?The population of Canada is about 29 million. 加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万;2It has a population o
15、f about seven and a half million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge. 它(伦敦)大约有750 万人口,所以比剑桥更大更繁忙;of ;第 4 页,共 16 页(1)million是数词,意思是“ 百万” ;它的用法如下: 当与详细数字连用时,习惯上用单数,而且也不后接介词4 4_精品资料_ - - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - e.g.three million people 三百万人He was prepared to pay two million. 他情愿支付 20
16、0 万;但是,后面的名词有了the, these, those等特指限定词修饰时,或其后的接的是us, them 这样的人称代词时,就此时必需用介词 of ;e.g.About three million of them have left there. 他们当中约有三百万人离开了那儿;当不与详细数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,就不仅要用复数,而且要后接介词 才能接名词;of ,然后e.g.A careless mistake cost the company millions of pounds. 一个马虎的错误使公司蒙受数百镑的缺失;拓展:与 million有相同用法的数词仍有: hu
17、ndred(百) , thousand (千) , billion(十亿);本节课主要学习形容词的比较级的规章变化及用法;(1)规章变化:类别构成方法原级比较级单音节词和少数双一般直接加 -er long longer tall taller 不发音的 e 结尾时late later 音节词加-r large larger 辅音字母加 y 结尾easy easier 时把 y 变 i ,再加 -er happy happier 重读闭音节结尾并big bigger 且只有一个辅音字hot hotter 母时,双写最终的辅音字母,再加 -er (2)形容词比较级用法 表示两者进行比较时用形容词比
18、较级,最明显的提示词是than ,其结构为“ A +比较级 +than+B” ;e.g.Li Leis room is bigger than mine. 李雷的房间比我的大;This mooncake is nicer than that one. 这块月饼比那块好吃; 有表示程度的副词a little,a bit ,a few ,a lot ,much,even,still,far ,rather ,any等修饰时,用形容词比较级;e.g.I feel even worse now. _精品资料_ 55 第 5 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - -
19、 - - - - 我现在觉得更难过了;It is much colder today than before. 今日比以前冷得多;比较级前面可以加上表示详细数量差别的结构“ 短多少” 等;e.g.I am two years older than he. 我比他大两岁;, 表示详细“ 大多少” ,“ 小多少” ,“ 长多少” ,This building is 20 meters higher than that one. 这栋楼房比那栋高20 米;of the two” 时,常用“the+ 比较级” 结构;表示“ 两者之间最 一个e.g.Mary is the taller of the t
20、wins. Mary 是双胞胎中的高个子;表示“ 越来越 ” ,用比较级重叠结构,即“ 比较级时用“more and more+ 形容词原级” ;e.g.Its getting warmer and warmer in spring. 春每天气变得越来越温和;Our home town is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的家乡越来越美丽了Module 3 Sports +and+比较级” ,多音节词和部分双音节词节课进一步学习形容词和副词的比较级的规章变化和不规章变化(1)规章变化:类别构成方法原级比较级多音节词和部分双在原级前加 more care
21、ful more careful 音节词在原级前加 less beautiful more beautiful important less important useful less useful (2)不规章变化:6 原级比较级较远 第 6 页,共 16 页good/well (身体好的)better many/much more bad/ill worse little less far farther6_精品资料_ - - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - old further进一步 older elder 较年长的 (3)形容词和副词比较级用法
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