2022年初中英语七年级升八年级衔接辅导之语法篇专题一名词.docx

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1、_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载中学英语七年级升八年级连接辅导语法复习专题一 名词一、 学问梳理：提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点；名词的概念在不同的语法教课书中有不同的说明和分类方法,但就实际应用来讲仍是不要过分地追求其理论概念,而更多的要把留意力放在其应用上来；我们不妨把它分为两大类：专出名词与一般名词；顾名思义,专出名词是指：个人、事物、机关等所专有的名称,如,the Great Wall, America 它们是不能随便变动的；而一般名词中就包括个体名词,如 pen, worker 它表示单一的个体人或事物；个个体组成的集合体；物质名词,如：集体名词,

2、如：family, class ,team,它表示的是由如干 water, paper 它表示的是一种物质,原材料；而后一种是抽象名词,如 :work, time 它表示着一种在实际生活中看不见、摸不到,但却与实际生活紧密相关的某些动作、状态、品质的抽象概念；（一）名词的种类种类 例词专出名词 London, John, the Communist Party of China 一般名词 nurse, boy, worker, pencil, dog, table 集体名词 class, family, army, police, team, people 物质名词 water, steel,

3、 glass, cotton, wood, sand 抽象名词 happiness, love, work, life, courage, honest （二）名词的功能功能 例句主语 My family is now in New York. 表语 His father is a scientist. 宾语 We love our great motherland. 宾语补语 He made London the base for his work. 定语 The girls are making paper flowesrs. 状语 The car cost him 1000 dollar

4、s. 同位语 Mr Brown, a famous scientist, will come here. （三）名词的用法及留意问题名词在使用中的难点在于名词的数,即可数名词与不行数名词的实际应用；因此, 在使用中要留意；第一分析名词是可数名词仍是不行数名词；如是可数名词,就要考虑用名词的单数仍是复数；最终要考虑是否用冠词,是用定冠词仍是用不定冠词；不行数名词不能用数字运算,所以它通常只有单数形式；它包含有专出名词、 物质名词、抽象名词等,如：English,air,water,cotton,work 等；可数名词是可以用数量加以运算的名词,所以它具有单数形式和复数形式两种；1、可数名词复数形

5、式规章变化构成规律一般情形加 s,如： penpens, doctordoctors,boyboys,其读音规章是在清辅音后读s,在元音和浊辅音后读z；如 :mapmap , boyboys. _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载在以 s,sh,ch,x 结尾的名词后面加es,如： busbuses,classclasses,其读音为 iz；以 ce,se,ze,dge结尾的名词加 s,其读音为 iz；以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词,要将 y 变为 i 再加 es,读作 z,如： factory f

6、actories,country countries, family families. 但要留意的是以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词的复数形式只加 s,如 :boyboys,day days；以 o 结尾的名词的复数形式一般要加es,但假如 o 前面是元音字母或外来词,缩写词以 o 结尾的就只加 s,如： tomatotomatoes,heroheroes;photophotos,radio radios,pianopianos 巧学法园地 巧记以 -o 结尾加 -es 的词A.“ 两人两菜”（hero,negro,potato,tomato）B.一句话 Negroes and heroes l

7、ike to eat potatoes and tomatoes. C.有生命的加 -es,无生命的加 -s；以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词的复数形式要将f 或 fe 变为 v 再加 es,如： knife knives, leaf leaves, 但有些例外的词如roof 的复数形式是roofs；2、不规章名词的复数形式 不规章名词复数形式没有规律可循,要单个记忆；如:manmen,womanwomen, 但是, German Germans footfeet,toothteeth, mousemice childchildren, 巧学法园地 巧记不规章名词单变复 男女脚步牙鹅,孩子老鼠虱子

8、婆；man-men;woman-women;foot-feet;tooth-teeth;goose-geese;child-children;mouse-mice;louse-lice 3、单复同形的名词 如, fish, sheep,deer,Chinese, Japanese等4、单数形式,复数意义的名词 如, people,police,family,class5、名词的格 主格可作主语 宾格可作宾语 全部格可作定语；用来表示人或物的全部,以及领属关系；名词全部格的变化形式有生命的名词的全部格其单数形式是加s 其复数形式是s,如其结尾不是s 的复数形式仍加 s,如： a students

9、 room, students rooms, Childrens Day. 在表示时间、距离、世界、国 家 名词的全部格要用 s,如： a twenty minutes walk. 无生命名词的全部格就必需用 flowers of 结构,如： the capital of our country, the colour of the 二、例题解析：举一反三,学的更轻松；C1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories C2. I have two _ and three bottles

10、 of _ here. _精品资料_ A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges 第 2 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - C. oranges, orange 学习必备欢迎下载D. orange, oranges A3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutelk s waC. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk B4. An old _ wants

11、to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person D5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples C6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. room s number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbersC7. She has been in Tianjin f

12、or ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. room D8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and PeterC. Mary s and Peter D. Mary s and PetersB9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month. A. her uncle B. h

13、er uncles C. her uncles D. aunts B10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching.A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience D11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sistersA12. A group of _ are talking with two

14、 _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen B13.The team _ having a meeting . A. is B. are C. am D. be C14. “Would you like _.“” _, please.”A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, Coffees C. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees A15.

15、 The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. A.earth and stone, millions of C. the earth and stone, million of B. earths and stones, millions D. the earths and stones, millions 三、 练习与巩固：熟能生巧,取得好成果；I：写出下面单词的复数：1.pen_2.strawberry_3.watch_4.key_5.dictionary_ 6.backpack

16、_7.brother_8.tomato_9.hamburger_10.egg_ 11.basketball_12.skirt_13.documentary_14.student_ II ：单句改错 1.Please give me two letter papers. 正 Please give me two pieces of letter paper. _精品资料_ 析 paper作为纸讲是不行数名词,而作为报纸、 考卷、 文章讲时就是可数名词,如：Each 第 3 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载studen

17、t should write a paper on what he has learnt. 2.My glasses is broken. 正 My glasses are broken. 析英语中 glasses眼镜, shoes鞋, trousers裤子等由两部分组成的名词一般要用复数形式；假如要表示一副眼镜应用 This pair of glasses is very good. 3.May I borrow two radioes. 正 May I borrow two radios. a pair of glasses 而这时的谓语动词应与量词相一样；如：析以 o 结尾的名词大都是用

18、加 es来表示其复数形式,但假如 o 前面是一个元音字母或外来语时就只加 s 就可以了；这样的词有 zoozoos,pianopianos. 4.This is a Marys dictionary. 正 This is Marys dictionary. 析如名词前有指示代词this, that, these those,及其他修饰词our,some, every, which, 或所有格时,就不要再加冠词；5.I want a few water. 正 I want a little water. 析不行数名词前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some来修饰,

19、但不行用many,few 来修饰；6.Thank you very much. Your family is very kind to me. 正 Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me. 析 集合名词假如指某个集合的整体,就应视为单数, 如指某个集合体中的个体就应视为复数；如 :My family is a big family. When I came in, Toms family were watching TV. 即汤姆一家人正在看电视；这样的集合名词有：family class, team 等；7.Food in t

20、hat restaurant is very good. 正 The food in that restaurant is very good. 析物质名词是不行数名词,在使用中不行以加 词；但假如用于特指某一物质时可以加定冠词；如：in that cup is really good. 8.Can you give me the newspaper of today. 正 Can you give me todays newspaper. s,即它没有复数形式；也不行加不定冠 I dont like drinking coffee, but the coffee 析加 s 构成全部格的名词一

21、般应指有生命的人或物；如：Marys hair,但在英文的习惯用法中对时间、距离等名词的全部格多用 s 来构成而不用 of 结构；如： a five minutes walk. 9.Please make a room for the lady in the school bus. 正 Please make room for the lady in the school bus. 析英语中更多的名词是含有多种用法和多种含意的,如： room 为可数名词时为“ 房间”,如： I live in Room 5. 而 room 为抽象名词时为空间上面一句话应译为 “ 请给老妇人在校车上留个地方；”

22、 这样的词仍有： glass 玻璃 glasses 眼镜 stone 石头 a stone 一块石头 time 时间 two times 两次 wood 木头 woods 树林10.There is a flowers garden behind my house. 正 There is a flower garden behind my house. 析名词除了在句中作主语、宾语、表语外,仍可以用来修饰另一个名词,这时作修饰词的名词一般要用单数形式,如：shoe factory 鞋厂 ,post office 邮局 ,evening paper 晚报 ,night school 夜校 ,he

23、ad master 校长 ,a law school 法律学院 ；但也有例外,如 :a goods train 货车,sports meeting 运动会 ；11.My mother bought two fishes for supper this morning. _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载正 My mother bought two fish for supper this morning. 析英语中有些名词单复同形,如：fish, deer, sheep, Chinese 中国人

24、 , means 方法 ；所以应讲 one fish, two fish, one Chinese, two Chinese. 假如讲 There are five fishes in the pool. 应 译为池中有五种鱼而不是五条鱼；12.Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend. 正 Mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend. 析英语中有些名词只有复数形式,如：thanks, greens, 而有些词单数形式与复数形式有不同的词意；如:clothes 为衣服,而cloth 就是布,sand 沙子,

25、而 sands是沙滩；13.We have five German in this meeting. 正 We have five Germans in this meeting. 析 英国人 Englishman 的复数形式为 名与 man 的组合词；Englishmen ,而 German 就要加 s,由于它不是由国14.There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number. 正 There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone number. 析在小写字母与数字的复数形式表达法中要用 s 15.

26、We have many woman teachers in our school. 正 We have many women teachers in our school. half brother half brothers 同父异母或同母异父的兄弟daughter in law daughtersin law,儿媳 但要留意的是：man driver men drivers 男司机 woman doctor women doctors 女大夫grown up grown ups 成年人 但是 boy student就变为 boy students 16.Physics are very

27、difficult to learn. 正 Physics is very difficult to learn. 析虽以s 结尾但只能用作单数名词有：科学,学科名字：Physics. Mathematics politics嬉戏名称： bowls 专出名称： Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉瀑布 17.Where is my shoe. 正 Where are my shoes. 其他名词： news消息,新闻 析经常只用作复数形式的词有 trousers, pants, shorts短裤 ,socks袜子 ,shoes, gloves手套；但假如只找其中的一个就要指明,这时仍是应用单数

28、形式；如：Wheres my left glove. 我左手的手套在哪 . 18.There is a new car. It is Jones and Marys. 正 There is a new car. It is Jone and Marys. 析有生命名词的全部格,假如是单数名词就加 s 如： Marys car.假如是以 s 结尾的复数名词就只在 s 后面加如：teachers offices.假如是复数名词但不是以 s 结尾, 就只加s,如：childrens palace 组合名词的全部格是在最终一个词尾加s 如： girl friend girl friends someo

29、ne else someone elses a week or threea week or threes 如名词后有同位语时,就应加在同位语的词尾上,如：It is my girl friend, Marys car.要留意的是当两个名词并列时,如表示归两人共同全部,就在最终一个名词后面加s,假如表示分别全部就在两个名词后分别加s,如：This is Mary and Jones home. 即 Mary 与 Jone是一家人； 这是他们共同的家；而 These are Marys and Jones homes.就应译为这里是Mary 的家与 Jone 的家；19.The teacher

30、with five students are coming here. 正 The teacher with five students is coming here. _精品资料_ 析要留意由with 引出的介词短语不是本句的主语,这与连词and 有很大的区分,如：第 5 页,共 7 页The teacher and five students are coming here. 这里由介词引出的短语仅仅是teacher的修饰- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载语；20.I like to study the English. 正

31、I like to study English. 析作为一种学科名词前不要用冠词,而作为某一特指学科就要加冠词,如：I like to study history. I like to study the history of America. III: 单项挑选A1. - Is he _. - No, he is _. A. English, Chinese B. an English, ChinaC. English boy, Chinese boy D. a English, a China A2 . Im Lucy Brown. Lucy is my _ name. So you ca

32、n call（称呼） me Lucy or Miss Brown. A. first B. middle C. last D. family D3. Do you know 知道 the answer to the _. Sorry, I dont know.A. telephone B. number C. family D. question D4. Is that your _ . A. a picture B. photos C. photoes D. picture C5. Are _ Lucys _.C. these,pencils D. those,pencil A. this,

33、 pencils B. that,pencil D6. Your _ son is your brother. A. parents B. parents C. parentss D. parentsB7. They are in _ but in _. A. same grade; different classes C. same grades; different class C8. Linda has 5 _. B. the same grade; different classes D. the same grades; different class A. tennis B. so

34、ccers balls C. soccer balls D. soccer ball C9.There is a _ shop. It sells bananas, apples, pears and oranges. A vegetable Bfood C fruit Ddrink A10.We need lots of _ every day A healthy food B salads D11. Some _ are on the tree树. Cmilks D vegetable A. banana B. strawberrrys C. apple D. oranges D12.Se

35、ptember 10th is _. A. Womens Day B. Childrens Day C. Mid-autumn Day D. Teachers Day D13Here _. Ais some informations B are some in formations Care some information Dis some information B14._ like to go swimming _ summer. AChildren, on BChildren, inC A child, on s DA child, in D15.Those are my pencil

36、s. C.brothersD.brothersA.brother B.brothers C16. He wants two _ salt and three _ eggs. A. bags; kilos B. bags of; kilos C. bags of; kilos of D. bags; kilos of A17._ is ready. A All the food BThe all food CAll his books DHis all books C18.The _on the desk are for all the children Acandy Bcandys Ccand

37、ies Dcandy sD19.How much _ do you want. _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 7 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - A. tomatoes B. bananas 学习必备欢迎下载C. hamburgers D. chicken C20.My pen pal comes from.She speaks. A. America;American B.Canada;ChinaC.Japan;Japanese D.France;France C21. Lisa can speak _Chinese. A. many B.

38、lot C. a little D. a few A22. The two girls are _. They speak _. A. American, English B. America, English C. America, America D. Americans, America A23.The _ looking for a tall dark man with long hair. A. police are B. polices are C. policemen is D. policeman are B24. What _ bowl of noodles would you like, small or large. A. kind B. size C. colour D. time A25.Welcome to the _ restaurant. We have different _. _精品资料_ A. noodle, noodles B. noodles, noodle C. noodle, noodle D. noodles, noodles 第 7 页,共 7 页- - - - - - -