2022年初中英语知识点总结初中英语语法例题解析.docx

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1、_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载【中学英语学问总结,中学英语语法例题解析】第一部分中学英语学问点总结 ,中学英语语法例题解析一、冠词 : 冠词用在名词的前面,有定冠词 “the ”与不定冠词 “ a；an”之分；定冠词表示 “ 确指 ”,译作 “这那个”；不定冠词表示“ 泛指 ” ,译作 “ 一个 ”；例题解析 : _ lady over there is _ university teacher. A A, the B The, an C The, a D The, the “over there 意为 “ 那边的 ”,是后置定语,它表示前面名词“la

2、dy ”（女士）是 “确指 ”的说法,因此要加上定冠词“ the ”；后半句意为 “一位高校老师 ” ,是泛指的说法, 因此要加上不定冠词“ a”或“ an”；由于 “ university 的读音起始于辅音“ j ”,因此要加定冠词“ a”；所以此题答案应当选“ C”； He prefers playing _ piano to playing _ hockey. A the, the B the, / C / , / D / , the “piano ”意为 “钢琴 ”,属于乐器, 要求前面加定冠词“the ”；后半句中 “hockey ”意为 “ 曲棍球 ” ,属于球类活动,要求不加任何

3、冠词；所以此题答案应当选“ B”； Mr. Black was made _ manager of our company. A / B a C an D the “manager ”表示被选的职位,前面不应加任何冠词；所以此题答案应当选“A”；此外,冠词仍有很多特殊的用法：1. 由一般名词组成的专出名词前,要加定冠词,如：the Great Wall （长城）2. 在拼音名词前,一般不加任何冠词,如：Thomas Green； Changfeng Park 3. 在江、河、湖、海前,即使是拼音名词,也要加定冠词“the ”,如： the Dongting Lake 4. 一般用 “单数名词加

4、 a；复数名词不加the 来表示 “ 泛指 ” 的意思；习题训练：_精品资料_ Choose the best answer 挑选最恰当的答案,用A、B、C 或 D 表示,填入空格内: 第 1 页,共 25 页 1. There is _ “u” in _ word “uniform.” .A an, a B an, the C a, a D a,the 2. _ sign here stands for _ mistake. A A, a B A, the C The, a D The, the 3. We made Joyce _ monitor _ her experience. A a

5、, because B the, because C / , because of D the , because of 4.Two months ago Mr. Green wrote _ article on Shanghai International Art Festival. A the B an C a D / 5. Q: Is Mr. White _ teacher of your school. A: Yes. _ teacher is from Australia. - - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - A a, A B a, The

6、 学习必备欢迎下载D the, A C the, The 6. Paul is _ European student. He likes to study _ history of China. A a, the B a, / C an, the D an, / 7. This is _ honey. As we all know, _ honey is sweet. A / , the B / , / C the, / D the, the 8. They didnt catch the last train because of _. A some heavy traffics B any

7、 heavy traffic C heavy traffic D a heavy traffic 9. It wont take long, its only _ walk. A ten-minutes B ten minutes C ten minutes D ten-minutes 二、名词 : 名词表示人或物体的名称,有一般名词park、专出名词 Peter；Party、集合名词 family, class, police、缩写名词 SARS, CEO, WTO 等；总体上说,它们可以分成两大类；即可数名词和不行数名词；要留意它们在句中的不同要求和变化；例题解析 : His grandf

8、ather is _. A Robert Bob B Tom Black C Kate White D Black Green 英语中,人的姓名排列是倒过来的；先是名,即“first name,后为姓,即 “second name ”也可叫做 “ family name ”或“ surname”；做这类题目,必需先搞清晰哪个单词是表示名字,哪个单词是表示姓氏,名字仍要分清男女性别；这道题中说的是 该选 “ B”； _ are playing tennis in the playground. “ 爷爷 ” ,是男名,所以此题答案应 A The Browns B The Browns C Bro

9、wns D Browns “A”；英语中,姓氏前加定冠词“the ”,后面加 “s”,有 “ 一家人 ” 之意；所以此题答案应当选 Be careful. There is a _ hole in the ground. A two-foot-deep B two-feet-deep C two-foot deep D two-feet deep 这道题目考的是复合形容词；在复合形容词中的名词应当用单数形式,在整个复合形容词中的各个单词都要用短横“ ”来连接；由于它被看作为一个一般的形容词,因此,在可数名词前仍要再加上冠词；此句中,“一个两英尺深的洞”应译为 “ a two-foot-deep

10、 hole ”,所以此题答案应当选 “ A”；_精品资料_ He s got bad toothache. Hed better go to _.“the 第 2 页,共 25 页A dentist B the dentist C the dentists D see the dentists “ 去看牙科医生 ” 可译为 “go to see the dentist 或“go to the dentist；后一个词语中的dentist表示 “the dentists clinic；所以此题答案应当选“C”； The _ teachers wondered if the _ students

11、were in trouble. A woman, boy B woman, boys C women, boy D women, boys - - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 英语中, “女老师们 ”应当译为 “学习必备欢迎下载boy students；”women teachers,而 “男同学们 ” 应当译为 “所以此题答案应当选“ C”； _ came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores. A A news B Message C Word D Word

12、s “ 据说 ”在英语中有多种说法：“It was said that、“Word came that、“”News came that、“”A message came that” 等；所以此题答案应当选“C”； All of a sudden, something on the ground caught _. A his eye B his eyes C his own eyes D eyes of his own “catch one是固定词组,意为“ 引起某人留意 ”；即“be noticed by sb.；此句中, “eye ”是“视线 ”之意,由 “ eyesight ”演化而来

13、；随着语言的进展,一些词语会产生演化,大致上都是朝“简洁化 ”方向进展, 如：“ countryside ” “country ”、“ mankind” “man”、 “ campsite ” “camp”“in the daytime” “in the day 等；所以此题答案应当选“A”； The lady with long _ found her husband had already got three gray _. A hair, hair B hair, hairs C hairs, hair D hairs, hair 要把握英语中哪些是可数名词,哪些是不行数名词；但是有些名

14、词具有可数和不行数两种性质,要靠详细说法来判别；如这道题中的“ hair ”（头发）就是这类词；前半句说的是“ 一头长发 ” ,是不行数名词；后半句说的是“三根白发 ”,是可数名词；所以此题答案应当选“ B”；习题训练：Choose the best answer 挑选最恰当的答案,用 A、B、C 或 D 表示,填入空格内 : 1. He has got _ to tell you. A a good news B some news C a lot news D many news 2. Its seven oclock. _ are sitting at table.A Mr. Green

15、s B The Greens C The Greens D Greens 3. Your brother is the same _ mine. A old as B age as C old like D age like 4. Our bodies need food to give us _. A health B strong C energy D taste 5. A lemon is the same _ as a banana. A yellow B colour C fresh D sweet 6. What kind of _ do you like best. A wate

16、rmelon B the watermelon C a watermelon D watermelons 7. Look at this magazine. Lets do the _ about eatiA quiz B list C cooking D dinner 三、代词 : _精品资料_ 代词是名词的代用词,有指示代词this, those、人称代词主宾格I, me、形容词性物主代第 3 页,共 25 页词my、名词性物主代词mine、反身代词 myself 、不定代词 either, others, anything, nobody ；- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ -

17、 - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载其中,不定代词的变化最复杂；在不同的句子中,它们的变化和要求都不一样,这一点我们肯定要有充分的熟识,不能掉以轻心；例题解析 : Would you please give _. A him it B it him C to him it D it to him 英语中, 当直接宾语 （人） 与间接宾语 （物） 都用人称代词时, 肯定要先讲间接宾语（物）后讲直接宾语（人）,而且要在直接宾语（人）前加上介词“ to ”； 所以此题答案应当选“ D”； She always thinks of _ more than _. A others, he

18、r B the others, she C others, herself D the others, herself 在英语中, “ 别人 ” 属于 “ 泛指 ”,应译为 “others；后半句是介词 “of ”的宾语；由于这里的 “ 她”与主语的 “ 她” 是属于同一个人,因此不能用人称代词宾格作宾语,要用反身代词作宾语才对；所以此题答案应当选“ C”； Some people like watching the sports news, _ prefer TV series. A the others B the other C others D another 在英语中, “ 一些 ,

19、另一些 ” 有两种译法： “Some , the others 是属于 “ 非此即彼”的两部分情形,而“ Some , others 是指有第三部分的情形存在；此题意为“一部分人喜欢看体育消息,而另一部分人比较观赏电视剧 答案应当选 “ C”；”,明显仍有其他人喜爱其他的内容,所以此题 The light in the room was too poor for _ to see it clearly. A everyone B someone C anyone D none 英语中, “too to ”意为 “太 而不能 ” ,具有否定的含义；因此,“for sb. 中应当选运用在否定句中的

20、 “ anyone”才对；所以此题答案应当选“ C”； _ the fuel here is from foreign countries, so we must make full use of it. A Some B Much C The most of D Most of 带有定冠词 “the ”的名词前,应当用代词词组：“some of ”（意为 “ 其中一些 ” ）、 “much of ”（意为 “ 其中很多 ” ）、“ most of ”（意为 “其中大多数 ” ） 等； “ the mose of ”（意为 “ 其中最多的”）在本句中的译法欠妥,所以此题答案应当选“ D”； C

21、an you call on my mother on Saturday or Sunday. I m afraid _ day is possibleA either B each C both D neither 在英语中,有 “两者 ”和“ 三者以上 ” 的不同词语说法：“both ”意为 “ 两者都 ”、“all ”意为 “ 三者以上都 ” 、“ neither ”意为 “ 两者都不 ” 、“ none”或“ no one”意为 “三者以上都不 ” 、“ either ”意为 “ 两者之一 ” 、“ one”意为 “三者以上之一 ”、“ between”意为 “两者之间 ”、“ amo

22、ng”意为 “三者以上之间 ” ；_精品资料_ 依据此题句意,答句应当是说“我唯恐没有一天能行”, 所以此题答案应当选“ D”；第 4 页,共 25 页 There are three bathrooms in the house. One is upstairs, _ two are downstairs. A other B the other C others D the others 在英语中, “另两个 ”的译法有多种：“the other two、“”the others、“”the rest；由于本句中讲到三间浴室, “另两间 ”的说法应当是 “ 确指 ”的,因此,必需有定冠词“

23、 the ”；又由于后句已经- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 写了 “ two”,因此这里要选作形容词用的学习必备欢迎下载“ B”；“ other ”； 所以此题答案应当选 The dishes on Table One are much fewer than _ on Table Two. A that B those C dishes D / 要留意所比较的两个对象具有对称性：这句是“the dishes on Table One（一桌上的菜）和“the dishes on Table Two（二桌上的菜）作比较,因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略

24、； “that ”“those ”是比较级句中的专用代词；由于该句中所比较的对象是复数,因此,要用“those ”来代替前面的名词；所以此题答案应当选“ B”； There are more people in this room than _ in that one. A that B those C people D / 要留意在 “There is 或“ ”There are 的比较级句型中,习惯上不用上题所讲到的专用代词；所以此题答案应当选“ D”；习题训练：Choose the best answer 挑选最恰当的答案,用A、B、C 或 D 表示,填入空格内: s 1. Show y

25、our watch _ me. _ is slow. A to, Mine B to, My C for, Mine D for, My 2. _ do you like _, the summer holidays or the winter holidays. A What, better B What, best C Which, better D Which, best 3. She wrote a letter and enclosed a photo of _ taken in her housing estate. A herself B her C hersD myself 4

26、. She told Jack, Tom and me to _ among _. A talk it over, us B talk over it, us C talk it over, ourselves D talk over it, ourselves 5. Ill do it by myself. I wont need _ help.A anyones elseB anyone elses C anyone others D other anyone 6. I heard _ until my friend told me about it. A everything B som

27、ething C nothing D anything 7. Would you like _ more bread, Jack. A any B another C little D a little 8. Only one student got the right answer. But _ didnt.A the other B another C others D the rest 9. He doesnt think _ of them will go there with you. A none B some C many D much 10. The film is dull

28、and _ people like it. A a few B few C a little D little 11. Have you all _. A got ready everything C got everything ready B got everything ready for D got ready for everything _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 25 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载12. Help _ to some sweets, everyone. A yourselves B your

29、own C yourself D by yourself 13. He has six uncles. Five of them are doctors and _ is a driver. A another B the sixth C other D the other 14. Believe or not, I did it all by _. A me B us C myself D ourselves 15. A: Are these two books yours . B: No, _ of them is mine. A either B none C both D neithe

30、r 16. Neither of the twins _ the toy train. A like B likes C is like D are like 四、数词 : 表示数目多少或次序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词；表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示次序的数词叫序数词；数词有基数词和序数词之分：基数词表示数量概念；序数词表示次序概念；第一要留意一些数词在写法上的变化,如：化；例题解析 : forty ；ninth；twentieth 更要留意它们在句子中的不同用法和变 About _ students went to the picture show that day. A hu

31、ndreds of B two hundreds C two hundred of D two hundred “about ”意为 “大约 ”,是指详细数量,因此,不能用表示不定数量的词语“hundreds of（意为“成百个 ”）；在表示确定数量时,英语中的 “ hundred”不加 “ s”,即不变复数； 再由于 “ students ”前没有定冠词 “ the ”,不是 “ 其中 ” 之意,因此,也不能加介词“ of ”； 所以此题答案应当选“ D”； _ of _ Class Four students have joined the singing group. A Three-f

32、ifths, the B Three-fifth, the C Three-fifths, / D Three-fifth, / 英语中, “几分之几 ”的表达方式是分子用基数词、分母用序数词,中间用短横“ ”连接；当分子大于 “ 一” 时,分母序数词要加“ s”；再由于此题句中数量用的是“ of ”词组,即意为 “ 其中的五分之三 ” ,因此后面的名词“ students ”必定是 “ 确指 ” 的,要加定冠词“ the ”； 所以此题答案应当选 “ A”；在这里要特殊留意的是：不要看到 “ students ”前有修饰词 “ Class Four ”就不敢加定冠词“ the ”,要懂得这里

33、的“ the ”是修饰 “ students ”的；同样, “ the English language 词语的表达形式也类似于此种情形；习题训练 : _精品资料_ Choose the best answer 挑选最恰当的答案,用A、B、C 或 D 表示,填入空格内: 第 6 页,共 25 页 1.John has twelve coins and Joan has _ ones, three times as many as John. A thirteen B fifteen C thirty-six D forty-eight 2.The post code used in our n

34、eighbourhood is _. A 56348574 B 202233 C a quarter D a dozen 3.Today is her brothers birthday. _ is on _.- - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - A She, fifth of May 学习必备欢迎下载D Hers, May the fifth B She, May fifth C Hers, May fifth 4. _ of the students go to school by bike. A Two-three B Two-thirds C

35、Two-threes D Two-third 5.There are about _ seats in the hall. A two hundreds B two hundred C hundreds of D two hundred of 6. A: How often should we publish the paper. B: _. A In one weeks time B Once a month C After two weeks D For half a month 7. About _ the students went to the Science Museum last

36、 Thursday. A hundreds of B two hundred C two hundred of D two hundreds 五、介词 : 介词是一种虚词,它不能单独使用,后面要跟名词、人称代词宾格或动名词；同一个动词,搭配不同的介词,可以衍变出各种不同含义的词组来,而且在不同场合所用介词也各不相同；因此,介词的用法是比较复杂的,要求我们去逐个记住；只有在看懂、懂得整个句意的前提下,才能选对正确的介词；例题解析 : Mr. Brown flew to Washington _ the night before last. A in B on C at D / 在表达某一天的详细

37、时间时,应当用介词“on”；但是本句是表达“ 在前天的夜里 ” ,与 “ 在前天 ” the day before yesterday）相仿,前面不该用任何介词,所以此题答案应当选“ D”； The school gate is _ the north of the classroom building. A in B to C on D at 在英语中,表达 “ 东、南、西、北 ” 的方位介词常见有三个：表示在方位区域的内部时,用介词 “ in ”；如： The playground is in the south of the school. （操场在学校的南面；）表示在与方位区域连壤的外

38、部时,应当用介词“ on”；如： Room 203 is on the west of Room 205. （203 室在_精品资料_ 205 室的西面；）表示在与方位区域不连壤的外部时,应当用介词“to ”；如： Shanghai is to the 第 7 页,共 25 页east of Nanjing. （上海在南京的东面；）此题的“ 校门 ”在 “教学大楼 ”的北面,应当用介词“to ”,所以答案应当选“ B”； You ll get one thousand dollars _.A after all B at all C in all D all together “after a

39、ll 意为 “究竟 ”、“ 究竟 ” 、“最终 ” ；“at all 通常与 “not ”连用,意为 “完全不 ”、“ 一点也不”；“ in all通常用于数量词后面, 意为 “总共 ”,同义词是 “ altogether；所以此题答案应当选“ C”； This bus can run _ 70 miles an hour. A for B with C at D in 在表示 “ 速度 ” 、“温度 ”、“ 价格 ” 意思时,应当用介词“at ”；所以此题答案应当选“C”； Its said he stayed there quietly _ two oclock that afternoo

40、n.A on B at C until D by - - - - - - -_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - “at two o学习必备欢迎下载” ,时态通常用 “ 过去进行时 ” ；“by two clock that afternoon 意为 “在昨天下午两点钟oclock that afternoon 意为 “在昨天下午两点钟前”, 时态通常用 “ 过去完成时 ”；“until two oclock that afternoon 意为 “直到昨天下午两点钟”, 时态通常用 “ 一般过去时 ”；本句中 “stay ”是连续动词, 因此可用 “ until 句型； 假如句

41、中谓语是瞬时动词的话,就应当用 “ not until 句型了；所以此题答案应当选“ C”； Tom didnt attend the lecture yesterday evening _ his illness.A as B for C because Dbecause of 在本句中, “由于生病 ”是一个词语,而不是缘由状语从句,因此,不能选连词“as”、“for ”或“ because”来连接,而要用介词词组“ because of ”；所以此题答案应当选“ D”； Now its quite important _ _ us to make full use of time. A for B to C of D with “It s important to sb.（ 意为 “它对某人来说很重要”）是词语搭配, “It s for sb. to do ”（意为 “ 做某事对某人来说是怎样的”）是句型； 当两者交叉、 重叠使用时, 词语要让位于句型；所以此题答案应当选“ A”；同样, “ I lik