解剖名词中英对照(神经系统部分).doc

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1、神经系统解剖名词中文解剖名词英文解剖名词对照总论联络神经元association neuron轴突axon双极神经元bipolar neuron中枢神经系统Central nervous system化学突触Chemical synapse皮质Cortex树突Dendrite树突棘Dendrite spine电突触Electrical synapse纤维束Fasciculus神经节Ganglion神经胶质细胞Glial cell灰质Gray matter髓质Medulla运动神经元Motor neuron多级神经元Multipolar neuron髓鞘Myelin sheath神经Nerve神

2、经细胞Nerve cell神经纤维Nerve fibers神经系统Nervous system神经原纤维Neurofibril神经胶质Neuroglia神经元Neuron尼氏体Nissl body神经核Nucleus假单极神经元Pseudounipolar neuron反射弧Reflex arc施万细胞Schwann cell感觉神经元Sensory neuron躯体神经Somatic nerve突触Synapse突触间隙Synapse cleft终扣Terminal bouton内脏神经Visceral nerve白质White matter中枢神经系统皮质脊髓束Anterior corti

3、cospinal tract前索Anterior funiculus灰质前连合Anterior gray commissure 前角Anterior horn 前正中裂Anterior median fissure 脊髓小脑前束Anterior spinocerebellar tract 脊髓丘脑前束Anterior spinothalamic tract 白质前连合Anterior white commissure Barne前外侧束Anterolateral tract of Barne 布朗-色夸综合征Brown-Sequard syndrome 马尾Cauda equine中央管Cen

4、tral canal 颈膨大Cervical enlargement 脊髓圆锥Conus medullaris皮质脊髓束Corticospinal tract 背外侧束Dorsolateral fasciculus 楔束Fasciculus cuneatus薄束Fasciculus gracilis 终丝Filum terminale角Horn中间带 Intermediate zone 中间外侧核Intermediolateral nucleus 中间内侧核Intermediomedial nucleus 侧柱Lateral column 皮质脊髓侧束Lateral corticospinal

5、 tract 外侧索Lateral funiculus 脊髓丘脑侧束Lateral spinothalamic tract 腰骶膨大Lumbosacral enlargement 内侧纵束Medial longitudinal fasciculus 后角固有核Nucleus proprius 胸核Nucleus thoracicus后柱posterior column 后索Posterior funiculus 灰质后连合Posterior gray commissure 后正中沟Posterior median sulcus 脊髓小脑后束Posterior spinocerebellar t

6、ract 后角边缘核Posteromarginal nucleus 网状结构Reticular formation 网状脊髓束Reticulospinal tract 红核脊髓束Rubrospinal tract 骶副交感核Sacral parasympathetic nucleus 脊髓Spinal cord 胶状质Substantia gelatinosa 顶盖脊髓束Tectospinal tract 前庭脊髓束Vestibulospinal tract 脑展神经核Abducent nucleus 副神经核Accessory nucleus 动眼神经副核Accessory nucleus

7、of oculomotor nerve 听结节Acoustic tubercle 前叶Anterior lobe 脊髓小脑前束Anterior spinocerebellar tract 原小脑Archicerebellum 最后区Area postrema 脑桥基底部Basilar part of pons 基底沟Basilar sulcus 结合臂Brachium conjunctivum 下丘臂Brachium of inferor colliculus 上丘臂Brachium of superior colliculus 脑桥臂Brachium pontis 脑干Brain stem

8、脑Brain (或encephalon)延髓脑桥沟Bulbopontine sulcus 小脑中央核Central nuclei of cerebellum 小脑皮质Cerebellar cortex 小脑半球Cerebellar hemispheres 小脑核Cerebellar nuclei 小脑Cerebellum 大脑水管Cerebral aqueduct 大脑脚Cerebral peduncle 大脑小脑Cerebrocerebellum第四脑室脉络丛Choroids plexus of fouth ventricle 攀缘纤维 Climbing fiber 蜗神经核Cochlear

9、 nucleus 致密部Compact part 小脑体Corpus of cerebellum皮质延髓束Corticobulbar tract 大脑脚底Crus cerebri 楔束核Cuneate nucleus 楔束结节Cuneate tubercle 内侧丘系交叉Decussation of medial lemniscus 锥体交叉Decussation of pyramid 齿状核Dentate nucleus 蜗背侧核Dorsal cochlear nucleus迷走神经背核Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve 被盖背侧交叉Dorsal tegmental

10、decussation E-W核Edinger-Westphal nucleus栓状核Emboliform nucleus面神经丘Facial colliculus顶核Fastigial nucleus绒球小结叶Flocculonodular lobe绒球Flocculus 前脑Forebrain 第四脑室Fourth ventricle 面神经膝Genu of facial nerve 巨细胞网状核Gigantocellular reticular nucleus 球状核Globose nucleus 小脑小球Glomerulus 薄束核Gracile nucleus 薄束结节Gracile

11、 tubercle 菱脑Hindbrain 水平裂Horizontal fissure 舌下神经核Hypoglossal nucleus 舌下神经三角Hypoglossal triangle 小脑下脚Inferior cerebellar peduncle 下丘Inferior colliculus 下髓帆Inferior medullary velum 下橄榄核Inferior olivary nucleus 下泌涎核Inferior salivatory nucleus 前庭下核Inferior vestibular nucleus 内弓状纤维Internal arcuate fibers

12、 脚间窝Interpeduncular fossa 中间核Interposed nuclei第四脑室外侧孔Lateral apertures of fourth ventricle 外侧网状核Lateral reticular nucleus 前庭外侧核Lateral vestibular nucleus 蓝斑Locus ceruleus 内侧隆起Medial eminence 内侧丘系Medial lemniscus 内侧纵束Medial longitudinal fasciculus 前庭内侧核Medial vestibular nucleus 第四脑室正中孔Median aperture

13、 of fourth ventricle 正中沟Median sulcus 延髓Medulla oblongata 中脑水管mesencephalic aqueduct 三叉神经中脑核Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve 中脑Mesencephalon 后脑Metencephalon 中脑Midbrain 小脑中脚Middle cerebellar peduncle 分子层Molecular layer 三叉神经运动核Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve 末脑Myelencephalon 新小脑Neocerebellu

14、m 小结Nodule 疑核Nucleus ambiguous 展神经核Nucleus of abducent nerve 面神经核Nucleus of facial nerve 舌下神经核Nucleus of hypoglossal nerve 下丘核Nucleus of inferior colliculus 动眼神经核Nucleus of oculomotor nerve 孤束核Nucleus of solitary tract 滑车神经核Nucleus of trochlear nerve 中缝背核Nucleus raphes dorsalis 中缝大核Nucleus raphes ma

15、gnus 闩Obex 橄榄Olive 旧小脑Paleocerebellum 臂旁核Parabrachial nuclei 旁正中网状核Paramedian reticular nucleus 小细胞网状核Parvocellular reticular nucleus 梨状细胞层Piriform cell layer 脑桥Pons 三叉神经脑桥核Pontine nucleus of trigeminal nerve 脑桥网状核Pontine reticular nuclei 脑桥小脑三角Pontocerebellar trigone 脑桥核Pontine nucleus 小脑后切迹Posteri

16、or cerebellar notch 后叶Posterior lobe 后穿质Posterior perforated substance 脊髓小脑后束Posterior spinocerebellar tract 后外侧裂Posterolateral fissure 顶盖前区Pretectal area 原裂Primary fissure 前脑Prosencephalon 锥体Pyramid 蚓锥体Pyramid of vermis 锥体束Pyramidal tract 红核Red nucleus 绳状体Restiform body 网状部Reticular part 菱脑Rhombenc

17、ephalon 菱形窝Rhomboid fossa 红核脊髓束Rubrospinal tract 三叉神经脊束核Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve 三叉神经脊束Spinal tract of trigeminal nerve 脊髓小脑Spinocerebellum 脊髓丘脑束Spinothalamic tract 髓纹Strae medullares黑质Substantia nigra 界沟Sulcus limitans 小脑上脚Superior cerebellar peduncle 上丘Superior colliculus 上髓帆Superior med

18、ullary velum 上橄榄核Superior salivatory nucleus 前庭上核Superior vestibular nucleus 顶盖脊髓束Tectospinal tract 顶盖Tectum 被盖Tegmentum 脑桥被盖部Tegmentum of pons 第四脑室脉络组织Tela choroidea of fourth ventricle 小脑扁桃体Tonsil of cerebellum 斜方体Trapezoid body 三叉丘系Trigeminal lemniscus 三叉丘脑束Trigeminothalamic tract 蚓结节Tuber of ver

19、mis 蚓垂Uvula of vermis 迷走神经三角Vagal triangle 蜗腹侧核Ventral cochlear nucleus 腹侧网状核Ventral reticular nucleus 被盖腹侧交叉Ventral tegmental decussation 小脑蚓Vermis 前庭区Vestibular area 前庭神经核Vestibular nuclei 前庭小脑Vestibulocerebellum 间脑、端脑杏仁体Amygdaloid body 角回Angular gyrus 前连合Anterior commissure 联络纤维Association fibers

20、 听觉区Auditory area 听觉性语言中枢Auditory speech area 基底核Basal nuclei 距状沟Calcarine sulcus 尾状核Caudate nucleus 中央沟Central sulcus 大脑皮质Cerebral cortex 大脑纵裂Cerebral longitudinal fissure 大脑横裂Cerebral transverse fissure 扣带回Cingulated gyrus 屏状核Claustrum 侧副沟Collateral sulcus 连合纤维Commissural fibers 胼胝体Corpus callosum

21、 纹状体Corpus striatum 齿状回Dentate gyrus 间脑Diencephalons 背侧纵束Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus 背侧丘脑Dorsal thalamus 上丘脑Epithalamus 第躯体运动区First somatic motor area 第躯体感觉区First somatic sensory area 穹窿连合Fornical commissure 穹窿Fornix 额叶Frontal lobe 苍白球Globus pallidus 味觉区Gustatory area 海马结构Hippocampal formation 垂体

22、门静脉Hypophysial portal veins 垂体Hypophysis 下丘脑沟Hypothalamic sulcus 下丘脑Hypothalamus 额下回Inferior frontal gyrus 漏斗核Infundibular nucleus 漏斗Infundibulum 岛叶Insula 额下沟Interior frontal sulcus 内囊Internal capsule 内髓板Internal medullary lamina 室间孔Interventricular foramen 外侧膝状体Lateral geniculate body 外侧沟Lateral su

23、lcus 侧脑室Lateral ventricle 豆状核Lentiform nucleus 边缘叶 Limbic lobe 边缘系统Limbic system 乳头丘脑束Mamillothalamic tract 乳头体Mammilary body 前脑内侧束Medial forebrain bundle 内侧膝状体Medial geniculate body 后丘脑Metathalamus 额中回Middle frontal gyrus 运动性语言中枢Motor speech area 神经干细胞Neural stem cell 枕叶Occipital lobe 嗅觉区Olfactory

24、area 视交叉Optic chiasma 中央旁小叶Paracentral lobule 海马旁回Parahippocampal gyrus 室旁核Paraventricular nucleus 室旁垂体束Paraventriculohypophysial tract 顶叶Parietal lobe 顶枕沟Parietooccipital sulcus 松果体Pineal body 中央后回Postcentral gyrus 中央前回Precentral gyrus 投射纤维Projection fibers 壳Putamen 隔区Septal area 底丘脑Subthalamus 额上回

25、Superior frontal gyrus 额上沟Superior frontal sulcus 缘上回Supramarginal gyrus 视上核Supraoptic nucleus 视上垂体束Supraopticohypophysial tract 端脑Telencephalon 颞叶Temporal lobe 透明隔Transparent septum 颞横回Transverse temporal gyrus 灰结节Tuber cinerem 结节垂体束tuberohypophysial tract 结节漏斗束Tuberoinfundibular tract 钩Uncus 腹前核Ve

26、ntral anterior nucleus 腹外侧核Ventral lateral nucleus 腹后核Ventral posterior nucleus 腹后外侧核Ventral posterolateral nucleus 腹后内侧核Ventral posteromedial nucleus 平衡觉区Vestibular area 视觉区Visual area 视觉性语言中枢Visual speech area 书写中枢Writing area 脑神经展神经Abducent nerve 副神经Accessory nerve 副神经核Accessory nucleus 传入神经Affer

27、ent nerves 迷走神经前干Anterior vagal trunk 顺行溃变Anterograde degeneration 耳颞神经Auriculotemporal nerve 自主神经系统Autonomic nervous system 颊神经Buccal nerve 颈动脉窦支Carotid sinus branch 腹腔支Celiac branches 颈支Cervical branch 鼓索Chorda tymani 睫状神经节Ciliary ganglion 蜗神经节Cochlear nerve 蜗神经Cochlear nerve 交通支Communicating bran

28、ch 脑神经Cranial nerves 传出神经Efferent nerves 面神经Facial nerve 额神经Frontal nerve 神经节Ganglion 膝神经节Geniculate ganglion舌咽神经Glossopharyngeal nerve 耳大神经Great auricular nerve 枕大神经Greater occipital nerve 岩大神经Greater petrosal nerve 肝支Hepatic branches 舌下神经Hypoglossal nerve 髂腹下神经Iliohypogastric nerve 髂腹股沟神经Ilioingui

29、nal nerve 下牙槽神经Inferior alveolar nerve 下神经节Inferior ganglion 喉下神经Inferior laryngeal nerve 眶下神经Infraorbital nerve 滑车下神经Infratrochlear nerve 中间神经Intermediate nerve 泪腺神经Lacrimal nerve 枕小神经Lesser occipital nerve 岩小神经Lesser petrosal nerve 舌支Lingual branches 舌神经Lingual nerve 下颌神经Mandibular nerve 下颌缘支Margi

30、nal madibular branch 上颌神经Maxillary nerve 鼻睫神经Nasociliary nerve 动眼神经Oculomotor nerve 嗅神经Olfactory nerve 眼神经Ophthalmic nerve 视神经Optic nerve 耳神经节Otic ganglion 副交感神经Parasympathetic nerve 周围神经系统Peripheral nervous system 咽支Pharyngeal branche 膈神经Phrenic nerve 后支Posterior branch 胃后支Posterior gastric branche

31、 后根Posterior root 迷走神经后干Posterior vagal trunk 翼腭神经节Pterygopalatine ganglion 喉返神经Recurrent laryngeal nerve 逆行溃变Retrograde degeneration 躯体神经Somatic nerve 脊神经节Spinal ganglion 脊神经Spinal nerve 镫骨肌神经Stapedial nerve 下颌下神经节Submandibular ganglion 上牙槽神经Superior alveolar nerves 上神经节Superior ganglion 喉上神经Superi

32、or laryngeal nerve 锁骨上神经Supraclavicular nerves 眶上神经Supraorbital nerve 滑车上神经Supratrochlear nerve 颞支Temporal branches 三叉神经节（半月节）Trigeminal ganglion 三叉神经Trigeminal nerve 滑车神经Trochlear nerve 鼓室神经Tympanic nerve 迷走神经Vagus nerve 植物神经系统Vegetative nervous system 前庭神经节Vestibular ganglion 前庭神经Vestibular nerve

33、前庭蜗神经Vestibulocochlear nerve 内脏神经Visceral nerves 颧神经Zygomatic nerve 内脏神经系统腹主动脉丛Abdominal aortic plexus 主动脉肾神经节Aorticorenal ganglion 自主神经系统Autonomic nervous system 心丛Cardiac plexus 腹腔神经节Celiac ganglion 腹腔丛Celiac plexus 颈外动脉丛External carotid plexus 交感干神经节Ganglia of sympathetic trunk 奇神经节Ganglion impar

34、 内脏大神经Greater splanchnic nerve 灰交通支Grey communicating branches 海德带Head zones 腹下丛Hypogastric plexus 颈下神经节Inferior cervical ganglion 肠系膜下神经节Inferior mesenteric ganglia 节间支Interganglionic branches 颈内动脉丛Internal carotid plexus 内脏小神经Lesser splanchnic nerve 腰内脏神经Lumbar cervical ganglion 副交感神经Parasympathet

35、ic nerve 椎旁神经节Paravertebral ganglion 盆丛Pelvic plexus 盆内脏神经Pelvic splanchnic nerve 咽丛Pharyngeal plexus 内脏神经丛Plexus of visceral nerve 节后纤维Postganglionic fiber 节后神经元Postganglionic neruron 节前纤维Preganglionic fiber 节前神经元Preganglionic neuron 星状神经节Stellate ganglion 锁骨下动脉丛Subclavian plexus 颈上神经节Superior cerv

36、ical ganglion 肠系膜上神经节Superior mesenteric ganglion 交感干Sympathetic trunk 交感神经Sympathetic nerve 胸神经节Thoracic ganglia 植物神经系统Vegetative nervous system 椎动脉丛Vertebral plexus 内脏运动神经Visceral motor nerve 内脏神经系统Visceral nervous system 内脏感觉神经Visceral sensory nerve 白交通支White communicating branches 神经系统传导路听辐射Acou

37、stic radiationg 肾上腺能通路Adrenergic pathway 胺能通路Aminergic patheway 听觉传导通路Auditory pathway 丘脑中央辐射Central radiation of thalamus 化学通路Chemical pathways 胆碱能通路Cholinergic pathway 传导通路Conductive pathway 皮质核束Corticonuclear tract 皮质脊髓束Corticospinal tract 多巴胺能通路Dopaminergic pathway 平衡觉传导通路Equilibrium pathway 锥体外

38、系Extrapyramidal system 最后公路Final common pathway 一般内脏感觉传导通路General visceral sensory pathway 核下瘫Infranuclear paralysis 下运动神经元Lower motor neuron 运动（下行）传导通路Motor (descending) pathway 震颤麻痹Parkinsons disease 瞳孔对光反射Pupillary light reflex pathway 锥体束Pyramidal tract锥体系Pyramidal system 感觉（上行）传导通路Sensory (asce

39、nding) pathway 特殊内脏感觉传导通路Special visceral sensory pathway 核上瘫Supranuclear paralysis 上运动神经元Upper motor neuron 视觉传导通路Visual pathway 脑与脊髓的被膜、血管及脑脊液循环大脑前动脉Anterior cerebral artery 脉络丛前动脉Anterior choroid artery 前交通动脉Anterior communicating artery 小脑下前动脉Anterior inferior cerebellar artery 脊髓前动脉Anterior spi

40、nal artery 蛛网膜粒Arachnoid granulations 基底动脉Basilar artery 血-脑屏障（BBB）Blood-brain barrier 海绵窦Cavernous sinus 小脑镰Cerebellar falx 小脑延髓池Cerebellomedullary cistern 脑蛛网膜Cerebral arachnoid mater 大脑动脉环（Willis 环）Cerebral arterial circle 硬脑膜Cerebral dura mater 软脑膜Cerebral pia mater 脑脊液（CSF）Cerebral spinal fluid

41、 脑脊液-脑屏障Cerebrospinalfliud-brain barrier窦汇Confluence of sinuses 齿状韧带Denticulate ligament 鞍膈Diaphragma sellae 硬膜外隙Epidural space 大脑大静脉（Galen静脉）Great cerebral vein 下矢状窦Inferior sagittal sinus 颈内动脉Internal carotid artery 大脑中动脉Middle cerebral artery 后交通动脉Posterior communicating artery 脊髓后动脉Posterior spi

42、nal artery 小脑下后动脉Posterior inferior cerebellar artery 乙状窦Sigmoid sinus 硬脑膜窦Sinuses of dura mater 脊髓蛛网膜Spinal arachoid mater 硬脊膜Spinal dura mater 软脊膜Spinal pia mater 直窦Straight sinus 蛛网膜下池Subarachnoid cisterns 蛛网膜下隙Subarachnoid space 上矢状窦Superior sagittal sinus 小脑幕Tentorium of cerebellum 终池Terminal cistern 横窦Transverse sinus 椎动脉Vertebral artery 第 27 页