2022年外研版高中英语必修三知识点-语法总结.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_必修三学问点汇总Module 1 Europe 重要短语： because of 由于thanks to 由于.多亏了due to/owing to 由于as a result of 由于 的结果be covered by/with be known for/as/tomake A out of B 用 B 制成 A make A into B/be made of work on 从事 /做 工作.忙于have in commoncompare A with/and B 比较 A 和 B compare to 把 比作 .refer to 参考 /指的是 /涉及/适用于hav

2、e control over/of 对 有掌握权beyond control 无法掌握under control 被掌握住out of control 失去掌握in the control of由 掌握/治理 /负责lose control of 对 失去掌握have a population of 有多少人口little by little慢慢的in one s thirtiesin the long/short term 就长 /短期而言come to terms=make terms 达成协议,和好可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_compared with/to belo

3、ng to与 比较起来bring sb. to terms 使某人接收条件be on good/bad terms with sb. 与某人交情好 /不好可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_increasereduce to/bybe faced with 面临,面对off the coast 在离开海面的 海岸上ever since 自从 /始终可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_on the one /other hand 一方面 /另一方面be located in=lie in=be situated in坐落于There+be/exist/lie/stand/

4、appear+ 主 有 存在keep a cool head 保持头脑清醒lose one s h惊ea慌d 失措,失去理智head for 朝着 前进（ be）opposite to 在对面,与 相反just the opposite 恰恰相反get into a difficult situation陷入困难的状况get out of a difficult situation摆脱困难的状况save the situation 挽回局势可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_in terms of 依据/从 方面来说 /从 的观点face to facealong the coas

5、t重要句型：1. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数最. .之一2. Portugal is to the west of Spain.表示位置 : A is/lies in/on/to/off the+ 方向 +of BA is located/situated in/on/to/off the+ 方向 +of B位置 +距离 : A is about+ 距离 +（ to the）+方向 +of Bin ,on 和to 表的理方位的区分（1）表示 A 在 B 的范畴内

6、（ 2）强调 A 和 B 两的接壤时,用 on.（ 3）A 在 B 的范畴之外,两者之间没有所属关系时用to.如： Our school is to the west of the hospital. 我们学校在医院的西面.3. on the coast 和 off the coaston 表示“位于河畔或铁路,大路及海岸等沿线上”. off 表示“稍离陆的,在沿岸的海里”.如：4. 表示倍数的四种句型：1） This bridge is 3 times longer than that one. 这座桥比那座桥长3 倍.2 This bridge is 4 times as long as

7、that one 这座桥是那座桥的4 倍长.3） A is times the size/length/width/height/depth of BThis room is 3 times the size of that one. 这间房间的大小是那间的3 倍.4 A + v. times as many/much + n.+ as B可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The factory has produced 3 times as many cars as it did last year. 这个厂今年的汽车产量是去年的3 倍.语法要求：一： 一般现在时和一般过去时的

8、被动语态被动语态由 “ be+及物动词的过去分词 +by ”构成. 被动语态发生时态变化时只变be 形式, 过去分词不变.现在时被动语态：am/ is/ are +过去分词过去时被动语态：was/ were +过去分词二：主谓一样：本单元主要强调其次个原就语法一样原就.句子的主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式.主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式.留意： 1 something, everybody, nobody , either, neither, each 等不定代词作主语时,谓语需用单数.2 当主语后面跟有 with, together with, along with, as well as,

9、 like, including, except, rather than, but,等时,谓语动词的单复数形式仍旧要与这些词语前面的主语保持一样.3） 表示时间,重量,长度,价格等的复数名词,作主语从整体来看时,谓语动词用单数.4） 非谓语动词,从句或其他短语作主语,谓语动词用单数形式.例如： Early to bed and early to rise is healthful.5） 假如主语是由 and 连接的两个单数名词, 但前面有 each, every, no 等词修饰时, 谓语用单数. 例如： Every boy and girl in this region is taught

10、 to read and write.6 谓语动词用单数的情形：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_many a, more than one,Every and every,n/o and no /each and each 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_one and a half, a or two,a/the and 指同一人、事物或概念the number ofagreat deal of / a large amount of2. 意义一样原就.1一些集合名词,如： family, enemy, class, population, army 等作主语

11、时,谓语动词的单复数要依据实际含义而定.当表示整体意义时,用单数.当强调个体成员时,用复数.如：2） 由 there 或 here 引起的主语,而又不止是一个时,实行就近原就.例如： Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_3. 邻近性原就. neither nor, either or, not only b连ut接al两so个, o名r 引导的句子,并且主语不止一个时,谓语动词通常与邻近它的主语保持一样.词或代词作主语时.由there, here可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下

12、载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Module 2 重要短语：agree to the plan suggestion, proposal 同意（建议, 支配）measure sth in/by sth 用 来衡量agree with sb. 同意某人的观点或看法,适合getbe close to 靠近,接近,即将发生as a result of 由于as a result 结果result in 导致result from 由引起in/during the last ten years receive a good education be willing t

13、o do sth.make comparisons 作比较be connected withat the top of /at the bottom of live with与.住/忍耐up to 直到/到 为止 /多达make progress 进步be similar to 与 相像agree on/upon sth 达成协议一样看法make efforts/ an effort to do sth.努力做某事spare no effort 不遗余力 with/withouteffort 费劲的 /毫不费劲的encourage sb to do sthtake measures to do

14、 实行措施be crowded with 布满,满是in exchange for 交换achieve ones goalon a high/low income 高/低收入income tax 个人 所得税with the development ofunder development 在进展中figure out 算出/ 解决/懂得/弄明白be up to=be fit for胜任,适合于share sth. with sb.与某人共享share insth.共享life expectancy 预期寿命 ;平均寿命可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_重要句型：1.be be i

15、mportant to sb.of+ 抽象名词 =be+该名词的同根形容词eg. His advice is of value to us. = valuableThis dictionary is of great use. =useful What he said is of importance for you. = important2.till：直到up to sthbe fit for：胜任 Li Ping is not up to his job. be busy in doing sth：忙着做 be up to sb=be left to sb to decide：由 打算

16、/ 负责3. sure1 make sure 表示 “务必 ”, “确信 ”, “弄明白 ”,后面常接of/about sth. 或 that 引导的宾语从句.Make surethat you will arrive there on time.你务必准时到这.I know there s a train this afternoon, but I must makee soufrthe time.2） be sure of, be sure that 对有把握,对 确定,确信Can we be sure of his honesty. /Can we be sure that he is

17、honest. I m sure of winning the game.3 be sure to do 说话人估计主语 “肯定.必定会 ”或 常用于祈使句 务必做某事He is sure to be back soon. 他肯定会很快回来.Be sure not to forget it.千万别忘了.留意： be sure of 与 be sure to do 的区分：.He is sure of his success. =He is sure that he will succeed.他确信他会胜利.He is sure to succeed. 他肯定会胜利. 说话人的看法 . Be s

18、ure to write and tell me all your news.务必来信把你全部情形都告知我.另外,常见的与 sure 相关的短语仍有： be sure of oneself 有自信心, for sure 的确.的确的,sure enough 果可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_真,果真. 用于口语,此时的“Sure.相”当于 “Of course.4. From the agreement came the Human Development Report.与”“Certainly. .”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示方位或方式的副词和介词短

19、语放在句首用完全倒装, 即谓语动词完全置于主语之前.At the foot of the mountain lies a small village. Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去.Here comes the bus. 车来了. To the south of our school stand many shops.【部分倒装】only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,放于句首否定副词 never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom等放于句首 so+adj/adv+ 倒装 + that1. Only when he return

20、ed did we find out the truth We found out the truth only when he returned.2. Never before have I seen such a moving film.I have never seen such a moving film before3. So clearly does he speakEnglish that he can always make himself understood.He speaks English so clearly that5 S.+ be + adj. + to doea

21、sy/ good/ safe/comfortable/ dangerous/hard/ difficult1.The water is not pure to drink drink2.He needs a chair comfortable to sit on.sit 3.The young man felt the room cold to live in live语法要求：but 和 however 的联系和区分however 作副词用时 ,表示 “然而.但是 ”可,以位于句首、句中和句末.位于句首时,要用逗号与句子其它部分可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_隔开.位于句中时

22、 ,其前后都要用逗号.位于句末时其前用逗号分开 .however 与 but 两者都做 “但是 ,然而 ”讲,而且都引出并列句 .从语义上看 ,but 所表示的是特别明显的对比 ,转折的意味较 however 要强 .从语序上看 ,but 总是位于所引出的分句之首 ,而 however 却可位于句首、句中和句末 , 同时从标点符号上看 ,but 之后一般不得使用逗号 ,而 however 就必需用逗号与句子其它部分分开 .2. although 引导状语从句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Module3重要短语 :pick upat sea迷茫on average natura

23、l disastercatch fire 失火/ 着火pour down 倾泻而下set fire to 放火烧manage to do sth.put out 熄灭report on 报道 fall downin ruins 严峻受损,破败不堪fall into ruin已成废墟 bring sb. to ruin 毁灭某人end up 到达或来到某处end up with sth. 以某事作为终止end up doing sth.以做某事为终止bury oneself in sth. 埋头于、用心致志于某事物be buried in 埋头于,用心致志于from side to side i

24、n all 总共,合计not at all 一点也不,别客气after all 究竟,终究above all 第一,特别是first of all第一come to an end 终止,完结turn over 移交 ; 翻转according to take placea total of 总数为sth.occurs to sb.某事被某人想起it occurs to sb. + that-clause 某人突然想到 it occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想到做某事on the same latitude 在同一纬度warn sb. notto do sth. 警告某

25、人（不）干某事warn sb. of sth. 警告某人当心某事be experienced in/at 在方面有体会可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_重要句型 :1.A good idea suddenly struck me.我突然想到一个好想法strike sb.+介词 +the +详细部位 打某人的某个部位eg. strike him on the back 打某人的背hit sb in the face 打某人的脸pat sb on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀be struck by 被所打动,被 迷住【留意区分】 strike,hit,beat,knock

26、strike “钟 敲打,撞击,突击”, 表示有力的打一下.beat 连续的打,心脏的跳动,在嬉戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方,也可表示殴打,体罚.wordsmeaningsoccurhappen偶然发生.突然想起It occurred to sb. that.偶然发生.碰巧It happened that/ sb. happen to do sth.hit 瞄准某物而击中.也可表示“突击 ” knock用拳头或硬的东西“敲、击、打 2.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_break outtake place战争、火灾、疾病、争执 突然爆发有方案的 发生;举办3. There was

27、the possibility of It is possible that 语法要求：1. by the time 意为“到 时候（为止） ”,是一个介词短语,在句中常常起连词作用,引导时间状语从句.它的主要用法如下：1). 假如从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时,那么主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时,表示“截止到从句动作发生时,主句动作已经完成,即过去的过去”.By the time did , sb. had done sth.By the time he returned home , the rain had stopped.2). 假如从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时/或现在完成时 （表示将

28、来） ,那么主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时, 表示“截止到将来某一时间为止,主句动作将已经完成”.By the time do/does , sb. will have done sth.By the time you get back ,I shall have finished the work.3). 假如主句动作不强调已经完成, 只是说明某个时候的状况, （主句是 be 的系表形式或者是表示像know, find, believe 等表示认知的连续性动词,就往往用一般时态,不用完成时态.）此时主句不用完成时,而应依据实 际需要选用适当的时态,此时by the time 相当于 when

29、. 例如：He was out of breath by the time he reached the top.登上顶端时,他气喘吁吁.2. 过去完成时的被动语态：had+过去分词3. 间接引语.英语中常用两种方式引用别人的话.一种是直接引述别人的原话,把它放在引号内,叫直接引语.另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语.假如把直接引语变为间接引语,从句中的人称、时态、代词、时间状语和的点状语等一般都要作相应的转变.3. 定语从句.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Module 4重要短语cut out 剪除;切掉 ;割掉cut up 切碎;使难过cut of 切断 ;停掉;

30、 隔绝be caught in 被困在 风、雨、雪 中catch up with 赶上 ;跟上catch hold of 抓住,握住catch sight of 观察take away 带走take off脱下 ,拿掉 ,起飞take on 承担take up 举起,开头做 ;占据give up 舍弃complain to sb 向 诉苦/发牢骚complain about/of sth 埋怨某事one after another 一个接一个look through 认真检查be part of 成为 的一部分masses of/a mass of 很多 ,大量cut in 插嘴cut dow

31、n 砍掉 ;消减dig up 挖出walk up to 熟悉到 /意识到sweep away 扫除 /清除 /冲走 /刮走take in 吸入（空气） ;欺诈 ;体会 ;收容give out 分发 ;发出 气味、热气 .用完give in 屈服 ;让步 ,投降give off 送出 ;发出（光等） give away 赠送 ;舍弃 ;泄漏 ;出卖have an effect on the masses群众 ,平民in the mass 大体而论 ,总体上a weather forecast 天气预报give/make a forecast 预言 ,预报solve problemsif poss

32、ible 假如可能可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_if any 假如有的话if necessary 假如需要的话if so 假如是这样的话prevent/stop/keep fromdoingin a nutshell/ in a word/ in brief/ in short一言以蔽之if ever 假如曾经有的话if not 不这样的话think seriously about 认真考虑be concerned with/in 与 有关as far as sth.is concerned 就某事而言可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_be concerned

33、for/about/over对关心 ,担忧,担忧可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_重要句型1. appear to似乎,似乎 / It appears that可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ He is only forty , but appears to be be quite old. It appears to me thatThe girl appears to have known know it.这女孩似乎已经知道了这件事.It appears to me that you are all mistaken.我觉得你们全错了.2.wordsmean

34、ingsstrength着重指人的力气,物的强度.force自然力气.暴力,势力.法律,道德,感情力气.军事力气等energy主要指人的精力.自然界的能量power用途最广,包括才能,功能.事物的力气.职权,权力或政权3. so that / such that引导结. 果状语从句【留意】 1such 与 so2little 少/小3当 so 或 such 置于句首时,主句要用倒装语序.The boy was so frightened that he didn t know what to do.改为倒装句： So frightened was the boy that he didnt k

35、now what to do.4.I couldn t agree with you more / it couldn t be worse if possible语法要求：一： to do 不定式一结构 : to do 否定 not to do 二不定式的各种时态主动语态被动语态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing-完成式to have doneto have been done完成进行式to have been doing-三用法1. 主To see is to believe.It s important to lear用n . it 作形式主语 . 2. 表

36、My job is to help the patient.Your task is to clean the classroom.3 宾可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_I want to go home.think/ consider/ find /make/feel it + adj.+ to do常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope, refuse, learn, set out choose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. 4. 宾warn, tell, allow, help, ask, forceThe teacher

37、 told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help.五看 watchseelook atobservenotice三使 letmakehave二听 listen tohear一感觉 : feel不定式用在介词 but, except, besides 后时 ,假如这些介词前有行为动词do 的各种形式 ,那么介词后的不定式不带 to, 相反就带 to.She could do nothing but cry.I have no choice but to go.What do you like to do bes

38、ides sleep.注：在 cant but, cant help but, cant choose but（意思是不得不,只能,只好） , 的结构后, 不定式不带 to5. 定语I have something to say.假如不定式中的动词是不及物动词,就不定式中要有介词 .不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词的后面,而且放在其他后置定语之后.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：. 动宾关系I have a lot of work to do. 我有很多工作要做. 主谓关系He is always the first to come. 他总是第一个来. 同位关系We all have a

39、 chance to go to college. 我们都有上高校的机会.不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的的点工具等,即使是及物动词,不定式后面仍须有相应的介词.不定式所修饰的名词假如是time, place 或 way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去.He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没的方住.something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语.留意比较：Do you have anything to send. 你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send 的动作执行者是 yo

40、u） Do you have anything to be sent. 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式 to be sent 的动作执行者是已被省略的me 或 someone else）6 状I came here to see you.in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too .to., 7. 独立结构To tell the truth, I don t agree with you.to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth不定式与疑问词 who,which, when, ho

41、w, what等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He didn t know what to sa他y.不知道说什么.宾语 Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.如 何 解 决 这 个 问 题 很 重 要 . 主 语 My question is when to start. 我的问题是什么时候开头.表语 留意：在与 why 连用时,只用于 why 或 why not 开头的简短疑问句中, 后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to.Why not have a rest.固定句型 :had better/h

42、ad best + not do sth.最好（不）做某事Why not do sth.prefer to do/prefer doingprefern./doing to n./doingprefer to do rather thanto dowould rather not do sth.would rather do than dowould rathersb. did（虚拟语气）要做1.They pretended not to see us.一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎 /发生在它之后 . 2. He pretended to be sleeping.在谓语动词发生的同时 ,不

43、定式的动作也正在进行 3.She pretended to have known it before.完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前4.We re happy to have been working with you.完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作始终在进行而且可能之后也连续可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Module 5重要短语：be related to 与.有关be equal to 等于human beingbe born good 人之初 ,性本善tell the time 报时bring up 哺育 ,训练 ;提出;呕吐a sense of res

44、ponsibility 责任感make sense有意义 ,讲的通There is no sense in doing sth 做某事不明智 / 没意义reach /arrive at/ draw/ come to a conclusion得出结in conclusion 最终,总之make a contribution to in some ways 在某些方面lay stress on sth. 强调某事put stress on sth.bring down 使倒下 ,消减bring back 复原 ,使想起bring in 收 庄稼 ; 引进be at war with 与 .交战live a n lifefollow / take one s advice make sense of 懂,懂得论place stress on sth.stress the importance ofhave an influence on/upon sth. 对某事有影响influence sb. to do sth.影响某人做某事可编辑资料 - - -