初级中学讲一般过去时课程软件(PPT).ppt

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1、一般过去时态,什么是一般过去时？,动词的一般过去时态表示过去发生的 动作、情况或存在的状态。,行为动词(即实义动词)的过去式没有人称 和数的变化。,I _ 12 years old this year.,我去年11岁.,I _ 11 years old last year.,He _ in Beijing now.,他昨天在上海。,He _ in Shanghai yesterday.,他现在在北京。,Please look at the sentences,我今年12岁.,am,was,is,was,They _ in China today.,他们今天在中国。,They _ in Japa

2、n yesterday.,他们昨天在日本。,are,were,am/ is,was,are,were,每天，早餐我吃鸡蛋和牛奶。,I _ eggs and milk for breakfast every morning.,昨天，早餐我吃面条。,I _ noodles for breakfast yesterday morning.,他每天都吃水果。,He _ fruit every day.,昨天他吃了3个苹果。,He _ 3 apples yesterday.,have/ has,had,have,has,had,had,I get up at 6:30 every morning. I

3、_ up at 9:00 last Sunday.,He plays football every afternoon. He _ basketball yesterday afternoon.,He does his homework every evening. He _ some reading last night.,动词原形、第三人称单数,动词过去式,got,played,did,They dont watch TV in the evening. They _ TV last night.,She doesnt play basketball after school. She _

4、 basketball after school yesterday.,Do you go to school on foot every day? _ you _ to school on foot yesterday.,Does he go to school by bus every day? _ he _to school by bus yesterday?,dont/ doesnt,do/ does,didnt,did,didnt watch,didnt play,Did,Did,go,go,谓语构成,1.动词 be 2.动词 have, has 3.助动词do, does 4.行为

5、动词用过去式,was , were,had,did,一般过去时以动词的过去式来表示，没有人称和数的变化.(was,were除外),I went to school yesterday. They went to school yesterday.,一般过去时的谓语构成：由动词的过去式构成,规则变化 1.一般加ed,2.以e结尾加d,3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed .,work ,worked,change ,changed,prefer ,preferred,stop ,stopped,4.以辅音字母加y 结尾的词,先改 y为 i,再加ed,study ,

6、studied,5.不规则变化.(见不规则动词表P102),规则动词过去式-ed的发音,1.在以清辅音结尾的规则动词后, -ed读作/ t /,work /w3:k/,ed,t/,2.在以浊辅音或原音结尾的规则动词后, -ed读作/d /,play /pleI /,live /lIv /,ed,d/,ed,d/,3.在以/t/或/d/结尾的规则动词后, -ed读作/Id /,visit /vIzIt /,ed,Id/,finished enjoyed shouted moved,helped wanted called needed,/t/,/d/,/Id/,/d/,/d/,/t/,/Id/,

7、/Id/,1 一般过去时的构成 一般过去时是用动词的过去式来表示。 His words fetched a laugh from all present. 他的话使在场的人都笑了。 I did not sleep well last night. 我昨晚没睡好。 Did you direct the tourist to the hotel? 你告诉这位游客去旅馆的路了吗？,1.表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态 He suddenly fell ill yesterday. 昨天他突然生病了。 The engine stopped because the fuel was used

8、up. 发动机因燃料用光而停机了。 注意： 在一般过去时的句子中，通常都要有表示过去的时间状语。,用法,【误】I visited the Palace Museum.（在没有上下文的情况下，应避免这样说） 【正】I visited the Palace Museum last year. 去年我参观过故宫博物院。 【正】I have visited the Palace Museum.,2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作和存在的状态,常与often，always等表示频度的时间状语连用：,I often got up very early at that time.,I wrote home o

9、nce a week at college. 我上大学时每周给家里写一封信。 He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood. 他童年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯。,提示： 表示过去的习惯性动作，除了用过去式外，还可以用used to或would来表示。 She used to study late into the night when she was in Senior Three. 她上高三时经常学习到深夜。 He would sit for hours doing nothing. 过去他常常一坐几个钟头什么事也不做

10、。,3.表示已故人所做的事情。,Comrade Lei Feng did good deeds in his life. 雷锋同志做了一生的好事。,4. 表示过去连续所发生的一系列的动作,而这一系列的动作是从现在的角度来考虑的,不是从动作相互之间的关系这一角度来考虑的。,Miss Liu got up at seven oclock this morning, dressed, had breakfast, and went to work.,She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.

11、她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。 The students got up early in the morning, did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open air. 学生们很早起床，做早操，然后在室外朗读英语。,一般过去时的特殊用法： a. 在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态 Its time we went. 是我们该走的时候了。 I wish I were twenty years younger. 但愿我年轻20岁。 I would rather you didnt do anyth

12、ing for the time being. 我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。 b. 在口语中，一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。 I wondered if you could give me a hand. 我想请你帮个忙。 Might I come and see you tonight? 我想今晚来看你，好吗？,1.与ago 连用： a moment two minutes three hours five days one week six months four years,ago,用于一般过去时的时间状语,last,time night week month term Monday,

13、yesterday,morning afternoon evening,the day before yesterday,2.与last 连用,3.与yesterday 连用：,4.与one 连用：,one,morning evening day Monday afternoon,5.与that 连用：,that,morning winter day year,just now in the old days in those days in 1980 the other day once upon a time,6.其他时间状语：,行为动词一般过去时的否定式,一般过去时的否定式是在动词原形前

14、加助动词did not (didnt).,主语+didnt+动词原形,I _ them the news.,I _ (tell) them the news yesterday.,didnt tell,told,行为动词一般过去时的疑问式,一般过去时的一般疑问式在句首加助动词did,Did+主语+动词原形？,They _(finish) their work at four. 一般疑问句:,_ they _ their work at four? Yes, they _. No, they _.,finished,Did,finish,did,didnt,T,注意,1.外加助动词did后,动词

15、须返回原形。,Did he went to school yesterday? Did he go to school yesterday?,F,2.简略回答用助动词did/didnt代替行为动词。,Did he find the boy yesterday? Yes, he did. No, he did not (didnt).,行为动词一般过去时的疑问式,一般过去时的特殊疑问式,疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？,They finished their work at four.,A,B,对划线部分提问 A: B:,What did they do at four?,When did th

16、ey finish their work?,一般现在时和一般过去时的比较： 一般现在时要和现在时间相联系，而一般过去时和说话的“现在”不相联系。 His father is a film director. 他父亲是电影导演。（他现在还是） His father was a film director. 他父亲曾是电影导演。（他现在不是） How do you like the novel? 你觉得这部小说怎么样？（还在看小说） How did you like the novel? 你觉得这部小说怎么样？（已看完小说）,1. look 2. live 3. stop 4. hope 5. t

17、rip 6. call 7. eat 8. want 9. Say 10.See 11.put,12.read13.take 14.buy 15. Sing 16. Hear 17. Make 18. Find 19.break 20.Think,21.fall 22.write,写出下列动词的过去式,1. look 2. live 3. stop 4. hope 5. trip 6. call 7. eat 8. want 9. Say 10.see,11. put 12.read13.take 14.buy 15. Sing 16. Hear 17. Make 18. Find 19.br

18、eak 20.think,looked,lived,stopped,hoped,tripped,ate,wanted,said,saw,put,read,took,called,bought,sang,heard,made,found,broke,thought,The answers:,21.fall 22.write,fell,wrote,Exercises,1.I _ the number down on a piece of paper a moment ago. A. write B. writed C. wrote D. writing 2. Everything _ ready

19、before Father came. A. were B. was C. is D. are,3.He always _me last term. A. helped B. helps C. helping D. help,_ you _ (remember) to buy the oranges? 2.Who _ (invent) the computer. 3.We _ (go) to the cinema last night. The film _ (be) very good. 4.What time _ you _ (get) to school this morning? 5.

20、Jim _ (do) a lot yesterday. He _ (go) shopping and _ (cook) supper.,用动词的适当时态填空,6. He usually _ (get) up at 6 in the morning. Look! He _ (get) up now. But yesterday he _ (get) up very late, so he _ (go) to school late. He _ (be) late for school.,1.Lucy did her homework at home. (改否定句) Lucy _ _ her homework at home. 2.He found some meat in the fridge. (变一般疑问句) _ he _ _ meat in the fridge? 3.She stayed there for a week. (对划线部分提问) _ _ _ she _ there? 4.There was some orange in the cup. (变一般疑问句) _ there _ orange in the cup?,didnt do,Did,find any,How long did,stay,Was,any,