2022年英语语法总复习状语从句归纳总结 .docx
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1、精品_精品资料_英语语法状语从句的归纳总结在复合句中修饰主句或主句中的某一成分的从句叫状语从句.状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导,有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来.状语从句依据它表达的意思不同, 可分为时间、 的点、缘由、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等九类.一、 时间状语从句时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句.可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多,依据意义和主从句之间的时间关系,通常可分为以下几种情形:A. when, while, as, wheneverwhen, while, as 表示主句谓语作和从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生.1. whenwhen 表示点时间时,
2、从句中用短暂性动词.表示段时间时,用连续性动词.When Igot home, my familywere already having dinner.我到家的时候,全家已在吃晚饭.(when 表示点时间)When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_当他们仍在说笑的时候, 老师进来了.(when 表示段时间)He waved a hello when he saw her.当他观察她的时候, 就挥手打了个招呼.(when 表示点时间)When you think y
3、ou know nothing, you begin to know something.当你认为自己一无所知的时候,就开头知道一些事情了.(when 表示段时间)留意:当 when 意思是正值 时候(and at that momen)t 时,when 只能跟在前一分句之后.He was about to go to bed when the doorbel rang.他刚要上床,突然门铃响了.They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.他们正看着世界杯竞赛,突然灯灭了.They had just ar
4、rived home when it began to rain.他们刚到家,天就开头下雨了.有时 when 表示虽然,尽管的含义,相当于 although或 since.He walks when he might take a taxi.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_尽管可以打的,但他仍是步行.How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none既然你不宽恕别人, 你自己又怎能期望得到别人的宽恕了?2. whilewhile 通常表示一段时间,从句中宜用连续性动词作谓语.Strike while the iron i
5、s hot.趁热打铁.She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper.她在看报的时候睡着了.while 有时可以作并列连词, 表示对比,可译成 而 .I am fond of English while he likes maths.我喜爱英语而他却喜爱数学.We slept while the captain kept watch.我们睡觉而上尉担任戒备.while 有时可引导让步状语从句,意思是虽然.While they love te children, they are strict with them. 虽然他们都爱他们的孩子,
6、但却对他们要求严格.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_提示:虽然 during 与 while 意思很相近,但是during 是介词,不能引导从句.3. asas 表示点时间时,从句中用短暂性动词.表示段时 间时,用连续性动词. as 和 when 两者常常可以通用.The thief was caught as when he was stealing in thesupermarket.小偷在超市行窃时被逮住了.I saw Jim as when he left the meeting room.吉姆离开会议室时候我看到了他.as 表示 一边 一边 ,强调从句和主句中两个动作
7、交替进行或同步进行.They talked as they walked.他们边走边聊.He looked behind from time to time as he went.他一边走,一边不时的往后看.as 表示随着As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越暖了.As spring warms the earth, al flowers begin to bloom.随着春回大的,百花开头绽放.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4. when, while, as 的用法区分只有当从句表示的是
8、段时间,即其谓语动词有连续性特点时,这三者可以通用互换.I got the news on the radio when while as I was having breakfast.我在吃早饭的时候从收音机里获悉这一消息.在以下情形下,三者彼此之间不能替换使用:aas 更强调同一时间或紧接的一前一后或相伴着的变化.We listened to the singer sing as he played the guitar.我们听着歌星边弹吉它边演唱.I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.你一张嘴我就知道你要说什幺As he grew o
9、lder, he became less and less active随着他年龄的增长,他变得越来越不活泼了.提示:状语从句可放在主句之前或之后, 放在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开.有时可置于主句中间,前后用逗号.bwhen 更强调特定时间,仍可表示从句中的动作先于或后于主句的动作.When I had given Marythe spare ticket, I found my可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_own already gone.当我把余外的票给了玛丽时,我才发觉我自己的票已 不知去向.(从句动作发生在主句之前, 留意主从句的时态)When I finally
10、 got there, he meeting had been on for ten minutes.当我最终赶到那里时, 会议已开头特别钟了.(从句动作发生在主句之后,留意时态)cwhile 从句只能表示连续的动作或状态或主从句中动作的对比.She thought I was talking about her daughter, while infact, I was talkingabout my daughter.她以为我在谈论她女儿,而事实上,我在谈论我的女儿.d如表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时, 用 as 场合多于 when.Ashe finishedhis speech, the
11、 audience burst into applause.他终止讲话时,观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声.5. wheneverwhenever 是 when 的强势语,它描述的不是一次性动作,而是常常发生的习惯性动作.You are always welcome whenever you come.无论你何时来都欢迎.Whenever we met with diffiulties, they came to help us.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_每当我们遇上困难的时候,他们就来帮我们.B. before, after1. beforebefore 表示在一段时间之前.I
12、must finish all the work beforego home.回家之前我必需干完全部的活.You must first learn to walk before you try to run.在想要跑以前,你得先学会走.He had learned English for three years before he went to London.他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语.提示:before 从句往往带有否定的含义.He ran off before I could stop him. 我仍没来得及阻挡他,他就跑掉了.Take it down berore you forget
13、 it.趁着仍没遗忘的时候就记录下来.必背:before 常用句型 ItiswaswillbeIt wil be five years before we meet again.五年以后我们才能再见.It willbe not long before you regret what you have可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_done.不用过多久你就会对你所作所为感到懊悔的.It was not long before I realized I was wrong.不久我就意识到我错了.It was minutes before the police arrived.过了几
14、分钟警察才到.2. afterafter 表在一段时间之后.Lets play football after school is over.放学后我们踢足球吧.The sun came out soon after the storm stopped.暴风雨过后不久,太阳出来了.C. till, until1untiltill用于确定句时,表示直到为止,主句必需为连续性动词.We shall wait untiltill he comes back.我们将始终等到他回来.留意它们的拼写 Everything went well untiltill that accident happened.
15、 直到发生那意外之前,一切都正常.2 表示直到才 ,主句通常要用短暂动词,这时 until 和 till 可用 before 代替.I didnt leave untiltillbefore she came back.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_直到她回来,我才离开的.Bells dont ring till until you strike them.铃不打不响.Peopl do not know the value of their health tilluntil before they lose it.人们直至失去了健康才知其珍贵.3当 not until 位于句
16、首时,主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序.Not until she stopped crying did I leave.直到她不哭了,我才离开的.留意:until 引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后,但 till 从句一般不放在句首.4在强调句型中一般只能用 until ,不用 till .Itwas not until she took off her drk glasses that I recognized her.直到她摘下墨镜,我才认出她.D. since, ever since1. since 自 以来.表示动作从过去某一点时间始终连续到说话时间为止.主句中通常为连续性动词的现
17、在完成时, since 从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时.It has been just a week since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚刚一星期.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Where haveyou been since I last saw you自上次我见过你之后,你去了哪里?Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps.她自年轻时起就始终集邮至今.提示:有时 since 从句中也可以用连续性动词, 留意它的译法.Tom is now working on the farm.Its
18、two years since he was a college student.汤姆现在农场上班,他高校毕业已有两年了.2. ever since 从那时起直至现在,此后始终.表示说话者强调主句动作或状态连续时间长, 语气比 since 强.Ever since they got married in 1950, they have lived happily.自一九五零年结婚以来,他们始终生得很幸福.3. since 仍可以用作副词或介词.The big clock was damaged during the war and hasbeen sien(tever)since.这只大钟在战
19、争中损坏了,从今就始终不响了.My uncle went to Tibet in the 1950s. He has been living there(ever)since.我叔叔五十岁月就去了西藏, 从那以后他始终生活在可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_那里.You have made great achievements in your work since graduation.你们自毕业以来已经在工作中取得了庞大成就.E. as soon asas soon as.可. 译为一 就 ,用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的.He will come and see you
20、as soon as he can.他一有空就来看你.He rushed home as soon as he got the good news.他一得到这个好消息就奔回家.必背:一 就 仍可以用 onupon doing 结构来表示.On arriving home he called up Lester.= As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester.他一到家就给莱斯特打电话.F. immediately instantlydirectly相当于 as soon as,从句中用一般过去时态.They phoned her immedia
21、tely they reached home.他一到家立刻就给她打了电话.I recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of her.我一观察她就把她认出来了.We came directly we got your telephone.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_我们一接到你的电话就赶来了.G. the moment, the minute, the instant, the second 这几个名词短语也可用作连词, 直接引导时间状语从句, 表示一 就 .He said hed turn on TV th moment he
22、 got home.他说他一到家就打开电视机.Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives.告知他,他一到我就要见他.The second the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom.铃一响,同学就冲出了教室.H 这两个短语都表示刚 就 ,可以互换,主句通常用去完成时.He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick.他刚动身就想起家来.He had hardly started his speech when someon
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