2022年英语名词性从句知识归纳 .docx

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1、精品_精品资料_名词性从句学问归纳名词性从句是指在句子中相当于名词的从句,主要包括主语从句、 宾语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句.名词性从句不是修饰性从句,而是复合句中的主干.e.g. That the boy failed again in the examdisappointed his mother.（主语从句）I know that he is writing his composition in his room. （宾语从句）The question ishow we can finish it on time. （表语从句）The factthat some Chinese are

2、 still pooris really a great problem.（同位语从句） 名词性从句的连接词：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_从句有连接词的作用可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_无疑问含义是否有含义是否是否引导可省从句略是否充当从句中的成分充当从句中的哪种成分可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一般that无无是否无可以Iif （只用于宾语从句中） , whether有“是否 ”是否否无连接词IIas if/as though because （只用于表语从句中）what, who, whom, which, whose, whatev

3、er, whoever,whomever, whichever无有“似乎 ”“由于 ”“什么,谁,哪个, 谁的 ”,“任何事, 任何人,任意哪个 ”是是否否否是无主语,宾语, 表语,定语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_IIIwhen, where, why, how, whenever, wherever“什么时候,的点,为什么, 怎样 ”,“无有论什么时候,无论哪里 ”是否是状语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_一、宾语从句 -及物动词、介词、部分形容词（certain,sure,glad,afraid,frightened, happy, pleased, s

4、ad, sorry, surprised, upset, satisfied等）后e.g. I believethat he is honest.that 不充当从句内的任何成分,一般情形可省略 I m gladthat you are satisfied with your job.that 不充当从句内的任何成分He doesn t careif/whether it isn t a fine dayif./whether不充当从句内的任何成分 Please tell mewhat you want.what 充当从句内的宾语She always thinks ofhow she can

5、work well.how 充当从句内的状语I don t believewhatever he said.whatever充当从句内的宾语,意为“任何事 ”I ll takewhoever wantsto go. whoever从当从句内的主语,意为“任何人 ”【宾语从句要点拓展 】1. that引导宾语从句时一般可以省略,如由 and 或 or 连接两个宾语从句时,第一个从句中的that 可以省略,而其次个分句前的that 不行省略.e.g.Hetold me thattheycouldnotdecidewhattodoandthattheyaskedmy advice.2. whethe

6、r和 if 引导宾语从句一般可以互换使用,但以下情形只能使用whether(1) whether可与 or not 连用 e.g. I want to know whether he will see the film or not.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_(2) 介词宾语从句要用whethere.g. I don t care abouwt hether you have money or not.(3) that 引导的宾语从句只能放于in, except, besides和 but 四个介词后e.g. The Swede stood still,excepttha

7、t his lips moved slightly.3. 转移否定 - 当主句是I/ Wethinkbelieve,consider,expect,suppose,guess, imagine时,其后的宾语从句假如是否定形式,常把从句中的否定词not 转移到主句中.e.g. I don t suppostehat it is his fault, is it.4. 时态问题 - 宾语从句的时态常受到主句时态影响,如主句是现在时或将来时,从句可用任何所需要的时态.如主句是过去时态,从句一般用过去的某种形式,如：一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等.当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,就从

8、句仍用一般现在时态.e.g. I knowthat he didn t tell you what he would come then. We believedthat he had earned enough money to build a house. The teacher told usthat Tom had left us for America.The teacher told usthat the sun rises in the east.5. 一种特别类型的宾语从句-在这种句子里 do you think等意为插入语,但实为主句,因此余下部分应用陈述语序Wh-+ do

9、you think/ believe/ consider/ suppose/ guess/ suggest/ feel/ say+余下部分 .e.g. Wheredo you guessour art festival is to be held.Who do you thinkthe public might choose as their favorite singer this year.二、主语从句 -位于句首,常用it 做形式主语e.g. That he will come and help youis certain. that不充当从句内的任何成分, 不行省略 Whether t

10、here is life on the moonis an interesting question.whether不充当从句内的任何成分,不能用ifWhat he wants to tell us is not clear.what 充当从句内的宾语 Who will win the matchis still unknown.who 充当从句内的主语 Where the English evening will be heldhas not yet been announced.where 充当从句内的状语 Whatever he saidwas right.whatever充当从句内的宾

11、语 It is known to ushow he became a writer.it 为形式主语,代替how 引导的主语从句【主语从句要点拓展 】1. it 做形式主语的结构(1) It s apity/ ashame/ an honor/ a fact/ no wonder/ common sense/ good news that 遗憾的是（荣耀的是、事实是、难怪是、常识是,好消息是 ）e.g. It is a pitythat you didn t attend the lecture yesterday.(2) It cslear/right/true/certain/necess

12、ary/unlikely/important/impossible/ obvious/ remarkable that 很清晰（正确,必要,重要,可能,值得留意等e.g. It is likelythat there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.(3) It is well-known/ reported/ recorded/ estimated/ said/ believed that 众所周知（据报道,据记载,据估量,据说,据人们信任 e.g. It is said that his father left him nothing.(4) It turns o

13、ut/ seems/ appears/ happens/ matters that 结果是 （似乎是 , 碰巧是 , 重要的是 ）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_e.g. It happened to methat I had been away when he called.2. it 做形式主语与 it iswas that 强调句式的区分e.g. It is a pitythat you didn t go to see the film. It is in the morningthatthe murder took place.解题方法： 将 it is/was th

14、at去掉,看余下部分是否完整,如完整即为强调句式.反之为it 作形式主语.三、表语从句 -系动词后（常见系动词：be, look, remain, seem, appear等）e.g. The problem isthatthey can t get here early enough. The question iswhether we can reduce the cost of the product. It looksas if it s going to rai.nThe question iswho which of you will be the next speaker. Wh

15、at he wants to get iswhatever you have.This is where our problem lies.That is why he didn t come to the meeting.四、同位语从句 -抽象名词后（从句对抽象名词进行补充说明或说明说明抽象名词的内容）e.g. The newsthat he had landed on the moonspread all over the world. The thought came to himthat Mary had probably fallen ill.He must answer the q

16、uestionwhether he agrees to it or not.I have no ideawhen he will come back home.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_名词性从句高考趋势与考察重点一、语序问题 -名词性从句内部一律使用陈述语序留意以下句子：e.g. I don t knowwhat is the matter with him.I have no ideawhat was the matter with him.Could you tell uswhat was wrong/ the trouble with him yesterday.

17、二、从句中的虚拟语气问题1. 主语从句：(1) It is important/ natural/ necessary/ essential/ strange/ that should do(2) It is suggested/ advised/ demanded/ ordered/ requested thatshould doe.g. It is important that every student should learna foreign language.It is suggestedthat studentsshouldchecktheiranswersbeforehandi

18、ngin the paper.2. 宾语从句： 在表示“命令、 要求、建议、打算”等意义的动词后的宾语从句常用“（ should）+ do ”【insist （坚持）, order, urge, command（命令）, require, request, demand（要求）,advise, suggest, propose, recommend（建议）】e.g. The commander ordered thattroops should set off at once. The doctor suggested thathe should give up smoking.3. 表语从句

19、：当主句的主语为 order, command, requirement, request, demand, advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation等名词时,表语从句的谓语动词用“ shoulddo”的形式.e.g. My adviceis that youshould takemore physical exercise.4. 同位语从句： 用于说明order,command,requirement,request,demand,advice,suggestion, proposal, recommendation等名词的同位语从句中常用“ sho

20、uld do结”构e.g. English teachers give advicethat weshould makegood use of every chance to speak English.三、连接词的挑选问题1. doubt-doubt用于确定结构时,后面用whether引导名词性从句.用于否定结构或疑问结构时,后面用that引导名词性从句.e.g. I doubt whether he told the truth.I don t doubtthat he told the truth.The doctor s doubt iswhether my mother will r

21、ecover from the disease soonI have no doubtthat Tom is a talented actor.2. sure -be sure用于确定句或疑问句时,后接that引导的名词性从句.用于否定句时, 后接 whether引导的名词性从句.e.g. I m surethat I ve found the answer to this question. Are you surethat you ve found the answer to this question.I m not surewhether I ve found the answer t

22、othis question.3. 主语是 reason 时,表语要用that 引导而不是 because ：e.g.The reasonwhy he was latewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethis morning.4. what和 that - that 在从句中不充当成分,不含疑问意义,而what 在从句中充当主语、可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_e.g. That Tom fell off his chair by accidentgot the classmates laughing. What Tom learned in

23、 universityhelps him a lot in his job.=All thatTom learned in university helps him a lot in his job.5. 连接词 wh- 和 wh-ever挑选 - 前者表示一个 特指 概念,引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义. 后者表示一个 泛指 概念,意为“任何” ,引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义,相当于名词后加一个定语从句.e.g. It was a matter ofwho would take the position.Sarah hopes to become a friend ofwhoever sha

24、res her interests.=anyone who shares her interests.They will dowhatever he wants them to do. =anything that he wants them to do6. This/ That is why 和 This/ That is becausee.g. The reason why I came late is that my car broke down on the half way. He came late. Thatbsecause his car broke down. His car

25、 broke down on the half way. Thatwhsy he came late.7. 几个特别句型之间的转换It is known to all thatChina has joined the WTO.（主语从句, it 做形式主语） As is known to all,China has joined the WTO.（ as 引导的非限制性定语从句） What is known to allis that China has joined the WTO.（主语从句和表语从句）四、 it 的问题1. it 做形式主语（留意与强调句式的辨别）e.g. It was

26、my faultthat I had him play football all afternoon.It is importantthat we should go to the school to talk with the teacher.2. it 做形式宾语 - V + it + adj./ n. + to do/宾从V 可以为 make, find, feel, think, believe, consider , guess, suppose等e.g. I thinkit necessarythat we take plenty of hot water every day. S

27、he has madeit clear that everyone should write a composition.【固定结构 】take it for granted that认为 是理所当然的see to itthat 肯定留意到 ,务必 I hate/ dislike it when我厌恶 时e.g. Some students take it for grantedthat they will pass the exams.Will you please see to itthat the children get a hot meal after their swimming.

28、 I hate itwhen they talk with their mouth full of food.五、同位语从句和定语从句的区分e.g. The ideathat one can do the work without thinkingis wrong （同位语从句, that在从句中不充当成分,不行省略,从句详细说明idea 的内容）.The ideathat you put forward at the meetingis wrong 定语从句, that 代替 idea在从句中做 put forward的宾语, that 可以省略 .The suggestionthat we discuss the problem all over again is a good one. The suggestionthat he gave at the meeting was a good one.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载